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Sorensen D, Cristancho S, Soh M, Varpio L. Team Stress and Its Impact on Interprofessional Teams: A Narrative Review. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024; 36:163-173. [PMID: 36625564 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2022.2163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Interprofessional healthcare team (IHT) collaboration can produce powerful clinical benefits for patients; however, these benefits are difficult to harness when IHTs work in stressful contexts. Research about stress in healthcare typically examines stress as an individual psychological phenomenon, but stress is not only a person-centered experience. Team stress also affects the team's performance. Unfortunately, research into team stress is limited and scattered across many disciplines. We cannot prepare future healthcare professionals to work as part of IHTs in high-stress environments (e.g., emergency medicine, disaster response) unless we review how this dispersed literature is relevant to medical education. Approach: The authors conducted a narrative review of the literature on team stress experienced by interprofessional teams. The team searched five databases between 1 Jan 1990 and 16 August 2021 using the search terms: teams AND stress AND performance. Guided by four research questions, the authors reviewed and abstracted data from the 22 relevant manuscripts. Findings: Challenging problems, time pressure, life threats, environmental distractors, and communication issues are the stressors that the literature reports that teams faced. Teams reacted to team stress with engagement/cohesion and communication/coordination. Stressors impact team stress by either hindering or improving team performance. Critical thinking/decision-making, team behaviors, and time for task completion were the areas of performance affected by team stress. High-quality communication, non-technical skills training, and shared mental models were identified as performance safeguards for teams experiencing team stress. Insights: The review findings adjust current models explaining drivers of efficient and effective teams within the context of interprofessional teams. By understanding how team stress impacts teams, we can better prepare healthcare professionals to work in IHTs to meet the demands placed on them by the ever-increasing rate of high-stress medical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Sorensen
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sayra Cristancho
- Department of Surgery and Faculty Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Soh
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lara Varpio
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Van de Velde J, Levecque K, Weijters B, Laureys S. Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292406. [PMID: 37910465 PMCID: PMC10619828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the general public's health and well-being, it exacerbated the pre-existing well-being issues in the educational sector in many countries. Mindfulness-based interventions are often applied to protect and promote occupational well-being. To investigate how the well-being benefits of these interventions arise, we selected one accessible technique that is used in most of them: focused attention meditation. In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, 199 teachers voluntarily practiced five to ten minutes of meditation together with their pupils, every morning for six months. We employed a three-wave longitudinal design to follow any changes in the meditating teachers' well-being and compared these changes to a waitlist control condition of 42 teachers. Three dimensions of well-being were measured at baseline, half-time, and post-intervention: emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. Latent growth curve models revealed that the meditation technique not only improves well-being but also prevents the development of well-being problems. The practice of focused attention meditation resulted in improvements in emotional and physical well-being and prevented the development of cognitive well-being problems that were observed within the control condition. The effects were strongest for emotional and cognitive well-being and followed a linear trend. This paper shows that the well-being effects of mindfulness-based interventions are at least in part due to the focused attention meditation that is practiced in them. Occupational groups that experience emotional, cognitive, or physical well-being issues can benefit from a few minutes of focused attention meditation per day. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN61170784 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61170784).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Levecque
- Department of Work, Organization, and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Weijters
- Department of Work, Organization, and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness Research Unit, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Van kerkhoven J, Derwael D, Hannosset D, Wauters L, Dewolf P. Stress levels of Flemish emergency medicine residents and the implications for clinical practice and education. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:663-670. [PMID: 34224335 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2021.1946936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND mergency physicians are often confronted with challenging situations. As acute stress can adversely affect the health of physicians and the safety of patients, both could benefit from the integration of performance psychology insights in the education of physicians. A better understanding of stress is a prerequisite for the successful integration of a stress management program into residency training. METHODS All Flemish emergency medicine residents were questioned about stressors, perceived stress, and the impact of stress on their performance. Furthermore, participants were asked to evaluate the role of training in performance under stress during residency. RESULTS The response rate was 47.0%. Almost half of the residents indicated to be moderately to highly stressed. Half of the residents said that their performance could improve significantly if they could control their stress completely. The large majority of the residents (91.5%) indicated to see an advantage in increased training in performance enhancing techniques during residency. CONCLUSION Although a training program could considerably contribute to reduce stress levels and its impact on performance, there is a gap between the needs of residents and the current training program. An evidence-based education program in stress reduction is urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Van kerkhoven
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Lina Wauters
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dewolf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Epstein RM, Marshall F, Sanders M, Krasner MS. Effect of an Intensive Mindful Practice Workshop on Patient-Centered Compassionate Care, Clinician Well-Being, Work Engagement, and Teamwork. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2022; 42:19-27. [PMID: 34459443 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mindfulness-based interventions for health professionals have been linked to improvements in burnout, well-being, empathy, communication, patient-centered care, and patient safety, but the optimal formats and intensity of training have been difficult to determine because of the paucity of studies and the heterogeneity of programs. A 4-days residential "Mindful Practice" workshop for physicians and medical educators featuring contemplative practices, personal narratives, and appreciative dialogs about challenging experiences may hold promise in improving participants' well-being while also improving compassionate care, job satisfaction, work engagement, and teamwork. METHODS We collected baseline and 2-month follow-up data during four workshops conducted in 2018 to 2019 at conference centers in the United States and Europe. Primary outcomes were burnout, work-related distress, job satisfaction, work engagement, patient-centered compassionate care, and teamwork. RESULTS Eighty-five of 120 participants (71%) completed both surveys (mean age was 49.3 and 68.2% female). There were improvements (P < .01) in two of three burnout components (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), work-related distress, job satisfaction, patient-centered compassionate care, work engagement and meaning, teamwork, well-being, positive emotion, mindfulness, somatic symptoms, and spirituality. Effect sizes (standardized mean difference of change) ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. With Bonferroni adjustments (P < .0031), teamwork, general well-being, and mindfulness became nonsignificant. DISCUSSION An intensive, multiday, mindfulness-based workshop for physicians had clinically significant positive effects on clinician well-being, quality of interpersonal care and work satisfaction, and meaning and engagement, all important indicators of improved health and sustainability of the health care workforce. Future iterations of the program should increase the focus on teamwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Epstein
- Mr. Epstein: Professor of Family Medicine, Oncology and Medicine (Palliative Care), and American Cancer Society's Clinical Research Professor, Codirector, Center for Communication and Disparities Research, Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine and the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY. Mr. Marshall: Professor, Department of Neurology, Division of Geriatric Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY. Mr. Sanders: Senior Instructor, Department of Family Medicine, Center for Communication and Disparities Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY. Mr. Krasner: Professor of Clinical Medicine and Clinical Family Medicine, Departments Medicine and Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Chu A, Rose TM, Gundrum DA, McMorris TE, Klausner EA, Lang LA, Shan G. Evaluating the effects of a mindfulness mobile application on student pharmacists' stress, burnout, and mindfulness. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 79:656-664. [PMID: 34864830 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE Pharmacists report high levels of burnout. Mindfulness approaches have been demonstrated to have positive results in the general population and in other healthcare professions. However, limited studies have been performed evaluating mindfulness approaches in student pharmacists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily use of a mindfulness mobile application in improving student pharmacists' perceived stress, burnout, and mindfulness. METHODS This study was a randomized, longitudinal, waitlist-controlled trial. The intervention group was asked to meditate using the mindfulness application Headspace daily for at least 6 weeks. The waitlist control group was asked to abstain from using the application for the entire study. Stress, burnout, and mindfulness were assessed using validated survey instruments at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks. A secondary outcome was to assess the persistence of application use after the intervention period. RESULTS Fifty-six participants completed the study. The intervention group reported significantly lower scores on stress and burnout at 6 weeks compared to the control group. The intervention group also reported significantly higher scores on mindfulness. The differences in stress, burnout, and mindfulness persisted at follow-up. The mean percentage of students in the intervention group who used the application each day was 90% over the intervention period and 62% over the follow-up period. CONCLUSION A mindfulness mobile application significantly improved student pharmacists' stress, burnout, and mindfulness with daily use. Most participants continued to use the application for 4 weeks after the end of the intervention. Positive effects on stress and mindfulness persisted even with decreased use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chu
- Roseman College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Tyler M Rose
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Danielle A Gundrum
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Tressa E McMorris
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Eytan A Klausner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Lynn A Lang
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - Guogen Shan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Jiménez-Picón N, Romero-Martín M, Ponce-Blandón JA, Ramirez-Baena L, Palomo-Lara JC, Gómez-Salgado J. The Relationship between Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence as a Protective Factor for Healthcare Professionals: Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105491. [PMID: 34065519 PMCID: PMC8161054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is an essential trait and skill for healthcare professionals. Mindfulness meditation has proved to be effective in increasing the wellbeing of those who practice it, leading to better mental health, self-care and job satisfaction. This paper aims to identify the recent evidence on the relationship between mindfulness and emotional intelligence among healthcare professionals and students. A systematic review was conducted including the databases PubMed, Cinhal, PsycINFO and Web of Science. The main variables were emotional intelligence skills and mindfulness practice. Data were extracted according to the following outcomes: authors, year of publication, country, study design, participants, mindfulness training intervention, tools used in data collection and main results. The following inclusion criteria were applied: peer-reviewed articles; published in English or Spanish; published between 2010 and 2020; quantitative methodology; a study population of healthcare professionals or students; the relationship with the aim of the study. The Joanna Briggs Institute criteria were followed for assessing the methodological quality of the selected studies. Three researchers were involved in the review. After the selection process, 10 studies were selected out of the 197 references initially identified. These studies revealed a positive relationship between mindfulness and emotional intelligence, particularly the capacity to regulate emotions. Furthermore, mindfulness is negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Training interventions based on mindfulness have proved to be useful in promoting emotional balance, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, emotion recognition, expressive suppression and a reduction in emotional exhaustion. This study could serve as a basis for further research on the benefits of emotional intelligence and practicing mindfulness for the bio-psycho-social welfare of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jiménez-Picón
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (J.A.P.-B.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | | | - José Antonio Ponce-Blandón
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (J.A.P.-B.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | - Lucia Ramirez-Baena
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (J.A.P.-B.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | - Juan Carlos Palomo-Lara
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (J.A.P.-B.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Pillow MT, Hatfield CL, Aulbach R, Stritto RD, Landrum P, Scheller S, Purkiss J, Gill AC. Using a Resuscitation-Based Simulation Activity to Create an Interprofessional Education Activity for Medical, Nursing, and Pharmacy Students. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2020; 16:11054. [PMID: 33324754 PMCID: PMC7732132 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To achieve high-quality, patient-centered care, teaching programs across health professions must prepare their learners to work in effective teams. We created a simulation activity to formatively assess interprofessional objectives in graduating medical, nursing, and pharmacy students. This simulation also gave learners an opportunity to practice clinical airway resuscitation skills. METHODS The simulation featured a decompensating adult asthmatic with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and a final diagnosis of severe asthma exacerbation and respiratory failure. Students completed a prebrief to formulate a plan and then interacted with a mannequin. Faculty led a debriefing and completed assessments of the team's performance. The students completed a questionnaire assessing their own and the team's performance. RESULTS Four sessions were held over a 2-year period. A total of 91 graduating students participated in the activity: 33 from Baylor College of Medicine, 26 from University of Houston College of Pharmacy, and 28 from Texas Woman's University Nelda C. Stark College of Nursing. Postsession questionnaire data demonstrated very good overall team performance and good individual performance. Student comments demonstrated an understanding of the importance of teamwork and thoughtful reflection on their own areas for improvement. All students rated the activity as valuable and effective. Multirater assessments of the students found that most met three of the four objectives. DISCUSSION This activity allows for real-time formative assessment with a focus on roles, communication, and managing difficult situations. The debriefing demonstrates the students' understanding of interprofessional goals in providing effective patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tyson Pillow
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Medical Director, Simulation and Standardized Patient Program, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - Rebecca Aulbach
- Assistant Professor, Texas Woman's University Nelda C. Stark College of Nursing
| | | | - Peggy Landrum
- Clinical Professor, Texas Woman's University Nelda C. Stark College of Nursing
| | - Suzanne Scheller
- Associate Clinical Professor, Texas Woman's University Nelda C. Stark College of Nursing
| | - Joel Purkiss
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Assistant Dean of Evaluation, Assessment, and Education Research, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Anne C. Gill
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine; Assistant Dean of Interprofessional Education, Baylor College of Medicine
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Anderson N. An evaluation of a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for critical care nursing staff: A quality improvement project. Nurs Crit Care 2020; 26:441-448. [PMID: 32989876 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical care is a stressful workplace for nursing staff. Mindfulness-based stress reduction programmes are an emerging concept to manage stress in nursing, but little is known about the impact of such interventions, especially in critical care settings. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES A quality improvement initiative was introduced to explore the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on a cohort of critical care nurses in terms of quality of life, perceived stress, mindfulness awareness, and sickness and absence rates. METHODS A pre-/post-interventional design recruited nurses (n = 25) working within a critical care unit to undertake the intervention. Participants were asked to complete psychometric questionnaires at three time points, pre-course (0 months), immediately post-course (8 weeks), and at a follow-up point at month 4. Sickness and absence rates were analysed to detect differences pre- and post-course. Retention rates were ascertained by numbers of participants completing the psychometric tests. FINDINGS Overall, positive correlations were found when comparing pre-course vs 8-week mean scores of satisfaction with life (P < .001), reduced perceived stress (P < .001), and mindfulness awareness (P = .002). Bootstrap analysis of the data confirmed that positive outcome measures were more significant at the 4-month mark in reduced perceived stress and mindfulness awareness (P < .001) compared with the satisfaction with life scale (P = .41). There was no significant change in sickness rates pre- and post-intervention (P = .69). The retention rate was 70% at month 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Mindfulness training is a feasible and accepted intervention that critical care nurses may benefit from in terms of quality of life, perceived stress, and mindfulness awareness. This has positive outcomes for staff and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Anderson
- Matron in Critical Care and Critical Care Outreach, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Łoś K, Chmielewski J, Łuczyński W. Relationship between Executive Functions, Mindfulness, Stress, and Performance in Pediatric Emergency Simulations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062040. [PMID: 32204436 PMCID: PMC7142723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, high-fidelity medical simulation has become an accepted and widely used teaching method in pediatrics. Both simulation and work in the real conditions of emergency departments are accompanied by stress that affects the executive functions of participants. One of the methods for reducing stress among medical students and healthcare professionals is the practice of mindfulness. The aim of this study was to examine whether executive functions, mindfulness, and stress are related to the technical and non-technical skills of medical students participating in medical simulations in pediatrics. The study included 153 final-year medical students. A total of 306 high-fidelity simulations of life-threatening situations involving children were conducted. Results: Stress and the coping mechanism of the participants were correlated to their skills during pediatric simulations. Some components of mindfulness, such as non-judgment and conscious action, were positively related to the skills of medical team leaders. Executive functions correlated with the non-technical skills and mindfulness of the medical students. Conclusions: Stress, mindfulness, and executive functions modeled the behavior and skills of medical students during pediatric simulations of life-threatening events. Further research in this area may prove whether mindfulness training will improve learning outcomes in pediatric emergency medicine.
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Buljac-Samardzic M, Doekhie KD, van Wijngaarden JDH. Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 31915007 PMCID: PMC6950792 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high variety of team interventions aims to improve team performance outcomes. In 2008, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of the scientific studies focused on these interventions. However, over the past decade, the literature on team interventions has rapidly evolved. An updated overview is therefore required, and it will focus on all possible team interventions without restrictions to a type of intervention, setting, or research design. OBJECTIVES To review the literature from the past decade on interventions with the goal of improving team effectiveness within healthcare organizations and identify the "evidence base" levels of the research. METHODS Seven major databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published between 2008 and July 2018. Of the original search yield of 6025 studies, 297 studies met the inclusion criteria according to three independent authors and were subsequently included for analysis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Scale was used to assess the level of empirical evidence. RESULTS Three types of interventions were distinguished: (1) Training, which is sub-divided into training that is based on predefined principles (i.e. CRM: crew resource management and TeamSTEPPS: Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety), on a specific method (i.e. simulation), or on general team training. (2) Tools covers tools that structure (i.e. SBAR: Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation, (de)briefing checklists, and rounds), facilitate (through communication technology), or trigger (through monitoring and feedback) teamwork. (3) Organizational (re)design is about (re)designing structures to stimulate team processes and team functioning. (4) A programme is a combination of the previous types. The majority of studies evaluated a training focused on the (acute) hospital care setting. Most of the evaluated interventions focused on improving non-technical skills and provided evidence of improvements. CONCLUSION Over the last decade, the number of studies on team interventions has increased exponentially. At the same time, research tends to focus on certain interventions, settings, and/or outcomes. Principle-based training (i.e. CRM and TeamSTEPPS) and simulation-based training seem to provide the greatest opportunities for reaching the improvement goals in team functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Buljac-Samardzic
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Bayle building, p.o. box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirti D. Doekhie
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Bayle building, p.o. box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. H. van Wijngaarden
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Bayle building, p.o. box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dunham CM, Burger AL, Hileman BM, Chance EA, Hutchinson AE, Kohli CM, DeNiro L, Tall JM, Lisko P. Brainwave Self-Regulation During Bispectral Index TM Neurofeedback in Trauma Center Nurses and Physicians After Receiving Mindfulness Instructions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2153. [PMID: 31616348 PMCID: PMC6775210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-seven level I trauma center nurses/physicians participated in a 4-day intervention to learn relaxed alertness using mindfulness-based instructions and EEG neurofeedback. Neurofeedback was provided by a Bispectral IndexTM (BIS) system that continuously displays a BIS value (0-100) on the monitor screen. Reductions in the BIS value indicate that power in a high-frequency band (30-47 Hz) is decreased and power in an intermediate band (11-20 Hz) is increased. A wellbeing tool with four positive affect and seven negative affect items based on a 5-category Likert scale was used. The wellbeing score is the sum of the positive affect items (positive affect score) and the reverse-scored negative affect items (non-stress score). Of functional concern were four negative affect items rated as moderately, quite a bit, or extremely in a large percent. Of greater concern were all four positive affect items rated as very slightly or none at all, a little, or moderately in over half of the participants. Mean and nadir BIS values were markedly decreased during neurofeedback when compared to baseline values. Post-session relaxation scores were higher than pre-session relaxation scores. Post-session relaxation scores had an inverse relationship with mean and nadir BIS values. Mean and nadir BIS values were inversely associated with NFB cognitive states (i.e., widening the visual field, decreasing effort, attention to space, and relaxed alertness). For all participants, the wellbeing score was higher on day 4 than on day 1. Participants had a higher wellbeing score on day 4 than a larger group of nurses/physicians who did not participate in the BIS neurofeedback trial. Eighty percent of participants demonstrated an improvement in the positive affect or non-stress score on day 4, when compared to day 1; the wellbeing, non-stress, and positive affect scores were substantially higher on day 4 than on day 1. Additionally, for that 80% of participants, the improvements in wellbeing and non-stress were associated with reductions in day 3 BIS values. These findings indicate that trauma center nurses/physicians participating in an EEG neurofeedback trial with mindfulness instructions had improvements in wellbeing. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03152331. Registered May 15, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Amanda L Burger
- Behavioral Medicine, St. Elizabeth Family Medicine Residency, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Amy E Hutchinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Chander M Kohli
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Lori DeNiro
- Department of Nursing, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Jill M Tall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Paul Lisko
- Pastoral Services, St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Boardman, OH, United States
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