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Al-Omairi M, Alamir SG, Salman BI, El Deeb S, Alrashdi YBA, Al-Harrasi A, Ibrahim AE. Investigating Trace and Macro-element Composition of Herbal and Nutraceutical Dietary Supplements Marketed in Oman: Insights into Safety and Labeling. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04343-w. [PMID: 39143445 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
With the global increase in the use of dietary supplements to provide nutrients in one's regular diet, these supplements' potential health risks and benefits have become a topic of significant interest. Interestingly, as dietary supplements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States (USA), Europe, and most countries do not require manufacturers and distributors to obtain approval or provide safety assessments before marketing those products. This research explores for the first time 16 heavy, trace and macro-elemental contents, namely, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Zn, V, Fe, Al, K, Na, Mg, and Ca, within 24 nutraceutical and herbal supplements marketed in Oman. The research is focusing on ensuring their compositions, concentrations, and freedom of toxic elements. ICP-OES was utilized, preceded by a microwave digestion technique to digest the samples in concentrated HNO3 and HCl (3:1, v/v). The method was validated within linear ranges of 0.03-5.00 ppm and 1.0-200.0 ppm for micro- and macro-elements, respectively, with %recoveries ranging from 90 to 104%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.09 and 0.14 to 0.30 ppm, while the limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 and 0.46 to 0.91 ppm for micro- and macro-elements, respectively. The detected levels were compared to online databases for risk assessment. Although As and Cd were not detected in all samples, Pb was found in nine samples, with some exceeding regulated limits of exposure. About 80% of the samples contained Al, of which two samples were susceptible to serious health risks of exceeding exposure limits in their compiled doses. The locally harvested Omani herbal supplements revealed significant amounts of Zn, Mg, Mn, and Cu. The results highlighted the potential risks associated with both dosage compliance and labeling discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Omairi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Samy G Alamir
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
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Bharadwaj N, Manimuthu MS, Vimal S, Radhakrishnan N. Evaluation of In vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Phoenix pusilla on Colon Cancer Cell Line. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1181-S1185. [PMID: 38882854 PMCID: PMC11174294 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_522_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer rates continue to climb, owing largely to the world population's aging and growth, as well as economically developing countries, a surge in cancer-causing behavior, particularly smoking. The third or fourth most prevalent type of cancer is colon cancer. Cancer of the large intestine (colon) is one of the primary causes of death from cancer. Colorectal cancer prevention is mostly based on adenomatous disease screening approaches. The cytotoxic and pharmacological properties of Phoenix pusilla are widely documented. As a result, there is little recorded evidence of its cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. Therefore, we planned to study the efficacy of a methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix pusilla against in vitro colon cancer cells. Aim To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix pusilla on colon cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods In vitro screening and anti-cancer effects of the methanolic effect of Phoenix pusilla on colon cancer cell lines were assessed by cell viability assays and cell and nuclear morphological studies. For the in vitro cell culture study, different concentrations of Phoenix pusilla leaf extract (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 μg/ml) were used, and IC50 doses were calculated. Results The results of the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that the fraction of viability cells significantly decreased in treated cells when compared to untreated control groups, was expressed as 100%, and an inhibitory concentration of μg/ml was identified. A phase-contrast microscope was used to observe cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic membrane blebbing. A fluorescent microscope was used to examine the apoptotic nuclei (internally dyed nuclei, shattered nuclei, and condensed chromatin). Conclusion In conclusion, the present study results showed that the leaf extracts of Phoenix pusilla had a strong cytotoxic effect and induced significant apoptosis in the colon cancer cell lines at a concentration of 75 μg/ml in the 24 h incubation period. More research is needed to investigate the extract's active components as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bharadwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Sankar Manimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Elamshity MG, Alhamdan AM. Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Physiochemical Properties of Milk Drink Flavored with Date Syrup Utilizing VIS-NIR Spectroscopy and ANN Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:524. [PMID: 38397501 PMCID: PMC10888200 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A milk drink flavored with date syrup produced at a lab scale level was evaluated. The production process of date syrup involves a sequence of essential unit operations, commencing with the extraction, filtration, and concentration processes from two cultivars: Sukkary and Khlass. Date syrup was then mixed with cow's and camel's milk at four percentages to form a nutritious, natural, sweet, and energy-rich milk drink. The sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics of the milk drinks flavored with date syrup were examined. The objective of this work was to measure the physiochemical properties of date fruits and milk drinks flavored with date syrup, and then to evaluate the physical properties of milk drinks utilizing non-destructive visible-near-infrared spectra (VIS-NIR). The study assessed the characteristics of the milk drink enhanced with date syrup by employing VIS-NIR spectra and utilizing a partial least-square regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis. The VIS-NIR spectra proved to be highly effective in estimating the physiochemical attributes of the flavored milk drink. The ANN model outperformed the PLSR model in this context. RMSECV is considered a more reliable indicator of a model's future predictive performance compared to RMSEC, and the R2 value ranged between 0.946 and 0.989. Consequently, non-destructive VIS-NIR technology demonstrates significant promise for accurately predicting and contributing to the entire production process of the product's properties examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah M. Alhamdan
- Chair of Dates Industry & Technology, Agricultural Engineering Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Salajegheh Z, Nasiri M, Imanipour M, Zamanifard M, Sadeghi O, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Asadi M. Is oral consumption of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period effective and safe integrative care to facilitate childbirth and improve perinatal outcomes: a comprehensive revised systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:12. [PMID: 38166785 PMCID: PMC10759543 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reviews have reported inconclusive results regarding the usefulness of consuming dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period. Hence, this updated systematic review with meta-analysis sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of this integrated intervention in facilitating childbirth and improving perinatal outcomes. METHODS Eight data sources were searched comprehensively from their inception until April 30, 2023. Parallel-group randomized and non-randomized controlled trials published in any language were included if conducted during peripartum (i.e., third trimester of pregnancy, late pregnancy, labor, or postpartum) to assess standard care plus oral consumption of dates versus standard care alone or combined with other alternative interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment tools and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) were employed to evaluate the potential RoB and the overall quality of the evidence, respectively. Sufficient data were pooled by a random-effect approach utilizing Stata software. RESULTS Of 2,460 records in the initial search, 48 studies reported in 55 publications were included. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis regarding fetal, neonatal, or infant outcomes; nonetheless, most outcomes were not substantially different between dates consumer and standard care groups. However, meta-analyses revealed that dates consumption in late pregnancy significantly shortened the length of gestation and labor, except for the second labor stage; declined the need for labor induction; accelerated spontaneity of delivery; raised cervical dilatation (CD) upon admission, Bishop score, and frequency of spontaneous vaginal delivery. The dates intake in labor also significantly reduced labor duration, except for the third labor stage, and increased CD two hours post-intervention. Moreover, the intervention during postpartum significantly boosted the breast milk quantity and reduced post-delivery hemorrhage. Likewise, dates supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy significantly increased maternal hemoglobin levels. The overall evidence quality was also unacceptable, and RoB was high in most studies. Furthermore, the intervention's safety was recorded only in four trials. CONCLUSION More well-designed investigations are required to robustly support consuming dates during peripartum as effective and safe integrated care. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration No: CRD42023399626.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salajegheh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Morteza Nasiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imanipour
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Zamanifard
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Asadi
- Religion, Health and Technology Studies Center, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 6313833177, Abadan, Iran.
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Chen M, Chen X, Guo Y, Liu N, Wang K, Gong P, Zhao Y, Cai L. Effect of in vitro digestion and fermentation of kiwifruit pomace polysaccharides on structural characteristics and human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127141. [PMID: 37776924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit pomace is abundant in polysaccharides that exhibit diverse biological activities and prebiotic potential. This study delves into the digestive behavior and fermentation characteristics of kiwifruit pomace polysaccharides (KFP) through an in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation. The results reveal that following simulated digestion of KFP, its molecular weight reduced by 4.7%, and the reducing sugar (CR) increased by 9.5%. However, the monosaccharide composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characteristics showed no significant changes, suggesting that KFP remained undigested. Furthermore, even after saliva-gastrointestinal digestion, KFP retained in vitro hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities. Subsequently, fecal fermentation significantly altered the physicochemical properties of indigestible KFP (KFPI), particularly leading to an 89.71% reduction in CR. This indicates that gut microbiota could decompose KFPI and metabolize it into SCFAs. Moreover, after 48 h of KFPI fecal fermentation, it was observed that KFPI contributed to maintaining the balance of gut microbiota by promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while inhibiting the unfavorable bacteria like Bilophila. In summary, this study offers a comprehensive exploration of in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation characteristics of KFP, providing valuable insights for potential development of KFP as a prebiotic for promoting intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Ketang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Luyang Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
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El-Beltagi HS, Shah ST, Mohamed HI, Alam N, Sajid M, Khan A, Basit A. Physiological response, phytochemicals, antioxidant, and enzymatic activity of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivated under different storage time, harvesting Stages, and temperatures. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103818. [PMID: 37841666 PMCID: PMC10570712 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of date palm is highly influenced by postharvest techniques, storage, and processing effects. Fruits stored at room temperature result in dehydration, whereas higher temperatures accelerate the enzymatic browning of fruit. This study aimed to enhance postharvest quality of date palms through improved harvesting and storage techniques. The fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Dhakki) were harvested at khalal (mature, firm), rutab (fully ripe), or tamar (dry) stages and stored at different temperatures (12, 18, or 24 °C) for 0, 15, 30, or 45 days. The analysis of the data showed that the studied attributes significantly different at various ripening stages and storage temperatures. The fruits harvested at Khalal stage proved to be the best in retaining moisture content (23.16%), total soluble solids (20.36 oBrix), fruit juice pH (4.97), ascorbic acid (24.65 mg 100 g-1), non-reducing sugars (26.84%), percent acidity (0.39%), antioxidant activity (211.0 mg 100 g-1), total phenolic (40.07 mg100g-1), flavonoids (45.8 mg 100 g-1), tannin (70.7 mg100g-1), catalase (1.82 U g-1), peroxidase (1.4 U g-1), soluble protein (38.2 mg kg-1), brightness (29.9), chroma (16.4), hue angle (34.9), color (16.8), and with minimum weight loss (8.48%) as compared to fruit harvested at Rutab and Tamar stage. Regarding the means for storage temperature, the fruits stored at 12 ± 3 °C retained the highest moisture content (23.2%), total soluble solids (13.5 oBrix), fruit juice pH (5.42), percent acidity (0.29%), ascorbic acid (24.4 mg100g-1), reducing sugars (31.1%), non-reducing sugars (26.5%), antioxidant activity (214.6 mg100g-1), total phenolic (41.6 mg100 g-1), flavonoids (44.7 mg100 g-1), tannin (71.7 mg 100 g-1), catalase (1.56 U g-1), peroxidase (1.21 U g-1), soluble protein (31.8 mg kg-1), brightness (28.8), chroma (15.3), hue angle (29.6), color (16.2),with minimum weight loss (9.91%). It was concluded that for quality fruit production of date palm cv. Dhakki could be harvested at Khalal stage and stored at a temperature of 12 ± 3 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Tanveer Shah
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams, University, Cairo 1575, Egypt
| | - Nabeel Alam
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, South Korea
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Abdelbaky AS, Tammam MA, Ali MY, Sharaky M, Selim K, Semida WM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Ramadan MF, Oraby HF, Diab YM. Antioxidant and Anticancer Assessment and Phytochemical Investigation of Three Varieties of Date Fruits. Metabolites 2023; 13:816. [PMID: 37512523 PMCID: PMC10386203 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids and other micronutrients, which impact human health due to their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics. In the present study, the effect of ethyl acetate, hydroethanol, hydromethanol, and aqueous extract from three date palm varieties (i.e., Ajwa, Siwi, and Sukkari) on phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and anticancer activities was investigated. Fruit extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH· method. Phenolic constituents were quantified and identified using HPLC-DAD. Extracts (ethyl acetate, hydroethanol, and hydromethanol) were assessed for cytotoxicity on nine human cancer cell lines, i.e., MG-63, HCT116, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HEPG2, HUH7, A549, H460, and HFB4, using the sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the Sukkari fruits has the greatest antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 132.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL-1, while the aqueous extract of Ajwa date fruits exhibited the lowest antioxidant effect with an IC50 value of 867.1 ± 0.3 μg·mL-1. The extracts exhibited potent to moderate anticancer activities against the investigated cancer cell line in a source-dependent manner. Methanol extract of Siwi fruits exhibited the most potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 99 ± 1.6 µg·mL-1), followed by the same extract of Sukkari fruits with an IC50 value of 119 ± 3.5 µg·mL-1 against the cell line of human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated to determine the relationship among the investigated traits and treatments. Our findings reveal that date palm fruit-derived extracts are excellent sources of biologically active constituents and substantiate their potential use in new anticancer strategies from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelbaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yassin Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 11796, Egypt
| | - Khaled Selim
- Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Wael M Semida
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser M Diab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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