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Chen HC, Feng WW, Audira G, Kurnia KA, Hung SH, Castillo AL, Roldan MJM, Hsiao CD, Hung CH. Evaluation of sub-chronic toxicity of melamine via systematic or oral delivery in adult zebrafish based on behavioral endpoints. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:68-80. [PMID: 38599288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Melamine-tainted products have been found in the market and raised issues about food safety. Recent studies done in rodents and humans demonstrated the toxicities of melamine, especially in causing kidney damage and bladder stone formation. However, very few studies assessed its behavior toxicity in organisms, including fish. Therefore, in this study, the researchers aim to determine whether sub-chronic exposure to melamine via oral and systematic administration could induce behavioral abnormality in zebrafish. After 14 days of systematic exposure to melamine at doses of 0.1 and 10 ppm levels, zebrafish were subjected to multiple behavioral assays. Results from both exposure routes showed that melamine indeed slightly increased fish locomotion and altered their exploratory behaviors in the novel tank assay. Furthermore, tightened shoaling formation was also displayed by the treated fish in the waterborne exposure group. However, melamine exposure did not cause any obvious alterations in fish behaviors during other behavioral tests. In addition, in comparison with previously published data on the behavior toxicities of several solvents in zebrafish, our phenomic analysis suggests the relatively low behavior toxicities of melamine via either systematic exposure or oral administration to zebrafish compared to those solvents. Nevertheless, our data indicate that the potential neurotoxicity of chronic low-dose melamine should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan; Dr. Feng's Dermatology Clinic, Kaohsiung 811022, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Feng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan; Dr. Feng's Dermatology Clinic, Kaohsiung 811022, Taiwan
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Adi Kurnia
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - San-Ho Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Rd., Daliao Dist., Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, Fooyin University Hospital, No. 5, Zhongshan Road, Donggang Township, Pingtung 92847, Taiwan
| | - Agnes L Castillo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
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Fawzy MG, Said MA. Valuation of environmental influence of recently invented high-performance liquid chromatographic method for hypoglycemic mixtures of gliflozins and metformin in the presence of melamine impurities: Application of molecular modeling simulation approach. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300267. [PMID: 37485588 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modeling is the science of representing molecular structures numerically and simulating their behavior with the equations of quantum and classical physics. Coupling molecular modeling and simulation with chromatographic resolution for pharmaceutical products constitutes a new technique in pharmaceutical analysis. An innovative high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methodology was developed for the quantification of metformin hydrochloride (MET), empagliflozin (EMP), and canagliflozin (CAN) in bulk, laboratory-developed combinations, pharmaceutical tablets, and in the presence of melamine. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using a Symmetry column with 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and 0.02 M heptane sulphonic acid: acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Molecular modeling using molecular operating environment software was applied to properly select the stationary phase suitable for the developed HPLC method. Additionally, molecular modeling estimates and validates binding between the studied analytes and the stationary phase to clarify and explain the chromatographic separation and elution order. In accordance with the International Conference of Harmonization recommendations, the method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The linearity ranges (μg/ml) were 200-1500 (MET), 2-15 (EMP), and 20-150 (CAN) and the limit of detection values were in the ranges of 0.17-54.58 μg/ml. Analysis of pharmaceutical tablets using the suggested approach yielded satisfactory outcomes. As a result, it might be used in quality control laboratories to analyze the aforementioned medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gamal Fawzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
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Bahgat EA, Hashem H, Saleh H, Kamel EB, Eissa MS. HPLC-DAD technique for the quantification of a recently approved anti-diabetic triple combination along with two toxic official impurities: Toxicity confirmation aided by molecular docking application. BMC Chem 2023; 17:18. [PMID: 36922860 PMCID: PMC10018879 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliflozins and gliptins are two distinct groups of pharmacological drugs that reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes in various ways that may perform their functions harmoniously. Trijardy® tablet, which contains empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin, was recently approved. The scientific database does not yet have a method that is sensitive enough to quantify the aforementioned medications in the presence of metformin official toxic impurities melamine and cyanoguanidine. Molecular docking modeling was utilized in this work to further prove the toxicity of melamine. METHODS The five analytes listed before were quantified using RP-HPLC-diode array detector and a Zorbax® C8 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, which had been treated by ?-phosphoric acid to restore a pH of 4.0 (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and the eluted peaks were scanned at 250 nm. CONCLUSION The utilization of the simplest isocratic elution mode give the current technique a significant time-and cost-saving benefit. The current method can quantify the triple therapy agents in the presence of each other as well as with two official toxic impurities of metformin in one short analytical run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bahgat
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hisham Hashem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
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Wu Q, Li F, Zhu X, Ahn Y, Zhu Y. Isolation and characterization of cyromazine degrading Acinetobacter sp. ZX01 from a Chinese ginger cultivated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67765-67775. [PMID: 35522405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyromazine, a symmetrical triazine insecticide, is used to control dipteran larvae in chicken manure by feeding to the poultry, flies on animals, and leafminers in vegetables. Its extensive use has resulted in the widespread contamination in the environment. In the current study, a cyromazine degrading bacterium (designated strain ZX01) was isolated and characterized from a Chinese ginger cultivated soil by selective enrichment culture method. On the basis of morphological, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence, this bacterium showed strong similarity to the Pseudomonadales members and was closely related to the Acinetobacter baumannii group. Spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses revealed that strain ZX01 degraded cyromazine and utilized it as the sole carbon source for its growth. This process hydrolyzes cyromazine to melamine. Strain ZX01 degraded most of the cyromazine in 60 h. Besides, its substrate specificity against four symmetrical triazine herbicides, one triazinone herbicide, as well as 10 insecticides and its antibiotic sensitivity towards eight commercial antibiotics were also tested. At the concentration of 100 µg/mL for 60 h, it could effectively degrade a variety of different pesticides, including atrazine, prometon, simazine, prometryn, enitrothion, diazinon, cypermethrin, and acetamiprid, and the degradation was in the range of 71-87%. In particular, melamine, the main degradation product of cyromazine, was degraded by 47.3%. This microorganism was sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline and intermediate to amoxicillin and trimethoprim. These results highlight that strain ZX01 can be used as a potential biological agent for the remediation of soil, water, or crop contaminated with cyromazine and other symmetrical triazine insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xikai Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Youngjoon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, WCU Biomodulation Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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5
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Application of molecular docking approach in a novel eco-friendly impurity profiling HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous estimation of ternary hypoglycemic pharmaceutical mixture. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Melamine contamination and associated health risks: Gut microbiota does make a difference. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1271-1280. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Synthesis of Tri-S-Triazine Based g-C3N4 Photocatalyst for Cationic Rhodamine B Degradation under Visible Light. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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El-Shahawi M, Khraibah N. Development of a highly sensitive voltametric sensor for trace determination of melamine residues in milk and water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Janczak J. Supramolecular solid-state architecture formed by co-crystallization of melamine and phenylacetic acid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Yalçin SS, Güneş B, Yalçin S. Presence of melamine in human milk and the evaluation of the effects on mother–infant pairs in a cohort study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:624-633. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119898748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Melamine contamination is a recent public health problem emerging globally. Present study aimed to detect the rate of melamine presence in human milk in a cohort study and to evaluate any possible differences in maternal–infant pair characteristics such as breastfeeding status, crying and sleep problems of infants, maternal postpartum depression, maternal–infant bonding, infant and maternal anthropometry, and maternal complete blood count caused by the melamine exposure. Mothers of infants born in Şanlıurfa were invited to participate in ‘Urfa Child Cohort Survey’. Overall, two breast milk samples were taken between 5 days and 15 days postpartum and between 4 weeks and 10 weeks. Randox Food’s InfiniPlex array was used to analyse the presence of melamine. Melamine was detected in 32.2% and 24.4% of the first and the second milk samples; 16.7% of mothers had two positive samples. z Scores for birth weight and z scores for height for age were detected to be significantly lower in cases with two positive samples compared to cases with negative samples. Mean maternal white blood cells counts were found to be lower in cases with repeated melamine contact. Melamine might have a detrimental effect on birth weight, infant height and maternal blood count. Further studies should be done to detect environmental contamination in different regions and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- SS Yalçin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Güneş
- Child Health and Disease Service, Özel Şan Med Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - S Yalçin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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11
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Cuvette-Type LSPR Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Melamine in Infant Formulas. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19183839. [PMID: 31491964 PMCID: PMC6766901 DOI: 10.3390/s19183839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The globalization of food distribution has made necessary to secure safe products to the general consumers through the rapid detection of harmful additives on the field. For this purpose, we developed a cuvette-type localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor that can be easily used by consumers with conventional ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer for in-situ measurements. Gold nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on a transparent substrate via a self-assembly method to obtain a plasmonically active chip, and the chemical receptor p-nitroaniline (p-NA) was functionalized to stabilize the device sensitivity under external temperature and pH conditions. The fabricated chip was fixed onto a support and combined with a cuvette-type LSPR sensor. To evaluate the applicability of this sensor on the field, sensitivity and quantitative analysis experiments were conducted onto melamine as a model sample from harmful food additives. Under optimal reaction condition (2 mM p-NA for 20 min), we achieved an excellent detection limit (0.01 ppb) and a dynamic range allowing quantitative analysis over a wide concentration range (0.1–1000 ppb) from commercially available milk powder samples.
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12
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Zhao Z, Chen L, Bai B, Yang X, Tan Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhou C. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for evaluating the dissipation dynamics of cyromazine and its metabolite in Agaricus bisporus and dietary risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2285-2292. [PMID: 29119493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Providing guidance on the reasonable use of pesticide in agricultural production is of particular importance for ensuring food safety. In the present study, a field trial was performed to study the dissipation and accumulative pattern of cyromazine (CA) and its metabolite in Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) cultivation. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was first developed and validated for the determination of CA and melamine (MEL) in the casing soil and fruiting body. During the cultivation period, the dissipation rates of CA in the casing soil were between 51.57 and 63.48% at three dose groups. The fruiting body presented higher accumulation ability for MEL compared with CA. The terminal residues of MEL never exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food. In addition, the intake health risk from the CA and MEL residues in the fruiting body were negligible to humans. This study will help to provide valuable guidance on the application strategies of CA in A. bisporus cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Bai
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Yang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanglan Tan
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Chang K, Wang S, Zhang H, Guo Q, Hu X, Lin Z, Sun H, Jiang M, Hu J. Colorimetric detection of melamine in milk by using gold nanoparticles-based LSPR via optical fibers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177131. [PMID: 28475597 PMCID: PMC5419598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A biosensing system with optical fibers is proposed for the colorimetric detection of melamine in liquid milk samples by using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The biosensing system consists of a broadband light source that covers the spectral range from 200 nm to 1700 nm, an optical attenuator, three types of 600 μm premium optical fibers with SMA905 connectors and a miniature spectrometer with a linear charge coupled device (CCD) array. The biosensing system with optical fibers is low-cost, simple and is well-proven for the detection of melamine. Its working principle is based on the color changes of AuNPs solution from wine-red to blue due to the inter-particle coupling effect that causes the shifts of wavelength and absorbance in LSPR band after the to-be-measured melamine samples were added. Under the optimized conditions, the detection response of the LSPR biosensing system was found to be linear in melamine detection in the concentration range from 0μM to 0.9 μM with a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.99 and a detection limit 33 nM. The experimental results obtained from the established LSPR biosensing system in the actual detection of melamine concentration in liquid milk samples show that this technique is highly specific and sensitive and would have a huge application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqian Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinran Hu
- School of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhili Lin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of life sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Мuzyka K, Piletsky S, Zhikol O, Shishkina S. Theoretical quantum mechanical based studies of melamine – monomers interaction in pre-polymerisation phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/22243682.2015.1103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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16
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Bandele OJ, Stine CB, Ferguson M, Black T, Olejnik N, Keltner Z, Evans ER, Crosby TC, Reimschuessel R, Sprando RL. Use of urinary renal biomarkers to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of melamine or cyanuric acid in non-pregnant and pregnant rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 74:301-8. [PMID: 25455896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional assessments of renal damage detect loss of kidney function, urinary renal biomarkers are proposed to indicate early changes in renal integrity. The recent adulteration of infant formula and other milk-based foods with melamine revealed a link between melamine ingestion and nephropathy. Thus, the effects of melamine and related analogs (e.g., cyanuric acid) should be assessed in other potentially sensitive groups. We evaluated whether urinary Kim-1, clusterin, and osteopontin could detect the effects of high doses of melamine or cyanuric acid in pregnant and non-pregnant female rats gavaged with 1000 mg/kg bw/day for 10 days. We demonstrate that these biomarkers can differentiate the severity of effects induced by melamine or cyanuric acid. All melamine-treated animals experienced adverse effects; however, pregnant rats were most sensitive as indicated by increased SCr, BUN, and kidney weights, decreased body weight, and presence of renal crystals. These effects coincided with elevated urinary biomarker levels as early as day 2 of exposure. One cyanuric acid-treated rat displayed effects similar to melamine, including increased urinary biomarker levels. This work illustrates that these biomarkers can detect early effects of melamine or cyanuric acid crystal-induced nephropathy and further supports the use of urinary protein immunoassays as a powerful, non-invasive method to assess nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Bandele
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, CFSAN, U.S. FDA, Laurel, MD, United States.
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17
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Li W, Li H, Zhang J, Tian X. Effect of melamine toxicity on Tetrahymena thermophila proliferation and metallothionein expression. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:1-6. [PMID: 25720813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Melamine is a raw material in the chemical industry. Because of its high nitrogen content, melamine has been utilized by unscrupulous businessmen as a food additive to enhance the indices of protein content in food and feed testing. Tetrahymena has long been used as an excellent model organism in toxicological studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of melamine on Tetrahymena. In the present study, the effects of melamine on the proliferation and mating rate of Tetrahymena were examined by microscopic counting of the cell numbers. The comet assay and DAPI nuclear staining were performed to analyze the changes in the Tetrahymena genome. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to detect apoptosis. Furthermore, RT-PCR was performed to determine the changes in the expression of the metallothionein gene in Tetrahymena that underwent stress treatment with varying concentrations of melamine. The results indicated that melamine affected the proliferation and sexual reproduction of Tetrahymena. High melamine concentrations damaged the Tetrahymena genome to a certain extent and induced apoptosis in the organism. Expression of the metallothionein gene was upregulated in Tetrahymena exposed to melamine stress to ameliorate melamine-induced damage. These results indicated that melamine displayed significant toxicity to Tetrahymena cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering & Technology of Shandong High School, Shandong Wanjie Medical College, Zibo 255213, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuewen Tian
- Sports Science Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China
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18
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Zhang J, Ou C, Shi Y, Wang L, Chen M, Yang Z. Visualized detection of melamine in milk by supramolecular hydrogelations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12873-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05826g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported on a simple assay for visualized detection of melamine in milk by supramolecular hydrogelations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280, P. R. China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- and College of Life Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- and College of Life Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
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