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Ni X, Liu Y, Sun M, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Ke D, Guo G, Liu K. Oral Live-Carrier Vaccine of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Inducing Prophylactic Protective Immunity Against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10360-x. [PMID: 39251521 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects the gastric mucosa and induces chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Research has demonstrated that vaccination can induce a protective immune response and prevent H. pylori infection. Oral administration of the Lactococcus lactis live-carrier vaccine is safe and easily complied with by the public. In this study, two recombinant L. lactis strains were constructed that expressed antigens of H. pylori urease subunit alpha (UreA) and UreA fused with Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB-UreA), named LL-UreA and LL-LTB-UreA, respectively. The expression of antigen proteins was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Survival assessment indicated that the engineered L. lactis could colonize in the digestive tract of BALB/c mice up to 10 days after the last oral administration with our immunization protocol. The ability to induce immune response and immune protective efficacy of the L. lactis were confirmed. These results indicated that oral administration with LL-UreA or LL-LTB-UreA could induce UreA-specific mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) and cellular immune response, significantly increasing the cytokines levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-17A, and IL-10, together with the proportion of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells and CD4+IL17A+ T cells. More importantly, oral administration of LL-UreA and LL-LTB-UreA brought about effective protection in mice to prevent H. pylori infection, especially LL-UreA, resulting in 70% of mice showing no H. pylori colonization and the remaining 30% showing only low levels of colonization. These findings underscore the potential of using orally administered engineered L. lactis vaccines to prevent H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Ni
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Sun
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yajun Jiang
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingxin Ke
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Kaiyun Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Wei YF, Xie SA, Zhang ST. Current research on the interaction between Helicobacter pylori and macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:497. [PMID: 38598010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacteria with a worldwide infection rate of 50%, known to induce gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer. The interplay between H. pylori and immune cells within the gastric mucosa is pivotal in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related disease. Following H. pylori infection, there is an observed increase in gastric mucosal macrophages, which are associated with the progression of gastritis. H. pylori elicits macrophage polarization, releases cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) to promote inflammatory response and eliminate H. pylori. Meanwhile, H. pylori has developed mechanisms to evade the host immune response in order to maintain the persistent infection, including interference with macrophage phagocytosis and antigen presentation, as well as induction of macrophage apoptosis. Consequently, the interaction between H. pylori and macrophages can significantly impact the progression, pathogenesis, and resolution of H. pylori infection. Moreover, macrophages are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for H. pylori-associated gastritis. Therefore, elucidating the involvement of macrophages in H. pylori infection may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis, progression, and management of H. pylori-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Si-An Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Digestive Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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3
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Ji Q, Ma J, Wang S, Liu Q. Embedding of exogenous B cell epitopes on the surface of UreB structure generates a broadly reactive antibody response against Helicobacter pylori. Immunology 2024; 171:212-223. [PMID: 37899627 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) resistance to antibiotic regimens has increased, vaccination is becoming an increasingly important alternative therapy to control H. pylori infection. UreB, FlaA, AlpB, SabA, and HpaA proteins of H. pylori were previously proved to be used as candidate vaccine antigens. Here, we developed an engineered antigen based on a recombinant chimeric protein containing a structural scaffold from UreB and B cell epitopes from FlaA, AlpB, SabA, and HpaA. The multi-epitope chimeric antigen, named MECU, could generate a broadly reactive antibody response including antigen-specific antibodies and neutralising antibodies against H. pylori urease and adhesins. Moreover, therapeutic immunisation with MECU could reduce H. pylori colonisation in the stomach and protect the stomach in BALB/c mice. This study not only provides promising immunotherapy to control H. pylori infection but also offers a reference for antigen engineering against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Ji
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfei Ma
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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4
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Wu S, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wei F, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13024. [PMID: 37798959 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. However, H. pylori has developed various strategies to quench the deleterious effects of ROS, including the production of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins as well as blocking the generation of oxidants. The host's inability to eliminate H. pylori infection results in persistent ROS production. Notably, excessive ROS can disrupt the intracellular signal transduction and biological processes of the host, incurring chronic inflammation and cellular damage, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Markedly, the sustained inflammatory response and oxidative stress during H. pylori infection are major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this context, we summarize the literature on H. pylori infection-induced ROS production, the strategies used by H. pylori to counteract the host response, and subsequent host damage and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangtong Wei
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Montiel-Martínez AG, Vargas-Jerónimo RY, Flores-Romero T, Moreno-Muñoz J, Bravo-Reyna CC, Luqueño-Martínez V, Contreras-Escamilla M, Zamudio-López J, Martínez-Rodríguez S, Barrán-Sánchez F, Villegas-García JC, Barrios-Payán J, Pastor AR, Palomares LA, Esquivel-Guadarrama F, Garrido E, Torres-Vega MA. Baculovirus-mediated expression of a Helicobacter pylori protein-based multiepitope hybrid gene induces a potent B cell response in mice. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152334. [PMID: 36641984 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that is present in over half of the world's population. The colonization of the stomach́s gastric mucosa by H. pylori is related to the onset of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and cancer. The estimated deaths from gastric cancer caused by this bacterial infection are in the 15,000-150,000 range. Current treatment for controlling the colonization of H. pylori includes the administration of two to four antibiotics and a gastric ATPase proton pump inhibitor. Nevertheless, the bacterium has shown increased resistance to antibiotics. Despite an extensive list of attempts to develop a vaccine, no approved vaccine against H. pylori is available. Recombinant viruses are a novel alternative for the control of primary pathogenic agents. In this work, we employed a baculovirus that carries a Thp1 transgene coding for nine H. pylori epitopes, some from the literature, and others were selected in silico from the sequence of H. pylori proteins (carbonic anhydrase, urease B subunit, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, Lpp20, Cag7, and CagL). We verified the expression of this hybrid multiepitopic protein in HeLa cells. Mice were inoculated with the recombinant baculovirus Bac-Thp1 using various administration routes: intranasal, intragastric, intramuscular, and a combination of intranasal and intragastric. We identified a strong adjuvant-independent IgG-antibody response in the serum of recombinant baculovirus-Thp1 inoculated mice, which was specific for a strain of H. pylori isolated from a human patient. The bacterium-specific IgG-antibodies were present in sera 125 days after the first vaccine administration. Also, H. pylori-specific IgA-antibodies were found in feces at 82 days after the first inoculation. A baculovirus-based vaccine for H. pylori is promising for controlling this pathogen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Montiel-Martínez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roxana Y Vargas-Jerónimo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Flores-Romero
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jaime Moreno-Muñoz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos C Bravo-Reyna
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Luqueño-Martínez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariela Contreras-Escamilla
- Departamento de Investigación Experimental y Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jovani Zamudio-López
- Departamento de Investigación Experimental y Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Barrán-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan C Villegas-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Ruth Pastor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Efraín Garrido
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Torres-Vega
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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6
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Dascălu RI, Bolocan A, Păduaru DN, Constantinescu A, Mitache MM, Stoica AD, Andronic O. Multidrug resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128497. [PMID: 36922977 PMCID: PMC10009102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a well-known human pathogen, causes one of the most common chronic bacterial infections and plays an important role in the emergence of chronic progressive gastric inflammation and a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. The prevalence of Hp infection varies worldwide and is indirectly proportional to socio-economic status, especially during childhood. The response to the eradication therapy significantly depends on the antibiotic resistance specific to each geographical region; thus, currently, given the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (especially to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin), successful treatment for Hp eradication has become a real challenge and a critical issue. The most incriminated factors associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in Hp proved to be the overuse or the improper use of antibiotics, poor medication adherence, and bacterial-related factors including efflux pumps, mutations, and biofilms. Up to 30% of first-line therapy fails due to poor patient compliance, high gastric acidity, or high bacteremia levels. Hence, it is of great importance to consider new eradication regimens such as vonoprazan-containing triple therapies, quintuple therapies, high-dose dual therapies, and standard triple therapies with probiotics, requiring further studies and thorough assessment. Strain susceptibility testing is also necessary for an optimal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Bolocan
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Nicolae Păduaru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Constantinescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anca Daniela Stoica
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Fu HW, Lai YC. The Role of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein in the Pathogenesis of H. pylori and Beyond: From a Virulence Factor to Therapeutic Targets and Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010091. [PMID: 36613542 PMCID: PMC9820732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of H. pylori, plays a role in bacterial protection and host inflammation. HP-NAP activates a variety of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, to induce their pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. This protein also induces T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, supporting that HP-NAP is able to promote gastric inflammation by activation of adaptive immune responses. Thus, HP-NAP is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. The inflammatory responses triggered by HP-NAP are mediated by a PTX-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor and Toll-like receptor 2. Drugs designed to block the interactions between HP-NAP and its receptors could alleviate the inflammation in gastric mucosa caused by H. pylori infection. In addition, HP-NAP acts as a promising therapeutic agent for vaccine development, allergy treatment, and cancer immunotherapy. The high antigenicity of HP-NAP makes this protein a component of vaccines against H. pylori infection. Due to its immunomodulatory activity to stimulate the Th1-inducing ability of dendritic cells, enhance Th1 immune response and CTL activity, and suppress Th2-mediated allergic responses, HP-NAP could also act as an adjuvant in vaccines, a drug candidate against allergic diseases, and an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer. This review highlights the role of HP-NAP in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the potential for this protein to be a therapeutic target in the treatment of H. pylori infection and therapeutic agents against H. pylori-associated diseases, allergies, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-574-2485
| | - Yu-Chang Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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8
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Tamjid N, Eskandari S, Karimi Z, Nezafat N, Negahdaripour M. Vaccinomics strategy to design an epitope peptide vaccine against Helicobacter pylori. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Zeng X, Xiong L, Wang W, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Li L, Jia C, Liao Y, Zhou J. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of Helicobacter pylori GZ7 strain isolated from China. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:923-934. [PMID: 35829852 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative pathogen as a carcinogen of the class Ι, with unique genetic diversity and wide geographic differences. The high incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia may be related to the bacterial genotype. It is of great significance that the genome of H. pylori in East Asia is widely collected. Therefore, we combined two sequencing technologies (PacBio and Illumina HiSeq 4000) and multiple databases to sequence and annotate the whole genome of H. pylori GZ7 isolated from a gastric cancer patient in Guizhou, China. Furthermore, this sequence was further compared with the genome sequence of 23 H. pylori strains isolated from different regions through collinearity comparison, specific gene analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, etc. The results showed that the genome of H. pylori GZ7 consists of 1,579,995 bp circle chromosomes with a GC content of 39.51%. This chromosome has 1,572 coding sequences, three antibiotic resistance genes, five prophages, and 198 virulence genes. The comparative genome analyses showed that H. pylori GZ7 has 53 specific genes compared to the other 23 strains. Most of these specific genes have not been annotated and characterized until now, whose research may provide insights into the biological activities of this strain. H. pylori GZ7 has the closest genetic relationship with H. pylori F30, and the farthest genetic relationship with H. pylori ELS37, which indicates that H. pylori genomes have geographical differences. This information may provide a molecular basis and guidance for constructing diagnostic methods for H. pylori and researching subsequent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Fenghuang Road 98, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- GuiZhou Cancer Hospital, Beijing Road 9, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Cencen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yonghui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 9, GuizhouGuiyang, 550004, China.
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10
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Wu J, Zhu X, Guo X, Yang Z, Cai Q, Gu D, Luo W, Yuan C, Xiang Y. Helicobacter urease suppresses cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses through activating Myh9-dependent induction of PD-L1. Int Immunol 2021; 33:491-504. [PMID: 34297096 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key virulence factor for persistent colonization, Urease B subunit (UreB) is considered to be an ideal vaccine antigen against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of UreB involved in immune microenvironment dysregulation still remains largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of UreB on macrophage activation and found that UreB induced PD-L1 accumulation on Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Co-culture assays further revealed that UreB-induced PD-L1 expression on BMDMs significantly decreased the proliferation and secretion of cytolytic molecules (granzyme B and perforin) of splenic CD8 + T cells isolated from inactivated H. pylori-immunized mice. More importantly, myosin heavy chain 9 (Myh9) was confirmed to be a direct membrane receptor of UreB via using LC-MS/MS and Co-immunoprecipitation and required for PD-L1 upregulation on BMDMs. Molecular studies further demonstrated that the interaction between UreB and Myh9 decreased GCN2 autophosphorylation and enhanced intracellular pool of amino acids, leading to the upregulation of S6K phosphorylation, a commonly used marker for monitoring activation of mTORC1 signaling activity. Furthermore, blocking mTORC1 activation with its inhibitor Temsirolimus reversed UreB-induced PD-L1 upregulation and the subsequently inhibitory effects of BMDMs on activation of cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses. Overall, our data unveil a novel immunosuppressive mechanism of UreB during H. pylori infection, which may provide valuable clue for the optimization of H. pylori vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei university of Medicine, Shiyan 442099, P.R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Ze Yang
- Blood Transfusion Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, P.R. China
| | - Qinzhen Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
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11
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Jafari E, Mahmoodi S. Design, expression, and purification of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter Pylori based on Melittin as an adjuvant. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104970. [PMID: 34022362 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter Pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium in the human stomach, causes adenocarcinoma and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma in addition to infection and gastric ulcer. With regard to Helicobacter Pylori prevalence rate and widespread, producing an effective vaccine against this bacterium appears reasonable and necessary. Today, vaccine design by immunoinformatics is a promising solution in vaccine field. In the present study, potential immunodominant CD4⁺ T cell epitopes of UreB, HpaA, and NapA antigens were selected with a focus on IFN-γ secretion inducing ability. After joining the selected epitopes with KK and GPGPG linkers, sequence of Melittin, the major active protein of honey bee venom, was put in C-terminal by DPRVPSS linker as adjuvant. After reverse translation and codon optimization, the designed vaccine was cloned into pET-23a vector. The final construct was estimated as antigenic (71 & 74%) and non-allergenic with molecular weight of 36.785KD. The instability index (II) and codon frequency distribution were predicted to be 26.5 and 92%, respectively. The pET-23a vector transformed to the E.coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The evaluation of expression by SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the optimized expression is in SOB medium 8 h after induction by 0.5 mM IPTG. Finally, purification was performed by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and Western blot analysis validated the purified protein. Future research is needed to investigate the designed vaccine efficiency against H. pylori, and also it's potential as a gastric cancer-preventive candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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12
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents one of the most widespread bacterial infections globally. Infection causes chronic gastritis and increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The pioneering discovery of H. pylori by Marshall and Warren in the early 1980s has initiated fervent research into H. pylori as a pathogen ever since. This chapter aims to provide an overview of our understanding of H. pylori infection and its management, with a focus on current options for diagnosis, the challenges associated with H. pylori eradication, and the need for alternative therapeutic strategies based on furthering our understanding of host: H. pylori interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinéad M Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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13
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Chen J, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Tang C, Zhang Y, Wei B, Chen W, Liu M. Parenteral immunization with a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) adjuvanted Helicobacter pylori vaccine induces protective immunity against H. pylori infection in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2849-2854. [PMID: 32298215 PMCID: PMC7733891 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1744364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under the trend of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori leading to the decrease of eradication rate, the development of a vaccine is the best choice to fight against H. pylori. In this study, we attempted to reduce the amounts of required antigens by using three different parenteral routes of immunization and an adjuvant cGAMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate) to enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate. The immune protection and post-challenge immune responses were assessed and compared in mice immunized with recombinant Helicobacter pylori urease A, urease B, and neutrophil-activating protein adjuvanted with cGAMP. The gastric mucosal colonization by H. pylori was significantly reduced in mice immunized by intranasal and, to a less degree, subcutaneous route, but not by intramuscular route. All immunized mice, regardless of the route of immunization, displayed significant, but comparable, increases in antigen-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses 5 weeks post-challenge. The magnitude of the vaccine-induced protection appeared to be associated with the level of antigen-specific Th1 and particularly Th17 responses, as IL-17 responses were only detected in intranasally immunized mice. Taken together, we explored and confirmed the possibility of using a novel adjuvant (cGAMP) to induce significant protective immunity with 10% of oral vaccine antigen dosage through parenteral immunization, especially intranasal immunization. This may provide an alternative approach to oral immunization for the development of effective H. pylori vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Chongfa Tang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wei
- JOINN Laboratories CA Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meiying Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Beijing, China
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14
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in induction and regulation of the immune and inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori is extremely important in determining disease outcomes. H pylori expresses a plethora of factors that influence the host response. Vaccines against H pylori are desperately needed for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis, especially with the increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes some important findings, published between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020, in the areas of H pylori-mediated inflammation, immunity and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- School of Medicine, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philippe Lehours
- UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters & Helicobacters, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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15
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Song Z, Li B, Zhang Y, Li R, Ruan H, Wu J, Liu Q. Outer Membrane Vesicles of Helicobacter pylori 7.13 as Adjuvants Promote Protective Efficacy Against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1340. [PMID: 32733396 PMCID: PMC7358646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), a gram-negative bacterium in the human stomach with global prevalence, is relevant to chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Due to its increasing drug resistance and the low protective efficacy of some anti-H. pylori vaccines, it is necessary to find a suitable adjuvant to improve antigen efficiency. In our previous study, we determined that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a multicomponent secretion generated by gram-negative bacteria, of H. pylori were safe and could induce long-term and robust immune responses against H. pylori in mice. In this study, we employed two common vaccines, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and whole cell vaccine (WCV) to assess the adjuvanticity of OMVs in mice. A standard adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT), was used as a control. Purified H. pylori OMVs used as adjuvants generated lasting anti-H. pylori resistance for 12 weeks. Additionally, both systematic and gastric mucosal immunity, as well as humoral immunity, of mice immunized with vaccine and OMVs combinations were significantly enhanced. Moreover, OMVs efficiently promoted Th1 immune response, but the response was skewed toward Th2 and Th17 immunity when compared with that induced by the CT adjuvant. Most importantly, OMVs as adjuvants enhanced the eradication of H. pylori. Thus, OMVs have potential applications as adjuvants in the development of a new generation of vaccines to treat H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Song
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Biaoxian Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Ruan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Kong J, Liang Y, Chen K, Chang Y, Yuan H, Wang Y, Liang H, Li J, Mao M, Li J, Xing G. Fullerenol Nanoparticles Eradicate Helicobacter pylori via pH-Responsive Peroxidase Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020:acsami.0c05509. [PMID: 32486636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication by antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor treatment is limited by the low pH microenvironment in the stomach and can lead to antibiotic resistance. We fabricated fullerenol nanoparticles (FNPs) with varied chemical structures responding to a pinacol rearrangement of vicinal hydroxyl to form carbonyls in low pH environments. An obvious increase in C═O/C-O was induced in low pH and was positively correlated with a peroxidase-like activity. The FNPs exerted an excellent effect on H. pylori eradication in vitro and in vivo because of their peroxidase-like activity. FNP treatment of a H. pylori biofilm revealed that FNPs broke down polysaccharides in cell wall components, resulting in collapse of the bacteria. The cycles of FNPs combining and dissociating with the peroxidase substrate were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and confirmed that FNPs enhance peroxidase-like activity. Further, the isothermal titration calorimetry results showed that FNPs with more C═O/C-O had greater affinity to bind the peroxidase substrates. Therefore, we suggest that varied C═O/C-O serves as a switch to respond to low pH in the stomach to kill H. pylori by inducing a peroxidase-like activity. FNPs can also overcome the challenge of antibiotic resistance to achieve H. pylori eradication in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Chen
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianglong Kong
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuelan Liang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Chang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yuan
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meiru Mao
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Xu C, Soyfoo DM, Wu Y, Xu S. Virulence of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins: an updated review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1821-1830. [PMID: 32557327 PMCID: PMC7299134 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with some gastric diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. CagA and VacA are known virulence factors of H. pylori, which play a vital role in severe clinical outcomes. Additionally, the expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) helps H. pylori attach to gastric epithelial cells at the primary stage and increases the virulence of H. pylori. In this review, we have summarized the paralogs of H. pylori OMPs, their genomic loci, and the different receptors of OMPs identified so far. We focused on five OMPs, BabA (HopS), SabA (HopP), OipA (HopH), HopQ, and HopZ, and one family of OMPs: Hom. We highlight the coexpression of OMPs with other virulence factors and their relationship with clinical outcomes. In conclusion, OMPs are closely related to the pathogenic processes of adhesion, colonization, persistent infection, and severe clinical consequences. They are potential targets for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori–related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Xu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Yao Wu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunfu Xu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Molecular Assessment of Resistance to Clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Patients with Dyspepsia by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in the Center of Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2304173. [PMID: 32309428 PMCID: PMC7140143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2304173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Helicobacter pylori is a common infectious bacterium mostly found in gastroduodenal diseases. The increased prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strains is a major challenge in the successful treatment of infections caused by this organism. The present study is aimed at detecting the clarithromycin resistance pattern of H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies and evaluating point mutations of the 23S rRNA gene. Patients and methods. In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, 165 patients with gastrointestinal disorders, who were referred to the Endoscopy Center of Dr. Shariati Hospital of Isfahan, Iran, were enrolled from April to July 2018. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by culture, and susceptibility of the isolates to clarithromycin was assessed by the E-test. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were obtained based on EUCAST recommendations. Also, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine point mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance. Results By using culturing, H. pylori was isolated from 50.3% (83/165) gastric biopsy specimens. The overall frequency of resistance to clarithromycin was 25.3% (21/83) by the E-test. In the resistance genotypic analysis, 19 isolates had mutations. The prevalence of A2143G and A2144G mutations was 68.4% (13/19) and 31.5% (6/19), respectively. A2143C mutation was not tracked in any isolate. Two isolates with MIC > 0.5 μg/mL had no mutations that could be related to other mechanisms of resistance. Conclusion As presented in the study, the high prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori due to point mutations of the 23S rRNA gene indicates the necessity of revising the standard treatment regimen based on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each region.
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19
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Liu M, Zhong Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Tang C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Logan SM, Chen W, Wei B. Oral immunization of mice with a multivalent therapeutic subunit vaccine protects against Helicobacter pylori infection. Vaccine 2020; 38:3031-3041. [PMID: 32139315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human class I carcinogen and no effective prophylactic or therapeutic H. pylori vaccine has yet been marketed. H. pylori can escape the host immune response, but the precise immune protection mechanisms in humans remain unknown. In this study, we developed a multivalent, subunit H. pylori vaccine candidate by formulating three commonly used H. pylori antigens, neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), urease subunit A (UreA) and subunit B (UreB) with the mucosal adjuvant, a double-mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) from Escherichia coli, and evaluated its immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. We found that oral immunization of H. pylori-infected mice significantly reduced gastric bacterial colonization at both 2 and 8 weeks after immunization. The reduction in bacterial burdens was accompanied with significantly increased serum antigen-specific IgG responses and mucosal IgA responses. Moreover, oral immunization also induced Th1/Th17 immune responses, which may play a synergistic role with the specific antibodies in the elimination of H. pylori. Thus, our vaccine candidate appears able to overcome the immune evasion mechanism of H. pylori, restore the suppression of Th2 immune responses with the induction of a strong humoral immune response. These results lay the foundation for the development of an optimized oral therapeutic H. pylori vaccine with increased immunogenicity of UreA and UreB, as well as providing long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Liu
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Chongfa Tang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Susan M Logan
- Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Bo Wei
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute (NVSI), 38 Jinghai 2nd Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China.
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20
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Moghaddam AS, Ghazvini K, Bahador A, Derakhshan M, Khaledi A. Cloning, expression, and purification of HpaA-CagA fusion recombinant protein of Helicobacter pylori in E. coli BL 21 strain. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Boyanova L, Hadzhiyski P, Kandilarov N, Markovska R, Mitov I. Multidrug resistance in Helicobacter pylori: current state and future directions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:909-915. [PMID: 31424296 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1654858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance has increased worldwide and multidrug resistance (MDR), which seriously hampers eradication success of the frequent chronic infection, has often been reported. Areas covered: H. pylori MDR rates are discussed, mostly from recent articles published since 2015. Present approaches and future directions to counteract the MDR are outlined. Expert opinion: Alarming presence of triple, quadruple and, in some studies, quintuple and sextuple resistance was detected. Primary MDR rates ranged from <10% in most European countries to >40% in Peru. Post-treatment or overall MDR rates were >23-36% in about half of the studies. MDR prevalence has varied both among and within the countries. Factors linked to the MDR are national antibiotic consumption, antibiotic misuse, treatment failures and bacterial factors such as mutations, efflux pumps, and biofilms. Important directions to counteract the MDR increase can be optimization of present and new eradication regimens, wider use of bismuth-containing regimens, assessment of benefit of vonoprazan, new antibiotics such as newer fluoroquinolones and oxazolidinone analogues, adjuvants involving N-acetylcysteine and probiotics, anti-biofilm approaches using anti-biofilm peptides and rhamnolipid and development of vaccines and non-invasive tests for resistance detection. However, more efforts and studies are required. Strain susceptibility testing is increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Boyanova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Petyo Hadzhiyski
- Specialized Hospital for Active Pediatric Treatment, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Nayden Kandilarov
- Department of General and Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Markovska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Mitov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia , Sofia , Bulgaria
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22
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Guo L, Hong D, Wang S, Zhang F, Tang F, Wu T, Chu Y, Liu H, He M, Yang H, Yin R, Liu K. Therapeutic Protection Against H. pylori Infection in Mongolian Gerbils by Oral Immunization With a Tetravalent Epitope-Based Vaccine With Polysaccharide Adjuvant. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1185. [PMID: 31191547 PMCID: PMC6546824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is an effective target for design of a therapeutic epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In our previous studies, an epitope vaccine CTB-UE containing Th and B epitopes from H. pylori urease was constructed, and the CTB-UE vaccine could provide therapeutic effect on H. pylori infection in mice. However, a multivalent vaccine, combining different antigens participating in different aspects of H. pylori colonization and pathogenesis, may be more effective as a therapeutic vaccine than a univalent vaccine targetting urease. Therefore, a multivalent epitope vaccine FVpE, containing Th1-type immune adjuvant NAP, three selected functional fragments from CagA and VacA, and an urease multi-epitope peptide (UE) from CTB-UE, was constructed in this study and expected to obtain better sterilizing immunity than the univalent epitope vaccine CTB-UE. The therapeutic effect of multivalent epitope vaccine FVpE with polysaccharide adjuvant (PA) was evaluated in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil model. The results showed that both FvpE and CTB-UE vaccine could induce similar levels of specific antibodies against H. pylori urease, and had similar inhibition effect on H. pylori urease activity. However, only FVpE could induce high levels of specific antibodies to CagA, VacA, and NAP. In addition, oral therapeutic immunization with FVpE plus PA significantly reduced the number of H. pylori colonies in the stomach of Mongolian gerbils compared with oral immunization with CTB-UE plus PA, or FVpE only, and the FVpE vaccine with PA even exhibited sterilizing immunity. The protection of FVpE was related to the mixed CD4+ T cell responses and epitope-specific antibodies against various H. pylori antigens. These results indicate that a multivalent epitope vaccine targetting various H. pylori antigens could be a promising candidate against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dantong Hong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuankui Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Center for Cell Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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23
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Sutton P, Boag JM. Status of vaccine research and development for Helicobacter pylori. Vaccine 2018; 37:7295-7299. [PMID: 29627231 PMCID: PMC6892279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is globally the third leading cause of death due to malignancy, with the bulk of this disease burden being suffered by low and middle income countries (LMIC), especially in Asia. The majority of these cancers develop as a result of a chronic gastritis that arises in response to infection with the stomach-dwelling bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. A vaccine against this pathogen would therefore be a powerful tool for preventing gastric adenocarcinoma. However, notwithstanding a proof-of-concept that vaccination can protect children from acquisition of H. pylori infection, there are currently no advanced vaccine candidates with only a single vaccine in Phase I clinical trial. Further, the development of a vaccine against H. pylori is not a current strategic priority of major pharmaceutical companies despite the large global disease burden. Given the involvement of such companies is likely to be critical for late stage development, there is therefore a need for an increased appreciation of the burden of this disease in LMIC and more investment to reinvigorate research in H. pylori vaccine Research and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Boag
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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24
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Cloning and Expression of HP0242 Hypothetical Gene as a DNA Vaccine Candidate for Helicobacter pylori and Study of Its Immunoreactivity. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.57487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Zhang R, Wang C, Cheng W, Duan G, Shi Q, Chen S, Fan Q. Delivery of Helicobacter pylori HpaA to gastrointestinal mucosal immune sites using Lactococcus lactis and its immune efficacy in mice. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:585-590. [PMID: 29299716 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a safe and effective oral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori using its HpaA protein expressed in Lactococcus lactis. RESULTS The gene encoding HpaA was obtained by PCR and ligated to pNZ8110-lysM following digestion with NaeI + SphI. The recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. coli for multiplication, and then into L. lactis. The recombinant L. lactis was induced to express HpaA, resulting in two products of 29 and 25 kDa, both of which yielded positive immunoreaction with mouse antisera against H. pylori, as confirmed by immunoblot assays. The 29 kDa product constituted 12% of the cell lysates. Oral inoculation with the engineered L. lactis evoked significantly elevated serum IgG level in mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A novel engineered L. lactis strain was developed that efficiently produces whole HpaA protein with desired antigenicity and potent immunogenicity. It provides a basis for approaches to L. lactis-delivered anti-H. pylori vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.,Henan Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingfeng Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
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