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Speranza J, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Ragusa S, Kwiecień I, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Isatis tinctoria L. (Woad): A Review of its Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Biotechnological Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E298. [PMID: 32121532 PMCID: PMC7154893 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae), which is commonly known as woad, is a species with an ancient and well-documented history as an indigo dye and medicinal plant. Currently, I. tinctoria is utilized more often as medicinal remedy and also as a cosmetic ingredient. In 2011, I. tinctoria root was accepted in the official European phytotherapy by introducing its monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia. The biological properties of raw material have been known from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Over recent decades, I. tinctoria has been investigated both from a phytochemical and a biological point of view. The modern in vitro and in vivo scientific studies proved anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical composition of I. tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. This article provides a general botanical and ethnobotanical overview that summarizes the up-to-date knowledge on the phytochemistry and biological properties of this valuable plant in order to support its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the biotechnological studies on I. tinctoria, which mainly focused on hairy root cultures for the enhanced production of flavonoids and alkaloids as well as on the establishment of shoot cultures and micropropagation protocols, were reviewed. They provide input for future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Speranza
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, V. Europa, IT-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
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Miceli N, Cavò E, Ragusa S, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Marino A, Cincotta F, Condurso C, Taviano MF. Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of a Hydroalcoholic Extract Obtained from the Aerial Parts of Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. subsp. incana (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy). Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800677. [PMID: 30779421 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the phenolic and the volatile constituents and to establish the antioxidant potential and the toxicity of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves and flower buds of Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. subsp. incana growing wild in Sicily (Italy). By HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis, 12 phenolics (two phenolic acid derivatives and ten flavonoids) were identified, and eight of them were reported for the first time; luteolin-glucoside was the main component (57.07 mg/g±0.87 % RSD). By SPME-GC/MS, 47 volatile constituents were fully characterized, and dimethyl trisulfide turned out to be the most abundant one (33.24 %). The extract showed moderate activity both in the DPPH and in the reducing power assays (IC50 =2.32±0.24 mg/mL; ASE/mL=12.29±0.42); it did not inhibit the lipid peroxidation, whereas it was found to possess good chelating properties reaching approximately 90 % activity at the highest tested dose. Moreover, the extract protected growth and survival from H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. Finally, the extract was non-toxic against Artemia salina (LC50 >1000 μg/mL). These findings increase the knowledge of M. incana subsp. incana and they could be helpful to a chemosystematic distinguishing of this subspecies also demonstrating that the aerial parts represent a safe source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalizia Miceli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilia Cavò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Fondazione 'Prof. Antonio Imbesi', University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Facoltà Dipartimentale di Medicina e Chirurgia, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Facoltà Dipartimentale di Medicina e Chirurgia, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreana Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cincotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Ungureanu O, Gatea F, Seciu AM, Teodor ED, Nicorescu IM, Radu GL. A bioanalytical approach of chemical composition, bioactivity and cytotoxicity of Berteroa incana L. herb. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2791-2796. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1380014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Ungureanu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Gatea
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Seciu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Gabriel Lucian Radu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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