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Gul Z, Iqbal A, Shoukat J, Anila A, Rahman R, Ullah S, Zeeshan M, Ashiq MS, Altaf AA. Nanoparticles Based Sensors for Cyanide Ion Sensing, Basic Principle, Mechanism and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38117472 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2295511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly detecting potentially toxic ions such as cyanide is paramount to maintaining a sustainable and environmentally friendly ecosystem for living organisms. In recent years, molecular sensors have been developed to detect cyanide ions, which provide a naked-eye or fluorometric response, making them an ideal choice for cyanide sensing. Nanosensors, on the other hand, have become increasingly popular over the last two decades due water solubility, quick reaction times, environmental friendliness, and straightforward synthesis. Researchers have designed many nanosensors and successfully utilized them for the detection of cyanide ions in various environmental samples. The majority of these sensors use gold and silver-based nanosensors because cyanide ions have a high affinity for these metals ions and coordinate through covalent bonds. These metal nanoparticles are typically combined or coated with fluorescent materials, which quench their fluorescence. However, adding cyanide ions etches out the metal nanoparticles, restoring their fluorescence/color. This principle has been followed by most nanosensors used for cyanide ion sensing. In this review, different nanosensors and their sensing mechanisms are discussed in relation to cyanide ions. The primary purpose is to compare the sensing abilities of these sensors, mainly their sensitivity, advantages, application and to find out research gaps for future work. In this review paper, the development made in nanosensors in the last thirteen years (2010-2023) was discussed and the nanosensors for cyanide ions were compared with molecular sensors while the nanosensors with the excellent limit of detection were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Gul
- Departments of Chemistry, Government Degree College Gulabad, Gulabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Shoukat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anila Anila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Rahman
- Department of Biological sciences, National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shaheed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Kohsar University, Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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Nilo N, Reyna-Jeldes M, Covarrubias AA, Coddou C, Artigas V, Fuentealba M, Aguilar LF, Saldías M, Mellado M. A pH-Sensitive Fluorescent Chemosensor Turn-On Based in a Salen Iron (III) Complex: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Live-Cell Imaging Application. Molecules 2023; 28:7237. [PMID: 37959657 PMCID: PMC10647502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
pH regulation is essential to allow normal cell function, and their imbalance is associated with different pathologic situations, including cancer. In this study, we present the synthesis of 2-(((2-aminoethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (HL1) and the iron (III) complex (Fe(L1)2Br, (C1)), confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The absorption and emission properties of complex C1 were assessed in the presence and absence of different physiologically relevant analytes, finding a fluorescent turn-on when OH- was added. So, we determined the limit of detection (LOD = 3.97 × 10-9 M), stoichiometry (1:1), and association constant (Kas = 5.86 × 103 M-1). Using DFT calculations, we proposed a spontaneous decomposition mechanism for C1. After characterization, complex C1 was evaluated as an intracellular pH chemosensor on the human primary gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and non-tumoral gastric epithelia (GES-1) cell lines, finding fluorescent signal activation in the latter when compared to AGS cells due to the lower intracellular pH of AGS cells caused by the increased metabolic rate. However, when complex C1 was used on metastatic cancer cell lines (MKN-45 and MKN-74), a fluorescent turn-on was observed in both cell lines because the intracellular lactate amount increased. Our results could provide insights about the application of complex C1 as a metabolic probe to be used in cancer cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nilo
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- Laboratorio de Señalización Purinérgica, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; (A.A.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Alejandra A. Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Señalización Purinérgica, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; (A.A.C.); (C.C.)
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad del Alba, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Laboratorio de Señalización Purinérgica, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; (A.A.C.); (C.C.)
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado, y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Vania Artigas
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Mauricio Fuentealba
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Luis F. Aguilar
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Marianela Saldías
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile;
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile;
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Abdullah Al Awadh A. Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022). Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101698. [PMID: 37533494 PMCID: PMC10393588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole, benzoxazole benzothiazole and benzimidazole are excellent classes of organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds show significant application in pharmacy, industries, dyes, medicine, polymers and food packages. These compounds also form metal complexes with copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium chromium, silver, iron, and other metals that have shown to be significant applications. Recently, researchers have attracted enormous attention toward heterocyclic compounds such as indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and their complexes due to their excellent medicinal applications such as anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiparasitic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiglycation, antiviral potency, antineuropathic, analgesic antioxidant, antihistaminic, and antibacterial potentials. In this article, we summarize the medicinal applications of these compounds as well as their metal complexes. We hope this article will help researchers in designing and synthesizing novel and potent compounds with significant applications in various fields.
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Yahya M, Seferoğlu N, Kaplan G, Nural Y, Barsella A, Seferoğlu Z. Synthesis, nonlinear optical properties, photophysical, and theoretical studies of azo dye bearing coumarin-thiophene. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sarkar S, Chatterjee A, Biswas K. A Recent Update on Rhodamine Dye Based Sensor Molecules: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36705594 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2169598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein we have discussed such important modified rhodamine compounds which have been used as chemosensors for the last 7-8 years. This review covered some chemosensors for the detection of metal ions like Al(III), Cu(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Au(III), Cr(III), and some anion like CN-. The selectivity, sensitivity, photophysical properties (i.e., UV-Vis spectral studies, fluorescence studies giving special emphasis to absorption wavelength in UV-Vis spectra and excitation and emission wavelength in fluorescence spectra), binding affinity, the limit of detection, and the application of those chemosensors are described clearly. Here we have also discussed some functionalized rhodamine-based chemosensors that emit in the near-infrared region (NIR) and can target lysosomes and detect lysosomal pH. Their versatile applicability in the medicinal ground is also delineated. We have focused on the photophysical properties of spirolactam rhodamine photoswitches and applications in single-molecule localization microscopy and volumetric 3D light photoactivable dye displays. The real-time detection of radical intermediates has also been exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Kinkar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Muhammad M, Khan S, Rahim G, Alharbi W, Alharbi KH. Highly selective and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for determination of cypermethrin in different environmental samples. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:890. [PMID: 36241946 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective, and simple spectrofluorimetric method for the detection and determination of cypermethrin (CYP) in various samples based on thioglycolic acid-caped Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (TGA@Mn-ZnS-QDs) is reported. These quantum dots were synthesized using the Gonzalez method. The synthesized quantum dots were structurally characterized with the help of different spectroscopic techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques and fluorescence spectroscopy. The quantum dots were used for spectrofluorimetric detection and determination of CYP. The emission peak of these quantum dots at 632 nm showed a linear quenching with increasing the concentration of CYP, noticing an excellent linear relationship between F°/F values and CYP in the range of 0.5-12 µg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.992. The influence of different physiochemical parameters such as time, pH, the concentration of quantum dots, and other pesticides interference on the fluorescence quenching was investigated. The detection limit was calculated to be 0.132 µg mL-1. The developed method was successfully applied for the detection and determination of CYP in various spiked samples (tomato, okra, pea, spinach, soil, and water) using the spike and recovery methods. The percent recoveries of CYP from these samples were found to be 77 ± 0.05% to 95 ± 0.12% at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Walaa Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah H Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Gul Z, Khan S, Khan E. Organic Molecules Containing N, S and O Heteroatoms as Sensors for the Detection of Hg(II) Ion; Coordination and Efficiency toward Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:1525-1546. [PMID: 36122189 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of potentially toxic heavy metals like Hg(II) has attracted great attention in the last few decades due to the importance to maintain a safe and sustainable environment for human beings. Coordination chemistry and concepts therein, play an important role in the detection of Hg(II). Size, charge, and nature of the donor atom and the respective cation (metal ion), are crucial in selective interactions between the sensor and metal ions. The sensors designed for the purpose, coordinate to Hg(II) ion through various donor sites, coordination causes a change in the electron density in organic molecules and results in either visible color change or enhancing/quenching fluorescence intensity. Since Hg(II) is soft metal, with d10 electron system, so majority of the sensors have soft donor sites which prefer to coordinate with Hg(II). Oxygen is also present in some chelating ligands which is least preferred coordination site, due to its hard nature. There are several reports of replacing other ligating sites by sulfur for enhanced mercury sensing. In some cases, desulfurization is being detected as clear change in spectral behavior during the sensing process. Efforts are still in progress to design and introduce a sensor with utmost sensitivity and selectivity. In this review, we made an attempt to explain the coordination aspects of Hg(II) detectors, reasons for poor efficiency and possible suggestions to improve the selection criterion of various compounds. It will help researchers to know about important concepts in designing more sensitive and selective sensors for detection of Hg(II) in environmental and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
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