1
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Benavente MCR, Hughes HB, Kremer PG, Subedi GP, Barb AW. Inhibiting N-glycan processing increases the antibody binding affinity and effector function of human natural killer cells. Immunology 2023; 170:202-213. [PMID: 37218360 PMCID: PMC10524233 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches are required to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and increase the proportion of patients who experience a benefit. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) contributes to the efficacy of many monoclonal antibodies therapies. Natural killer (NK) cells mediate ADCC, though responses are highly variable and depend on prior treatment as well as other factors. Thus, strategies to increase NK cell activity are expected to improve multiple therapies. Both cytokine treatment and NK cell receptor engineering are being explored to increase ADCC. Post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, are widely recognized as mediators of cellular processes but minimally explored as an alternative strategy to increase ADCC. We evaluated the impact of treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of asparagine-linked (N-)glycan processing, on ADCC using primary and cultured human NK cells. We also probed affinity using binding assays and CD16a structure with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Treating primary human NK cells and cultured YTS-CD16a cells with kifunensine doubled ADCC in a CD16a-dependent manner. Kifunensine treatment also increased the antibody-binding affinity of CD16a on the NK cell surface. Structural interrogation identified a single CD16a region, proximal to the N162 glycan and the antibody-binding interface, perturbed by the N-glycan composition. The observed increase in NK cell activity following kifunensine treatment synergized with afucosylated antibodies, further increasing ADCC by an additional 33%. These results demonstrate native N-glycan processing is an important factor that limits NK cell ADCC. Furthermore, optimal antibody and CD16a glycoforms are defined that provide the greatest ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harrison B. Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Paul G. Kremer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ganesh P. Subedi
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Adam W. Barb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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2
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Jiang S, Shi H, Zhang Q, Wang ZY, Zhang Y, Zhang CY. Rolling circle transcription amplification-directed construction of tandem spinach-based fluorescent light-up biosensor for label-free sensing of β-glucosyltransferase activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115513. [PMID: 37419074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
β-glucosyltransferase (β-GT) can specifically catalyze the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) to 5-glucosylhydroxy methylcytosine (5-ghmC), and it is associated with the control of phage-specific gene expression by affecting transcription process in vivo and in vitro. The current strategies for β-GT assay usually involve expensive equipment, laborious treatment, radioactive hazard, and poor sensitivity. Here, we report a Spinach-based fluorescent light-up biosensor for label-free measurement of β-GT activity by utilizing 5-hmC glucosylation-initiated rolling circle transcription amplification (RCTA). We design a 5-hmC-modified multifunctional circular detection probe (5-hmC-MCDP) that integrates the functions of target-recognition, signal transduction, and transcription amplification in one probe. The introduction of β-GT catalyzes 5-hmC glucosylation of 5-hmC-MCDP probe, protecting the glucosylated 5-mC-MCDP probe from the cleavage by MspI. The remaining 5-hmC-MCDP probe can initiate RCTA reaction with the aid of T7 RNA polymerase, generating tandem Spinach RNA aptamers. The tandem Spinach RNA aptamers can be lightened up by fluorophore 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone, facilitating label-free measurement of β-GT activity. Notably, the high specificity of MspI-catalyzed cleavage of nonglucosylated probe can efficiently inhibit nonspecific amplification, endowing this assay with a low background. Due to the higher efficiency of RCTA than the canonical promoter-initiated RNA synthesis, the signal-to-noise ratio of RCTA is 4.6-fold higher than that of linear template-based transcription amplification. This method is capable of sensitively detecting β-GT activity with a limit of detection of 2.03 × 10-5 U/mL, and it can be used for the screening of inhibitors and determination of kinetic parameters, with great potential in epigenetic research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zi-Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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3
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Li M, Feng Y, Ma M, Kapur A, Patankar M, Li L. High-Throughput Quantitative Glycomics Enabled by 12-plex Isobaric Multiplex Labeling Reagents for Carbonyl-Containing Compound (SUGAR) Tags. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1557-1563. [PMID: 36700627 PMCID: PMC10164053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, which are widely distributed on most proteins and cell surfaces, are a class of important biomolecules playing crucial roles in various biological processes such as immune response and cellular communication. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with novel chemical probes greatly facilitates routine analysis of glycans. However, the requirement of high-throughput analysis still calls for advanced tools to be developed. Recently, we devised isobaric multiplex reagents for carbonyl-containing compound (SUGAR) tags for 4-plex N-glycan analysis. To further improve the throughput, we utilized the subtle mass differences among different isotopologues and expanded the multiplexing capacity to 12 channels, a 3-fold throughput improvement for the original SUGAR tag design and achieved high-throughput N-glycan analysis in a single LC-MS/MS injection. We then applied 12-plex SUGAR tags to profile the N-glycans in four subtypes of human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and to investigate the N-glycan changes in the endometrial cancer cells (ECC1) treated with Atovaquone, a quinone antimicrobial medication, and a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD038501.
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4
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Setting the stage for universal pharmacological targeting of the glycocalyx. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2023; 91:61-88. [PMID: 37080681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
All cells in the human body are covered by a complex meshwork of sugars as well as proteins and lipids to which these sugars are attached, collectively termed the glycocalyx. Over the past few decades, the glycocalyx has been implicated in a range of vital cellular processes in health and disease. Therefore, it has attracted considerable interest as a therapeutic target. Considering its omnipresence and its relevance for various areas of cell biology, the glycocalyx should be a versatile platform for therapeutic intervention, however, the full potential of the glycocalyx as therapeutic target is yet to unfold. This might be attributable to the fact that glycocalyx alterations are currently discussed mainly in the context of specific diseases. In this perspective review, we shift the attention away from a disease-centered view of the glycocalyx, focusing on changes in glycocalyx state. Furthermore, we survey important glycocalyx-targeted drugs currently available and finally discuss future steps. We hope that this approach will inspire a unified, holistic view of the glycocalyx in disease, helping to stimulate novel glycocalyx-targeted therapy strategies.
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5
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Negi G, Sharma A, Dey M, Dhanawat G, Parveen N. Membrane attachment and fusion of HIV-1, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2: resolving the mechanisms with biophysical methods. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1109-1140. [PMID: 36249860 PMCID: PMC9552142 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment to and fusion with cell membranes are two major steps in the replication cycle of many human viruses. We focus on these steps for three enveloped viruses, i.e., HIV-1, IAVs, and SARS-CoV-2. Viral spike proteins drive the membrane attachment and fusion of these viruses. Dynamic interactions between the spike proteins and membrane receptors trigger their specific attachment to the plasma membrane of host cells. A single virion on cell membranes can engage in binding with multiple receptors of the same or different types. Such dynamic and multivalent binding of these viruses result in an optimal attachment strength which in turn leads to their cellular entry and membrane fusion. The latter process is driven by conformational changes of the spike proteins which are also class I fusion proteins, providing the energetics of membrane tethering, bending, and fusion. These viruses exploit cellular and membrane factors in regulating the conformation changes and membrane processes. Herein, we describe the major structural and functional features of spike proteins of the enveloped viruses including highlights on their structural dynamics. The review delves into some of the case studies in the literature discussing the findings on multivalent binding, membrane hemifusion, and fusion of these viruses. The focus is on applications of biophysical tools with an emphasis on single-particle methods for evaluating mechanisms of these processes at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Negi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Manorama Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Garvita Dhanawat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Nagma Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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6
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Almahayni K, Spiekermann M, Fiore A, Yu G, Pedram K, Möckl L. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycosylation. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100108. [PMID: 36467541 PMCID: PMC9713294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental biopolymers encountered in living systems. Compared to polynucleotide and polypeptide biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis is a uniquely combinatorial process to which interdependent enzymes with seemingly broad specificities contribute. The resulting intracellular cell surface, and secreted glycans play key roles in health and disease, from embryogenesis to cancer progression. The study and modulation of glycans in cell and organismal biology is aided by small molecule inhibitors of the enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this review, we survey the arsenal of currently available inhibitors, focusing on agents which have been independently validated in diverse systems. We highlight the utility of these inhibitors and drawbacks to their use, emphasizing the need for innovation for basic research as well as for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Almahayni
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Spiekermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fiore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA,Corresponding authors.
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding authors.
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7
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Role of HSPGs in Systemic Bacterial Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34626410 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are at the forefront of host-microbe interactions. Cell surface HSPGs are thought to promote infection as attachment and internalization receptors for many bacterial pathogens and as soluble inhibitors of host immunity when released from the cell surface by ectodomain shedding. However, the importance of HSPG-pathogen interactions in vivo has yet to be clearly established. Here we describe several representative methods to study the role of HSPGs in systemic bacterial infections, such as bacteremia and sepsis. The overall experimental strategy is to use mouse models to establish the physiological significance of HSPGs, to determine the identity of HSPGs that specifically promote infection, and to define key structural features of HSPGs that enhance bacterial virulence in systemic infections.
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8
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Localization of synthetic glycolipids in the cell and the dynamics of their insertion/loss. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183645. [PMID: 34019901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the cell surface with synthetic glycolipids opens up a wide range of possibilities for studying the function of glycolipids. Synthetic glycolipids called Function-Spacer-Lipids (FSL; where F is a glycan or label, S is a spacer, and L is dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine) easily and controllably modify the membrane of a living cells. This current study investigates the dynamics and mechanism of the FSL insertion and release/loss. FSL insert into the cell membrane (~1 million molecules per cell) within tens of minutes, almost regardless of the nature of the cells (including the thickness of their glycocalyx) and the size of the FSL glycan. FSLs do not accumulate uniformly, but instead form patches >300 nm in size either entrapped in the glycocalyx, or integrated in the plane of the plasma membrane, but always outside the cell rafts. The natural release (loss) of FSL from the modified cell was two orders of magnitude slower than attachment/insertion and occurred mainly in the form of released microvesicles with a size of 140 ± 5 nm. The accumulation of FSL as patches in the cell membrane is similar to the coalescence of natural glycosphingolipids and supports (along with their long residence time in the membrane) the use of FSL as probes for the study of glycosphingolipid-protein interactions.
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9
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Kaur K, Arti S, Banipal TS, Banipal PK. Interactional behavior of saccharides/derivatives with amoxicillin drug in aqueous medium: Insights from volumetric, calorimetric and spectroscopic studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Mutlu EC, Bahadori F, Bostan MS, Sarilmiser HK, ToksoyOner E, Eroğlu MS. Halomonas levan-coated phospholipid based nano-carrier for active targeting of A549 lung cancer cells. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Faria-Ramos I, Poças J, Marques C, Santos-Antunes J, Macedo G, Reis CA, Magalhães A. Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans: (Un)Expected Allies in Cancer Clinical Management. Biomolecules 2021; 11:136. [PMID: 33494442 PMCID: PMC7911160 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era when cancer glycobiology research is exponentially growing, we are witnessing a progressive translation of the major scientific findings to the clinical practice with the overarching aim of improving cancer patients' management. Many mechanistic cell biology studies have demonstrated that heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans are key molecules responsible for several molecular and biochemical processes, impacting extracellular matrix properties and cellular functions. HS can interact with a myriad of different ligands, and therefore, hold a pleiotropic role in regulating the activity of important cellular receptors and downstream signalling pathways. The aberrant expression of HS glycan chains in tumours determines main malignant features, such as cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we devote particular attention to HS biological activities, its expression profile and modulation in cancer. Moreover, we highlight HS clinical potential to improve both diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, either as HS-based biomarkers or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Faria-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Poças
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Santos-Antunes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Thomas D, Rathinavel AK, Radhakrishnan P. Altered glycosylation in cancer: A promising target for biomarkers and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188464. [PMID: 33157161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a well-regulated cell and microenvironment specific post-translational modification. Several glycosyltransferases and glycosidases orchestrate the addition of defined glycan structures on the proteins and lipids. Recent advances and systemic approaches in glycomics have significantly contributed to a better understanding of instrumental roles of glycans in health and diseases. Emerging research evidence recognized aberrantly glycosylated proteins as the modulators of the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas has identified alterations in the expressions of glycosylation-specific genes that are correlated with cancer progression. However, the mechanistic basis remains poorly explored. Recent researches have shown that specific changes in the glycan structures are associated with 'stemness' and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Moreover, epigenetic changes in the glycosylation pattern make the tumor cells capable of escaping immunosurveillance mechanisms. The deciphering roles of glycans in cancer emphasize that glycans can serve as a source for the development of novel clinical biomarkers. The ability of glycans in intervening various stages of tumor progression and the biosynthetic pathways involved in glycan structures constitute a promising target for cancer therapy. Advances in the knowledge of innovative strategies for identifying the mechanisms of glycan-binding proteins are hoped to hold great potential in cancer therapy. This review discusses the fundamental role of glycans in regulating tumorigenesis and tumor progression and provides insights into the influence of glycans in the current tactics of targeted therapies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Rathinavel
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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13
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Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Czerwinski M. How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:941-969. [PMID: 32363402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Wang H, Li X, Wang X, Liu D, Zhang X, Cao W, Zheng Y, Guo Z, Li D, Xing W, Hou H, Wu L, Song M, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Tan X, Lauc G, Wang W. Next-Generation (Glycomic) Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Health: A Community-Based Study of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycans in a Chinese Han Population. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:649-659. [PMID: 31313980 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common complex trait that calls for next-generation biomarkers for precision diagnostics and therapeutics. The most common type of post-translational protein modification involves glycosylation. Glycans participate in key intercellular and intracellular functions, such as protein quality control, cell adhesion, cell-cell recognition, signal transduction, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. In this context, immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycans affect the anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses of IgG, and are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as aging, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Yet, the role of such glycomic biomarkers requires evaluation in diverse world populations. We report here original observations on association of IgG N-glycan biosignatures with 15 cardiometabolic risk factors in a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 701 Chinese Han participants. After controlling for age and sex, we found that the 16, 21, and 18 IgG N-glycan traits were significantly different in participants with and without metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, or abdominal obesity, respectively. The canonical correlation analysis showed that IgG N-glycan profiles were significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (r = 0.469, p < 0.001). Classification models based on IgG N-glycan traits were able to differentiate participants with (1) metabolic syndrome, (2) hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, or (3) abdominal obesity from controls, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.632 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.574-0.691, p < 0.001), 0.659 (95% CI, 0.587-0.730, p < 0.001), and 0.610 (95% CI, 0.565-0.656, p < 0.001), respectively. These new data suggest that IgG N-glycans may play an important role in cardiometabolic disease pathogenesis by regulating the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses of IgG. Looking into the future, IgG N-glycan biosignatures warrant further research in other world population samples with a view to applications in clinical cardiology and public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Xueqing Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Zheng
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Weijia Xing
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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15
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Gao Z, Ovchinnikova OG, Huang BS, Liu F, Williams DE, Andersen RJ, Lowary TL, Whitfield C, Withers SG. High-Throughput “FP-Tag” Assay for the Identification of Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2201-2204. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Olga G. Ovchinnikova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bo-Shun Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Chris Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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16
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Wang SS, Gao X, Solar VD, Yu X, Antonopoulos A, Friedman AE, Matich EK, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Nasirikenari M, Lau JT, Dell A, Haslam SM, Laine RA, Matta KL, Neelamegham S. Thioglycosides Are Efficient Metabolic Decoys of Glycosylation that Reduce Selectin Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1519-1532.e5. [PMID: 30344053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic decoys are synthetic analogs of naturally occurring biosynthetic acceptors. These compounds divert cellular biosynthetic pathways by acting as artificial substrates that usurp the activity of natural enzymes. While O-linked glycosides are common, they are only partially effective even at millimolar concentrations. In contrast, we report that N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) incorporated into various thioglycosides robustly truncate cell surface N- and O-linked glycan biosynthesis at 10-100 μM concentrations. The >10-fold greater inhibition is in part due to the resistance of thioglycosides to hydrolysis by intracellular hexosaminidases. The thioglycosides reduce β-galactose incorporation into lactosamine chains, cell surface sialyl Lewis-X expression, and leukocyte rolling on selectin substrates including inflamed endothelial cells under fluid shear. Treatment of granulocytes with thioglycosides prior to infusion into mouse inhibited neutrophil homing to sites of acute inflammation and bone marrow by ∼80%-90%. Overall, thioglycosides represent an easy to synthesize class of efficient metabolic inhibitors or decoys. They reduce N-/O-linked glycan biosynthesis and inflammatory leukocyte accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Shiuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- TumorEnd LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, 340 East Parker Drive, Suite 246, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Virginia Del Solar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Clinical & Translational Research Center and State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xinheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Eryn K Matich
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Mehrab Nasirikenari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph T Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roger A Laine
- TumorEnd LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, 340 East Parker Drive, Suite 246, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Khushi L Matta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; TumorEnd LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, 340 East Parker Drive, Suite 246, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Clinical & Translational Research Center and State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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17
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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18
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Everest-Dass AV, Moh ESX, Ashwood C, Shathili AMM, Packer NH. Human disease glycomics: technology advances enabling protein glycosylation analysis - part 1. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:165-182. [PMID: 29285957 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1421946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein glycosylation is recognized as an important post-translational modification, with specific substructures having significant effects on protein folding, conformation, distribution, stability and activity. However, due to the structural complexity of glycans, elucidating glycan structure-function relationships is demanding. The fine detail of glycan structures attached to proteins (including sequence, branching, linkage and anomericity) is still best analysed after the glycans are released from the purified or mixture of glycoproteins (glycomics). The technologies currently available for glycomics are becoming streamlined and standardized and many features of protein glycosylation can now be determined using instruments available in most protein analytical laboratories. Areas covered: This review focuses on the current glycomics technologies being commonly used for the analysis of the microheterogeneity of monosaccharide composition, sequence, branching and linkage of released N- and O-linked glycans that enable the determination of precise glycan structural determinants presented on secreted proteins and on the surface of all cells. Expert commentary: Several emerging advances in these technologies enabling glycomics analysis are discussed. The technological and bioinformatics requirements to be able to accurately assign these precise glycan features at biological levels in a disease context are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Abdulrahman M M Shathili
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
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19
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Ghiselli G. Drug-Mediated Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:1051-1094. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ghiselli
- Glyconova Srl; Parco Scientifico Silvano Fumero; Via Ribes 5 Colleretto Giacosa, (TO) Italy
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20
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Glycosylation: a hallmark of cancer? Glycoconj J 2016; 34:147-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Szabo R, Skropeta D. Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:219-270. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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22
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Akinkuolie AO, Glynn RJ, Padmanabhan L, Ridker PM, Mora S. Circulating N-Linked Glycoprotein Side-Chain Biomarker, Rosuvastatin Therapy, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: An Analysis From the JUPITER Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003822. [PMID: 27413042 PMCID: PMC5015410 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GlycA, a novel protein glycan biomarker of N-acetyl side chains of acute-phase proteins, was recently associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy women. Whether GlycA predicts CVD events in the setting of statin therapy in men and women without CVD but with evidence of chronic inflammation is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In the Justfication for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial (NCT00239681), participants with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥2 mg/L were randomized to rosuvastatin 20 mg/day or placebo. GlycA was quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 12 527 before randomization and 10 039 participants at 1 year. A total of 310 first primary CVD events occurred during maximum follow-up of 5.0 years (median, 1.9). GlycA changed minimally after 1 year on study treatment: 6.8% and 4.7% decrease in the rosuvastatin and placebo groups, respectively. Overall, baseline GlycA levels were associated with increased risk of CVD: multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per SD increment, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.08-1.34; P=0.0006). After additionally adjusting for hsCRP, this was slightly attenuated (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.35; P=0.01). On-treatment GlycA levels were also associated with CVD; corresponding multivariable-adjusted HRs per SD before and after additionally adjusting for hsCRP: 1.27 (95% CI, 1.13-1.42; P<0.0001) and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.07-1.44; P=0.004), respectively. Tests for heterogeneity by treatment arm were not significant (P for interaction, >0.20). CONCLUSION In the JUPITER trial, increased levels of GlycA were associated with an increased risk of CVD events independent of traditional risk factors and hsCRP. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde O Akinkuolie
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Latha Padmanabhan
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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23
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Ghiselli G, Maccarana M. Drugs affecting glycosaminoglycan metabolism. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1162-9. [PMID: 27217160 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are charged polysaccharides ubiquitously present at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. GAGs are crucial for cellular homeostasis, and their metabolism is altered during pathological processes. However, little consideration has been given to the regulation of the GAG milieu through pharmacological interventions. In this review, we provide a classification of small molecules affecting GAG metabolism based on their mechanism of action. Furthermore, we present evidence to show that clinically approved drugs affect GAG metabolism and that this could contribute to their therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ghiselli
- Glyconova Srl, Parco Scientifico Silvano Fumero, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy.
| | - Marco Maccarana
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center C12, Lund University, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Vajaria BN, Patel KR, Begum R, Patel PS. Sialylation: an Avenue to Target Cancer Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:443-7. [PMID: 26685886 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis and metastasis are frequently associated with altered structure and expression of oligosaccharides on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. The expression of sialylated glycoconjugates has been shown to change during development, differentiation, disease and oncogenic transformation. Abnormal sialylation in cancer cell is a distinctive feature associated with malignant properties including invasiveness and metastatic potential. The alterations in sialylation is accompanied by changes in sialic acid, sialidase activity, sialyltransferase (ST) activity or sialoproteins. The present review summarizes the reports on alterations of sialic acid, linkage specific STs and sialoproteins, sialidase activity together with different subtypes of ST and sialidases mRNA expressions in various cancers like lung, breast, oral, cervical, ovarian, pancreatic etc. Sialic acids are widely distributed in nature as terminal sugars of oligosaccharides attached to proteins or lipids. The increase shedding of sialic acid observed in malignant tumors may be due to different types of sialidases. The amount of sialic acid is governed by levels of sialidases and STs. Various types of STs are also involved in formation of different types sialylated tumor associated carbohydrate antigens which plays important role in metastasis. The alterations associated with sialylation aids in early diagnosis, prognosis and post treatment monitoring in various cancers. Recently newer drugs targeting different interplays of sialylation have been developed, which might have profound effect in inhibiting sialylation and thus cancer metastasis and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhairavi N Vajaria
- Biochemistry Research Division, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380 016, India
| | - Kinjal R Patel
- Biochemistry Research Division, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380 016, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Biochemistry Research Division, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380 016, India.
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25
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Wang B, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Direct C–H Trifluoromethylation of Glycals by Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:5698-701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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26
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Sialyltransferase7A, a Klf4-responsive gene, promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:28. [PMID: 25860962 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one major cause of heart failure through its induction of cardiomyocyte death. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with MI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the context of sialylation of heart are not yet understood. In this study, we found that sialyltransferase7A (Siat7A), one of the members of sialyltransferase family, was significantly increased in the ischemic myocardium, as well as in the human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 under hypoxic condition. The Sialyl-Tn antigen (Neu5Acα2-6GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr) synthesized by Siat7A also increased in the AC16 cardiomyocytes following hypoxic stimulus. Increased Siat7A promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The knockdown of Siat7A expression reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in both of vivo and vitro. Furthermore, the decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) activity was involved in the Siat7A-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, we showed that Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), one of the transcription factors, specifically bound to the Siat7A promoter by ChIP assays. Deletion and mutagenesis analysis identified that Klf4 could transactivate the Siat7A promoter region (nt -655 to -636 bp). The upregulated Siat7A expression, which was paralleled by the increased Klf4 in the ischemic myocardium, contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our study suggests Siat7A could be a valuable target for developing treatments for MI patients.
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27
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been shown to bind to a wide variety of microbial pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi in vitro. GAGs are thought to promote pathogenesis by facilitating pathogen attachment, invasion, or evasion of host defense mechanisms. However, the role of GAGs in infectious disease has not been extensively studied in vivo and therefore their pathophysiological significance and functions are largely unknown. Here we describe methods to directly investigate the role of GAGs in infections in vivo using mouse models of bacterial lung and corneal infection. The overall experimental strategy is to establish the importance and specificity of GAGs, define the essential structural features of GAGs, and identify a biological activity of GAGs that promotes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Jinno
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Enders-461, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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28
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Shi HH, Goudar CT. Recent advances in the understanding of biological implications and modulation methodologies of monoclonal antibody N-linked high mannose glycans. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1907-19. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Shi
- First Year Medical Student at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine; Process & Product Development; Amgen Inc.; One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320
| | - Chetan T. Goudar
- First Year Medical Student at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine; Process & Product Development; Amgen Inc.; One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320
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29
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Caillaud C. Principes des approches thérapeutiques pour les mucopolysaccharidoses. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21 Suppl 1:S39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)72258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Yoon H, Cho KS, Sim T. Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine using a chiral aziridine based approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Adaptive immune activation: glycosylation does matter. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 9:776-84. [PMID: 24231619 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II are glycoproteins that can present antigenic peptides at the cell surface for recognition and activation of circulating T lymphocytes. Here, the importance of the modification of protein antigens by glycans on cellular uptake, proteolytic processing, presentation by MHC and subsequent T-cell priming is reviewed. Antigen glycosylation is important for a number of diseases and vaccine design. All of the key proteins involved in antigen recognition and the orchestration of downstream effector functions are glycosylated. The influence of protein glycosylation on immune function and disease is covered.
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32
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Hudak JE, Bertozzi CR. Glycotherapy: new advances inspire a reemergence of glycans in medicine. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:16-37. [PMID: 24269151 PMCID: PMC4111574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of the 20(th) century marked the dawn of modern medicine with glycan-based therapies at the forefront. However, glycans quickly became overshadowed as DNA- and protein-focused treatments became readily accessible. The recent development of new tools and techniques to study and produce structurally defined carbohydrates has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. This review focuses on advances within the past decade that are bringing glycan-based treatments back to the forefront of medicine and the technologies that are driving these efforts. These include the use of glycans themselves as therapeutic molecules as well as engineering protein and cell surface glycans to suit clinical applications. Glycan therapeutics offer a rich and promising frontier for developments in the academic, biopharmaceutical, and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Hudak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Tedaldi L, Wagner GK. Beyond substrate analogues: new inhibitor chemotypes for glycosyltransferases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New inhibitor chemotypes for glycosyltransferases, which are not structurally derived from either donor or acceptor substrate, are being reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tedaldi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | - Gerd K. Wagner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- King's College London
- London
- UK
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34
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Tedaldi L, Evitt A, Göös N, Jiang J, Wagner GK. A practical glycosyltransferase assay for the identification of new inhibitor chemotypes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple, colorimetric assay protocol for the identification and evaluation of galactosyltransferase inhibitors is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tedaldi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Andrew Evitt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Niina Göös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Jingqian Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Gerd K. Wagner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural & Mathematical Sciences
- King's College London
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Wang S, Cuesta-Seijo JA, Lafont D, Palcic MM, Vidal S. Design of glycosyltransferase inhibitors: pyridine as a pyrophosphate surrogate. Chemistry 2013; 19:15346-57. [PMID: 24108680 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of ten glycosyltransferase inhibitors has been designed and synthesized by using pyridine as a pyrophosphate surrogate. The series was prepared by conjugation of carbohydrate, pyridine, and nucleoside building blocks by using a combination of glycosylation, the Staudinger-Vilarrasa amide-bond formation, and azide-alkyne click chemistry. The compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of five metal-dependent galactosyltransferases. Crystallographic analyses of three inhibitors complexed in the active site of one of the enzymes confirmed that the pyridine moiety chelates the Mn(2+) ion causing a slight displacement (2 Å) from its original position. The carbohydrate head group occupies a different position than in the natural uridine diphosphate (UDP)-Gal substrate with little interaction with the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Glycochimie, UMR 5246, CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 6922 Villeurbanne (France), Fax: (+33) 472-448-109
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Meijer OLM, van Vlies N, Wijburg FA. Treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome). Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2013. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2013.830069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga LM Meijer
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre ‘Sphinx', Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;
| | - Naomi van Vlies
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre ‘Sphinx', Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Lab Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre ‘Sphinx', Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;
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Chandrasekaran A, Deng K, Koh CY, Takasuka T, Bergeman LF, Fox BG, Adams PD, Singh AK. A universal flow cytometry assay for screening carbohydrate-active enzymes using glycan microspheres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5441-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Bachert C, Linstedt AD. A sensor of protein O-glycosylation based on sequential processing in the Golgi apparatus. Traffic 2012; 14:47-56. [PMID: 23046148 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-glycosylation is important in numerous processes including the regulation of proteolytic processing sites by O-glycan masking in select newly synthesized proteins. To investigate O-glycan-mediated masking using an assay amenable to large-scale screens, we generated a fluorescent biosensor with an O-glycosylation site situated to mask a furin cleavage site. The sensor is activated when O-glycosylation fails to occur because furin cleavage releases a blocking domain allowing dye binding to a fluorogen activating protein. Thus, by design, glycosylation should block furin from activating the sensor only if it occurs first, which is predicted by the conventional view of Golgi organization. Indeed, and in contrast to the recently proposed rapid partitioning model, the sensor was non-fluorescent under normal conditions but became fluorescent when the Golgi complex was decompartmentalized. To test the utility of the sensor as a screening tool, cells expressing the sensor were exposed to a known inhibitor of O-glycosylation extension or siRNAs targeting factors known to alter glycosylation efficiency. These conditions activated the sensor substantiating its potential in identifying new inhibitors and cellular factors related to protein O-glycosylation. In summary, these findings confirm sequential processing in the Golgi, establish a new tool for studying the regulation of proteolytic processing by O-glycosylation, and demonstrate the sensor's potential usefulness for future screening projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Bachert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Rillahan CD, Antonopoulos A, Lefort CT, Sonon R, Azadi P, Ley K, Dell A, Haslam SM, Paulson JC. Global metabolic inhibitors of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases remodel the glycome. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:661-8. [PMID: 22683610 PMCID: PMC3427410 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental roles of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in mammalian physiology, there are few pharmacological tools to manipulate their function in a cellular setting. Although fluorinated analogs of the donor substrates are well-established transition state inhibitors of these enzymes, they are not membrane permeable. By exploiting promiscuous monosaccharide salvage pathways, we show that fluorinated analogs of sialic acid and fucose can be taken up and metabolized to the desired donor substrate-based inhibitors inside the cell. Because of the existence of metabolic feedback loops, they also act to prevent the de novo synthesis of the natural substrates, resulting in a global, family-wide shutdown of sialyl- and/or fucosyltransferases and remodeling of cell-surface glycans. As an example of the functional consequences, the inhibitors substantially reduce expression of the sialylated and fucosylated ligand sialyl Lewis X on myeloid cells, resulting in loss of selectin binding and impaired leukocyte rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D. Rillahan
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Aristotelis Antonopoulos
- Division of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences mperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Craig T. Lefort
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology Division of Inflammation Biology La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Roberto Sonon
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology Division of Inflammation Biology La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences mperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Division of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences mperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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41
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Stocker BL, Win-Mason AL, Timmer MS. I2-mediated carbamate annulation: scope and application in the synthesis of azasugars. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Yun H, Kim J, Sim J, Lee S, Han YT, Chang DJ, Kim DD, Suh YG. Asymmetric Syntheses of 1-Deoxy-6,8a-di-epi-castanospermine and 1-Deoxy-6-epi-castanospermine. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5389-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300309z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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43
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Fang T, Mo KF, Boons GJ. Stereoselective assembly of complex oligosaccharides using anomeric sulfonium ions as glycosyl donors. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7545-52. [PMID: 22475263 DOI: 10.1021/ja3018187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of selectively protected monosaccharide building blocks that can reliably be glycosylated with a wide variety of acceptors is expected to make oligosaccharide synthesis a more routine operation. In particular, there is an urgent need for the development of modular building blocks that can readily be converted into glycosyl donors for glycosylations that give reliably high 1,2-cis-anomeric selectivity. We report here that 1,2-oxathiane ethers are stable under acidic, basic, and reductive conditions making it possible to conduct a wide range of protecting group manipulations and install selectively removable protecting groups such as levulinoyl (Lev) ester, fluorenylmethyloxy (Fmoc)- and allyloxy (Alloc)-carbonates, and 2-methyl naphthyl ethers (Nap). The 1,2-oxathiane ethers could easily be converted into bicyclic anomeric sulfonium ions by oxidization to sulfoxides and arylated with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. The resulting sulfonium ions gave high 1,2-cis-anomeric selectivity when glycosylated with a wide variety of glycosyl acceptors including properly protected amino acids, primary and secondary sugar alcohols and partially protected thioglycosides. The selective protected 1,2-oxathianes were successfully employed in the preparation of a branched glucoside derived from a glycogen-like polysaccharide isolated form the fungus Pseudallescheria boydii , which is involved in fungal phagocytosis and activation of innate immune responses. The compound was assembled by a latent-active glycosylation strategy in which an oxathiane was employed as an acceptor in a glycosylation with a sulfoxide donor. The product of such a glycosylation was oxidized to a sulfoxide for a subsequent glycosylation. The use of Nap and Fmoc as temporary protecting groups made it possible to install branching points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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44
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Descroix K, Pesnot T, Yoshimura Y, Gehrke SS, Wakarchuk W, Palcic MM, Wagner GK. Inhibition of galactosyltransferases by a novel class of donor analogues. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2015-24. [PMID: 22356319 DOI: 10.1021/jm201154p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galactosyltransferases (GalT) are important molecular targets in a range of therapeutic areas, including infection, inflammation, and cancer. GalT inhibitors are therefore sought after as potential lead compounds for drug discovery. We have recently discovered a new class of GalT inhibitors with a novel mode of action. In this publication, we describe a series of analogues which provide insights, for the first time, into SAR for this new mode of GalT inhibition. We also report that a new C-glycoside, designed as a chemically stable analogue of the most potent inhibitor in this series, retains inhibitory activity against a panel of GalTs. Initial results from cellular studies suggest that despite their polarity, these sugar-nucleotides are taken up by HL-60 cells. Results from molecular modeling studies with a representative bacterial GalT provide a rationale for the differences in bioactivity observed in this series. These findings may provide a blueprint for the rational development of new GalT inhibitors with improved potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Descroix
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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45
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Prolonged exposure to a Mer ligand in leukemia: Gas6 favors expression of a partial Mer glycoform and reveals a novel role for Mer in the nucleus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31635. [PMID: 22363695 PMCID: PMC3282750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mer tyrosine kinase is ectopically expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and associated with enhanced chemoresistance and disease progression. While such effects are generally ascribed to increased engagement of oncogenic pathways downstream of Mer stimulation by its ligand, Gas6, Mer has not been characterized beyond the scope of its signaling activity. The present study explores Mer behavior following prolonged exposure to Gas6, a context similar to the Gas6-enriched microenvironment of the bone marrow, where a steady supply of ligand facilitates continuous engagement of Mer and likely sustains the presence of leukemic cells. Long-term Gas6 exposure induced production of a partially N-glycosylated form of Mer from newly synthesized stores of protein. Preferential expression of the partial Mer glycoform was associated with diminished levels of Mer on the cell surface and altered Mer localization within the nuclear-soluble and chromatin-bound fractions. The presence of Mer in the nucleus is a novel finding for this receptor, and the glycoform-specific preferences observed in each nuclear compartment suggest that glycosylation may influence Mer function within particular subcellular locales. Previous studies have established Mer as an attractive cancer biologic target, and understanding the complexity of its activity has important implications for potential strategies of Mer inhibition in leukemia therapy. Our results identify several novel features of Mer that expand the breadth of its functions and impact the development of therapeutic modalities designed to target Mer.
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46
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Zandberg WF, Gao N, Kumarasamy J, Lehrman MA, Seidah NG, Pinto BM. 5-thiomannosides block the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides and mimic class I congenital disorders of glycosylation. Chembiochem 2012; 13:392-401. [PMID: 22262650 PMCID: PMC3433809 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In a cell-based assay for novel inhibitors, we have discovered that two glycosides of 5-thiomannose, each containing an interglycosidic nitrogen atom, prevented the correct zymogen processing of the prohormone proopiomelanocortinin (POMC) and the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) in mouse pituitary cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, respectively. In the case of SREBP-2, these effects were correlated with the altered N-linked glycosylation of subtilisin/kexin-like isozyme-1 (SKI-1), the protease responsible for SREBP-2 processing under sterol-limiting conditions. Further examination of the effects of these compounds in CHO cells showed that they cause extensive protein hypoglycosylation in a manner similar to type I congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) since the remaining N-glycans in treated cells were complete (normal) structures. The under-glycosylation of glycoproteins in 5-thiomannoside-treated cells is now shown to be caused by the compromised biosynthesis of the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide (DLO) N-glycosylation donor, although the nucleotide sugars required for the synthesis of DLOs were neither reduced under these conditions, nor were their effects reversed upon the addition of exogenous mannose. Analysis of DLO intermediates by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis demonstrated that 5-thiomannose-containing glycosides block DLO biosynthesis most likely at a stage prior to the GlcNAc(2) Man(3) intermediate, on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Ningguo Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-9041
| | | | - Mark A Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-9041
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - B Mario Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
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47
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A neutral diphosphate mimic crosslinks the active site of human O-GlcNAc transferase. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 8:72-7. [PMID: 22082911 PMCID: PMC3241908 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (Gtfs) catalyze the formation of a diverse array of glycoconjugates. Small molecule inhibitors to manipulate Gtf activity in cells have long been sought as tools to understand Gtf function. Success has been limited due to challenges in designing inhibitors that mimic the negatively-charged diphosphate substrates. Here we report the mechanism of action of a small molecule that inhibits O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an essential human enzyme that modulates cell signaling pathways by catalyzing a unique intracellular post translational modification, β-O-GlcNAcylation. The molecule contains a five heteroatom dicarbamate core that functions as a neutral diphosphate mimic. One dicarbamate carbonyl reacts with an essential active site lysine that anchors the diphosphate of the nucleotide-sugar substrate. The lysine adduct reacts again with a nearby cysteine to crosslink the OGT active site. While this unprecedented mechanism reflects the unique architecture of the OGT active site, related dicarbamate scaffolds may inhibit other enzymes that bind diphosphate containing substrates.
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48
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Harrison JA, Kartha KPR, Fournier EJL, Lowary TL, Malet C, Nilsson UJ, Hindsgaul O, Schenkman S, Naismith JH, Field RA. Probing the acceptor substrate binding site of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase with systematically modified substrates and glycoside libraries. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1653-60. [PMID: 21253654 PMCID: PMC3315775 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systematically modified octyl galactosides and octyl N-acetyllactosamines were assessed as inhibitors of, and substrates for, T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) in the context of exploring its acceptor substrate binding site. These studies show that TcTS, which catalyses the α-(2→3)-sialylation of non-reducing terminal β-galactose residues, is largely intolerant of substitution of the galactose 2 and 4 positions whereas substitution of the galactose 6 position is well tolerated. Further studies show that even the addition of a bulky sugar residue (glucose, galactose) does not impact negatively on TcTS binding and turnover, which highlights the potential of 'internal' 6-substituted galactose residues to serve as TcTS acceptor substrates. Results from screening a 93-membered thiogalactoside library highlight a number of structural features (notably imidazoles and indoles) that are worthy of further investigation in the context of TcTS inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Harrison
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK KY16 9ST
| | - K. P. Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector 67 , SAS Nagar , Punjab 160 062 , India
| | - Eric J. L. Fournier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Carles Malet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-22100 , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ole Hindsgaul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
- Carlsberg Laboratory , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10 , Valby-Copenhagen , DK-2500 , Denmark
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Department of Microbiology , Immunology and Parasitology , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Rua Botucatu 862 8 andar , 04023-062 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - James H. Naismith
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK KY16 9ST
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich , UK NR4 7TJ .
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Boons GJ. Liposomes modified by carbohydrate ligands can target B cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 9:1251-6. [PMID: 21087105 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Chen WC, Completo GC, Sigal DS, Crocker PR, Saven A, Paulson JC. In vivo targeting of B-cell lymphoma with glycan ligands of CD22. Blood 115(23), 4778-4786 (2010). A strategy has been developed to deliver selectively chemotherapeutic drugs to B cells by employing doxorubicin-loaded liposomes modified by a ligand for the B-cell-specific cell-surface protein CD22, also known as Siglec-2. The liposomes bound in a rapid and saturable manner to the human Burkitt lymphoma Daudi B-cell line and exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo compared with similar untargeted liposomes. The CD22-targeted liposome bound to B cells isolated from lymphoma patients and although binding was proportional to CD22 expression on the cell surface, low levels of expression on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were sufficient to effect cell neutralization. The glycan-based strategy for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents may provide a new strategy for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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50
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Lauc G, Essafi A, Huffman JE, Hayward C, Knežević A, Kattla JJ, Polašek O, Gornik O, Vitart V, Abrahams JL, Pučić M, Novokmet M, Redžić I, Campbell S, Wild SH, Borovečki F, Wang W, Kolčić I, Zgaga L, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Hastie ND, Campbell H, Rudd PM, Rudan I. Genomics meets glycomics-the first GWAS study of human N-Glycome identifies HNF1α as a master regulator of plasma protein fucosylation. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001256. [PMID: 21203500 PMCID: PMC3009678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of all proteins are glycosylated, and alterations in glycosylation have been observed in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Attached glycans significantly affect protein function; but, contrary to polypeptides, they are not directly encoded by genes, and the complex processes that regulate their assembly are poorly understood. A novel approach combining genome-wide association and high-throughput glycomics analysis of 2,705 individuals in three population cohorts showed that common variants in the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α (HNF1α) and fucosyltransferase genes FUT6 and FUT8 influence N-glycan levels in human plasma. We show that HNF1α and its downstream target HNF4α regulate the expression of key fucosyltransferase and fucose biosynthesis genes. Moreover, we show that HNF1α is both necessary and sufficient to drive the expression of these genes in hepatic cells. These results reveal a new role for HNF1α as a master transcriptional regulator of multiple stages in the fucosylation process. This mechanism has implications for the regulation of immunity, embryonic development, and protein folding, as well as for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer, coronary heart disease, and metabolic and inflammatory disorders. By combining recently developed high-throughput glycan analysis with genome-wide association study, we performed the first comprehensive analysis of common genetic polymorphisms that affect protein glycosylation. Over half of all proteins are glycosylated; but, due to difficulties in glycan analysis and the absence of a genetic template for their synthesis, knowledge about the complex processes that regulate glycan assembly is still limited. We demonstrated that HNF1α regulates the expression of key fucosyltransferase and fucose biosynthesis genes and acts as a master regulator of plasma protein fucosylation. Proper protein fucosylation is essential in numerous processes including inflammation, cancer, and coronary heart disease, thus the identification of a master regulator of plasma protein fucosylation has important implications for understanding both normal biological functions and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordan Lauc
- Glycobiology Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abdelkader Essafi
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Knežević
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jayesh J. Kattla
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Lab, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Gen Info Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jodie L. Abrahams
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Lab, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maja Pučić
- Glycobiology Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Irma Redžić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Susan Campbell
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. Hastie
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Lab, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail:
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