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Lubbe P, Rawlence NJ, Kardailsky O, Robertson BC, Day R, Knapp M, Dussex N. Mitogenomes resolve the phylogeography and divergence times within the endemic New Zealand Callaeidae (Aves: Passerida). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biogeographical origins of the endemic birds of New Zealand (Aotearoa) are of great interest, particularly Palaeogene lineages such as Callaeidae, a passerine family characterized by brightly coloured wattles behind the beak and, in some cases, extreme sexual dimorphism in bill size and shape. Ancestral representatives of Callaeidae are thought to have split from their closest relatives outside New Zealand in the Oligocene, but little is known about the timing of divergences within the family. We present a fully dated molecular phylogeny of Callaeidae mitogenomes and discuss the biogeographical implications. Our results suggest that formation of Pliocene marine seaways, such as the Manawatu Strait, are likely to have played a significant role in the differentiation of North Island and South Island kōkako (Callaeas spp.) and saddlebacks/tīeke (Philesturnus spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Lubbe
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas J Rawlence
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Olga Kardailsky
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Robertson
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Robert Day
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
- Coastal People, Southern Skies Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Dussex
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Centre for Palaeogenetics (CPG) , Svante Arrhenius väg, Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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2
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Verry AJF, Lubbe P, Mitchell KJ, Rawlence NJ. Thirty years of ancient DNA and the faunal biogeography of Aotearoa New Zealand: lessons and future directions. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2093227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. F. Verry
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Lubbe
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kieren J. Mitchell
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas J. Rawlence
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Bradford TM, Ruta R, Cooper SJB, Libonatti ML, Watts CHS. Evolutionary history of the Australasian Scirtinae (Scirtidae; Coleoptera) inferred from ultraconserved elements. INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Scirtidae Fleming, 1821 has been identified as one of the earliest diverging groups of Polyphagan beetles and is particularly speciose in Australia. However, very little is known about the origin of the Australian scirtids and there is a need for a robust, well-supported phylogeny to guide the genus and species descriptions and understand the relationships among taxa. In this study we carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the Australian Scirtinae Fleming, 1821, using DNA sequence data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and included representative taxa from New Zealand, New Caledonia, South America, South Africa and Eurasia in the analysis. Bayesian analyses of a concatenated dataset from 79 taxa recovered four major Southern Hemisphere groupings and two Australian–Eurasian groupings. The Veronatus group mainly consisted of genera from New Zealand, with the three Australian representatives only distantly related to each other. Relaxed molecular clock analyses, using the estimated age of the crown node of the Polyphaga for calibration, support a Gondwanan history for four of the groups of Australian Scirtinae and a northern origin for two groups. Our results highlight the value of commercially available UCEs for resolving the phylogenetic history of ancient groups of Coleoptera.
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4
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Huanel OR, Nelson WA, Robitzch V, Mauger S, Faugeron S, Preuss M, Zuccarello GC, Guillemin ML. Comparative phylogeography of two Agarophyton species in the New Zealand archipelago. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1575-1590. [PMID: 32609871 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies have reported the coexistence of two species of Agarophyton in New Zealand: the newly described A.transtasmanicum with an apparently restricted distribution to some sites in the North Island, and the more widespread A.chilense. Here, we compared the distribution, genetic diversity, and structure of both Agarophyton species throughout the archipelago using sequences of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) marker. Agarophyton chilense's distribution was continuous and extensive along the North and South Islands, Stewart Island, and Chatham Island, and the genetic clusters were mostly concordant with boundaries between biogeographic regions. In contrast, specimens of A.transtasmanicum were collected in four sites broadly distributed in both the North and South Islands, with no clear spatial structure of the genetic diversity. Populations, where the species co-occurred, tended to display similar levels in genetic diversity for the two species. Demographic inferences supported a postglacial demographic expansion for two A.chilense genetic clusters, one present in the South Island and the eastern coast of the North Island, and the other present in northern South Island. A third genetic cluster located on the western coast of the North Island had a signature of long-term demographic stability. For A.transtasmanicum, the skyline plot also suggested a postglacial demographic expansion. Last, we developed a new molecular tool to quickly and easily distinguish between the two Agarophyton species, which could be used to ease future fine-scale population studies, especially in areas where the two species coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R Huanel
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
| | - Wendy A Nelson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Robitzch
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
| | - Maren Preuss
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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5
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Valente L, Etienne RS, Garcia-R JC. Deep Macroevolutionary Impact of Humans on New Zealand's Unique Avifauna. Curr Biol 2020; 29:2563-2569.e4. [PMID: 31386837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Islands are at the frontline of the anthropogenic extinction crisis [1]. A vast number of island birds have gone extinct since human colonization [2], and an important proportion is currently threatened with extinction [3]. While the number of lost or threatened avian species has often been quantified [4], the macroevolutionary consequences of human impact on island biodiversity have rarely been measured [5]. Here, we estimate the amount of evolutionary time that has been lost or is under threat due to anthropogenic activity in a classic example, New Zealand. Half of its bird taxa have gone extinct since humans arrived [6, 7] and many are threatened [8], including lineages forming highly distinct branches in the avian tree of life [9-11]. Using paleontological and ancient DNA information, we compiled a dated phylogenetic dataset for New Zealand's terrestrial avifauna. We extend the method DAISIE developed for island biogeography [12] to allow for the fact that many of New Zealand's birds are evolutionarily isolated and use it to estimate natural rates of speciation, extinction, and colonization. Simulating under a range of human-induced extinction scenarios, we find that it would take approximately 50 million years (Ma) to recover the number of species lost since human colonization of New Zealand and up to 10 Ma to return to today's species numbers if currently threatened species go extinct. This study puts into macroevolutionary perspective the impact of humans in an isolated fauna and reveals how conservation decisions we take today will have repercussions for millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valente
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Understanding Evolution Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan C Garcia-R
- Hopkirk Research Institute, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag, 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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6
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Vico P, Bonilla S, Cremella B, Aubriot L, Iriarte A, Piccini C. Biogeography of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii: Integrating genomics, phylogenetic and toxicity data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106824. [PMID: 32294544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii, a globally distributed bloom-forming cyanobacterium, produces either the cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYL) in Oceania, Asia and Europe or the neurotoxin saxitoxin (STX) and analogues (paralytic shellfish poison, PSP) in South America (encoded by sxt genetic cluster) and none of them in Africa. Nevertheless, this particular geographic pattern is usually overlooked in current hypotheses about the species dispersal routes. Here, we combined genomics, phylogenetic analyses, toxicity data and a literature survey to unveil the evolutionary history and spread of the species. Phylogenies based on 354 orthologous genes from all the available genomes and ribosomal ITS sequences of the taxon showed two well-defined clades: the American, having the PSP producers; and the Oceania/Europe/Asia, including the CYL producers. We propose central Africa as the original dispersion center (non-toxic populations), reaching North Africa and North America (in former Laurasia continent). The ability to produce CYL probably took place in populations that advanced to sub-Saharan Africa and then to Oceania and South America. According to the genomic context of the sxt cluster found in PSP-producer strains, this trait was acquired once by horizontal transfer in South America, where the ability to produce CYL was lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida A. Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Bonilla
- Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Physiology and Ecology Phytoplankton Group, CSIC, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Cremella
- Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Physiology and Ecology Phytoplankton Group, CSIC, Uruguay; Laboratory of Environmental Analysis, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Physiology and Ecology Phytoplankton Group, CSIC, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida A. Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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7
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Gemmell MR, Trewick SA, Hills SFK, Morgan‐Richards M. Phylogenetic topology and timing of New Zealand olive shells are consistent with punctuated equilibrium. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gemmell
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Simon F. K. Hills
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan‐Richards
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
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8
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Sokolov IM. A review of the genus Pelodiaetus Jeannel (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anillini) of New Zealand, with re-description of the genus, description of a new species, and notes on the evolutionary history. Zookeys 2019; 879:33-56. [PMID: 31636498 PMCID: PMC6795606 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.879.37684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of new morphological data a re-description of the genus Pelodiaetus is provided, a new species of the genus P.nunnisp. nov. (Christchurch, Canterbury, South Island) is described, and P.lewisi Jeannel is proposed as a synonym of P.sulcatipennis Jeannel, syn. nov. A taxonomic key as well as distribution maps for species of Pelodiaetus are provided. Data on comparative morphology and biogeographical aspects of speciation in the genus Pelodiaetus and its morphological relatives from Australia and New Zealand are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Sokolov
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, c/o Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington United States of America
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9
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McCulloch GA, Waters JM. Phylogenetic divergence of island biotas: Molecular dates, extinction, and "relict" lineages. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4354-4362. [PMID: 31544990 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Island formation is a key driver of biological evolution, and several studies have used geological ages of islands to calibrate rates of DNA change. However, many islands are home to "relict" lineages whose divergence apparently pre-dates island age. The geologically dynamic New Zealand (NZ) archipelago sits upon the ancient, largely submerged continent Zealandia, and the origin and age of its distinctive biota have long been contentious. While some researchers have interpreted NZ's biota as equivalent to that of a post-Oligocene island, a recent review of genetic studies identified a sizeable proportion of pre-Oligocene "relict" lineages, concluding that much of the biota survived an incomplete drowning event. Here, we assemble comparable genetic divergence data sets for two recently formed South Pacific archipelagos (Lord Howe; Chatham Islands) and demonstrate similarly substantial proportions of relict lineages. Similar to the NZ biota, our island reviews provide surprisingly little evidence for major genetic divergence "pulses" associated with island emergence. The dominance of Quaternary divergence estimates in all three biotas may highlight the importance of rapid biological turnover and new arrivals in response to recent climatic and/or geological disturbance and change. We provide a schematic model to help account for discrepancies between expected versus observed divergence-date distributions for island biotas, incorporating the effects of both molecular dating error and lineage extinction. We conclude that oceanic islands can represent both evolutionary "cradles" and "museums" and that the presence of apparently archaic island lineages does not preclude dispersal origins.
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Scharff N, Coddington JA, Blackledge TA, Agnarsson I, Framenau VW, Szűts T, Hayashi CY, Dimitrov D. Phylogeny of the orb‐weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Cladistics 2019; 36:1-21. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Scharff
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
| | - Todd A. Blackledge
- Integrated Bioscience Program Department of Biology University of Akron Akron OH USA
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History 10th and Constitution NW Washington DC 20560‐0105 USA
- Department of Biology University of Vermont 109 Carrigan Drive Burlington VT 05405‐0086 USA
| | - Volker W. Framenau
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology Western Australian Museum Locked Bag 49 Welshpool DC WA 6986 Australia
- School of Animal Biology University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University 90 South St. Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Tamás Szűts
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest H1077 Budapest Hungary
| | - Cheryl Y. Hayashi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172, Blindern NO‐0318 Oslo Norway
- Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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Abstract
Improved understanding of tick phylogeny has allowed testing of some biogeographical patterns. On the basis of both literature data and a meta-analysis of available sequence data, there is strong support for a Gondwanan origin of Ixodidae, and probably Ixodida. A particularly strong pattern is observed for the genus Amblyomma, which appears to have originated in Antarctica/southern South America, with subsequent dispersal to Australia. The endemic Australian lineages of Ixodidae (no other continent has such a pattern) appear to result from separate dispersal events, probably from Antarctica. Minimum ages for a number of divergences are determined as part of an updated temporal framework for tick evolution. Alternative hypotheses for tick evolution, such as a very old Pangean group, a Northern hemisphere origin, or an Australian origin, fit less well with observed phylogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Beati
- Institute for Coastal Plain Science and US National Tick Collection, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA;
| | - Hans Klompen
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology and Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA
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12
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Wallis GP, Jorge F. Going under down under? Lineage ages argue for extensive survival of the Oligocene marine transgression on Zealandia. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4368-4396. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fátima Jorge
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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13
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Molecular detection of small hive beetle Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): DNA barcoding and development of a real-time PCR assay. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9623. [PMID: 29942045 PMCID: PMC6018495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida can feed on honey, pollen and brood in honey bee colonies. It was endemic to Africa, but since 1996 has been detected in a number of countries worldwide, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Italy, Mexico, South Korea, Philippines and the USA where it has had economic effects on local apiculture. To improve SHB identification, we obtained the first reference sequences from the DNA barcoding 5' COI gene region for SHB and some species of the family Nitidulidae associated with beehives. Phylogenetic analysis of SHB COI sequences (3' COI) revealed two divergent lineages, with those from Australia and USA being genetically different from the recent detection in Italy. Many countries, including New Zealand, are currently free from SHB, and require a rapid detection method for biosecurity. Here we present the development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of SHB. The assay showed high specificity and sensitivity for detecting SHB, with no cross-reaction observed with closely related species, such as A. concolor. The real-time PCR is sensitive, detecting the target sequences up to 100 copies/µL. This assay should prove a useful biosecurity tool for rapid detection of SHB worldwide.
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14
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Grandcolas P. Ten false ideas about New Caledonia biogeography. Cladistics 2017; 33:481-487. [PMID: 34724758 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogeographical paradigm of New Caledonia has recently changed. Although this island is now considered by many as oceanic, its study is still often impeded by some old misconceptions concerning either regional geology or phylogenetic analysis of evolution and biogeography. I discuss ten points that I feel are especially detrimental, to help focus on the real debate and the real questions: (1) its geological history cannot be understood from the basement only; (2) the island submergence was not due simply to sea-level variation; (3) Zealandia/Tasmantis is not a lost continent; (4) short-distance dispersal is not equivalent to permanence on land; (5) long-distance dispersal is not the sole event opposing vicariance, but short-distance dispersal as well; (6) the occurrence of relicts does not prove biota permanence; (7) a major fault system was not observed in New Caledonia; (8) terranes are not rafts; (9) forest climatic refuges do not necessarily equate to centres of endemism or centres of diversity; and (10) New Caledonia is not only a sink but also a source. Study of New Caledonia will need to focus on old and non-relict clades and there is a need to improve the local fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
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15
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Jurado-Rivera JA, Pons J, Alvarez F, Botello A, Humphreys WF, Page TJ, Iliffe TM, Willassen E, Meland K, Juan C, Jaume D. Phylogenetic evidence that both ancient vicariance and dispersal have contributed to the biogeographic patterns of anchialine cave shrimps. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2852. [PMID: 28588246 PMCID: PMC5460120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cave shrimps from the genera Typhlatya, Stygiocaris and Typhlopatsa (Atyidae) are restricted to specialised coastal subterranean habitats or nearby freshwaters and have a highly disconnected distribution (Eastern Pacific, Caribbean, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Madagascar, Australia). The combination of a wide distribution and a limited dispersal potential suggests a large-scale process has generated this geographic pattern. Tectonic plates that fragment ancestral ranges (vicariance) has often been assumed to cause this process, with the biota as passive passengers on continental blocks. The ancestors of these cave shrimps are believed to have inhabited the ancient Tethys Sea, with three particular geological events hypothesised to have led to their isolation and divergence; (1) the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, (2) the breakup of Gondwana, and (3) the closure of the Tethys Seaway. We test the relative contribution of vicariance and dispersal in the evolutionary history of this group using mitochondrial genomes to reconstruct phylogenetic and biogeographic scenarios with fossil-based calibrations. Given that the Australia/Madagascar shrimp divergence postdates the Gondwanan breakup, our results suggest both vicariance (the Atlantic opening) and dispersal. The Tethys closure appears not to have been influential, however we hypothesise that changing marine currents had an important early influence on their biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Jurado-Rivera
- Dept. of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, Palma, 07122, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Joan Pons
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies. C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Fernando Alvarez
- Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Dpto. de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, UNAM. Tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, A.P. 70-153, México D.F. CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Botello
- Dept. de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juarez, 32300, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - William F Humphreys
- Western Australian Museum, Collections and Research, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA, 6986, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy J Page
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Water Planning Ecology, Queensland Dept. of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas M Iliffe
- Dept. of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, OCSB #251, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Endre Willassen
- Dept. of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Postboks 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Meland
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Juan
- Dept. of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, Palma, 07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies. C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Damià Jaume
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies. C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Worthy TH, De Pietri VL, Scofield RP. Recent advances in avian palaeobiology in New Zealand with implications for understanding New Zealand’s geological, climatic and evolutionary histories. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2017.1307235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H. Worthy
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
| | - Vanesa L. De Pietri
- Natural History Department, Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand
| | - R. Paul Scofield
- Natural History Department, Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand
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Gwee CY, Christidis L, Eaton JA, Norman JA, Trainor CR, Verbelen P, Rheindt FE. Bioacoustic and multi-locus DNA data of Ninox owls support high incidence of extinction and recolonisation on small, low-lying islands across Wallacea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:246-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Andújar C, Faille A, Pérez-González S, Zaballos JP, Vogler AP, Ribera I. Gondwanian relicts and oceanic dispersal in a cosmopolitan radiation of euedaphic ground beetles. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 99:235-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Mitchell KJ, Wood JR, Llamas B, McLenachan PA, Kardailsky O, Scofield RP, Worthy TH, Cooper A. Ancient mitochondrial genomes clarify the evolutionary history of New Zealand's enigmatic acanthisittid wrens. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 102:295-304. [PMID: 27261250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand acanthisittid wrens are the sister-taxon to all other "perching birds" (Passeriformes) and - including recently extinct species - represent the most diverse endemic passerine family in New Zealand. Consequently, they are important for understanding both the early evolution of Passeriformes and the New Zealand biota. However, five of the seven species have become extinct since the arrival of humans in New Zealand, complicating evolutionary analyses. The results of morphological analyses have been largely equivocal, and no comprehensive genetic analysis of Acanthisittidae has been undertaken. We present novel mitochondrial genome sequences from four acanthisittid species (three extinct, one extant), allowing us to resolve the phylogeny and revise the taxonomy of acanthisittids. Reanalysis of morphological data in light of our genetic results confirms a close relationship between the extant rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris) and an extinct Miocene wren (Kuiornis indicator), making Kuiornis a useful calibration point for molecular dating of passerines. Our molecular dating analyses reveal that the stout-legged wrens (Pachyplichas) diverged relatively recently from a more gracile (Xenicus-like) ancestor. Further, our results suggest a possible Early Oligocene origin of the basal Lyall's wren (Traversia) lineage, which would imply that Acanthisittidae survived the Oligocene marine inundation of New Zealand and therefore that the inundation was not complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J Mitchell
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Jamie R Wood
- Landcare Research, Post Office Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Patricia A McLenachan
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Olga Kardailsky
- Department of Anatomy, Otago University, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - R Paul Scofield
- Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand
| | - Trevor H Worthy
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, South Australia 5005, Australia
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20
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Dool SE, O’Donnell CFJ, Monks JM, Puechmaille SJ, Kerth G. Phylogeographic-based conservation implications for the New Zealand long-tailed bat, (Chalinolobus tuberculatus): identification of a single ESU and a candidate population for genetic rescue. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Eberle J, Fabrizi S, Lago P, Ahrens D. A historical biogeography of megadiverse Sericini-another story “out of Africa”? Cladistics 2016; 33:183-197. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eberle
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Silvia Fabrizi
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Paul Lago
- Department of Biology; University of Mississippi; University MS 38677 USA
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
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22
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Condamine FL, Leslie AB, Antonelli A. Ancient islands acted as refugia and pumps for conifer diversity. Cladistics 2016; 33:69-92. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien L. Condamine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 461 SE-405 30 Göteborg Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton T6G 2E9 AB Canada
- CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Andrew B. Leslie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 461 SE-405 30 Göteborg Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden; Carl Skottsbergs gata 22A 413 19 Gothenburg Sweden
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23
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Opell BD, Helweg SG, Kiser KM. Phylogeography of Australian and New Zealand spray zone spiders (Anyphaenidae:Amaurobioides): Moa's Ark loses a few more passengers. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent D. Opell
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Sarah G. Helweg
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Kea M. Kiser
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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24
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McCulloch GA, Wallis GP, Waters JM. A time-calibrated phylogeny of southern hemisphere stoneflies: Testing for Gondwanan origins. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 96:150-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Phylogenetics and Conservation in New Zealand: The Long and the Short of It. BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22461-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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What Is the Meaning of Extreme Phylogenetic Diversity? The Case of Phylogenetic Relict Species. BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22461-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Iwasaki JM, Barratt BIP, Lord JM, Mercer AR, Dickinson KJM. The New Zealand experience of varroa invasion highlights research opportunities for Australia. AMBIO 2015; 44:694-704. [PMID: 26133152 PMCID: PMC4591231 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is implicated as a major disease factor in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations worldwide. Honey bees are extensively relied upon for pollination services, and in countries such as New Zealand and Australia where honey bees have been introduced specifically for commercial pollinator services, the economic effects of any decline in honey bee numbers are predicted to be profound. V. destructor established in New Zealand in 2000 but as yet, Australia remains Varroa-free. Here we analyze the history of V. destructor invasion and spread in New Zealand and discuss the likely long-term impacts. When the mite was discovered in New Zealand, it was considered too well established for eradication to be feasible. Despite control efforts, V. destructor has since spread throughout the country. Today, assessing the impacts of the arrival of V. destructor in this country is compromised by a paucity of data on pollinator communities as they existed prior to invasion. Australia's Varroa-free status provides a rare and likely brief window of opportunity for the global bee research community to gain understanding of honey bee-native pollinator community dynamics prior to Varroa invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Iwasaki
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Barbara I P Barratt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand.
| | - Janice M Lord
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Alison R Mercer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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28
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Weston KA, Robertson BC. Population structure within an alpine archipelago: strong signature of past climate change in the New Zealand rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4778-94. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Weston
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - B. C. Robertson
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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29
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Thornhill AH, Ho SYW, Külheim C, Crisp MD. Interpreting the modern distribution of Myrtaceae using a dated molecular phylogeny. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015. [PMID: 26211451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The angiosperm family Myrtaceae has extant and fossil taxa from all southern continents and is assumed to be of Gondwanan origin. Many modern groups contain sister taxa that have disjunct transoceanic distributions, which can be interpreted as a result of either vicariance or long-distance dispersal and establishment (LDDE). Further, some Myrtaceae groups occur on Pacific islands with enigmatic geological histories. We tested hypotheses of vicariance and LDDE by estimating divergence times using a relaxed molecular clock calibrated with 12 fossils. In total, 88 genera and 202 species were sampled, representing both subfamilies and all tribes of Myrtaceae. We reconstructed the family as Gondwanan in origin. Of the 22 geographically disjunct sister groups in our study, up to six are potentially explained as the product of vicariance, three resulting from overland dispersal via new land connections, and 13 due to LDDE events. Nine of the 13 hypothesized LDDE events occurred in fleshy-fruited taxa. Our results indicate that most of the transoceanic distribution patterns in Myrtaceae have occurred since the Miocene due to LDDE, whereas inferred vicariance events all occurred before the Late Eocene. There are many instances of sister relationships between species-poor and species-rich groups in Myrtaceae, and at least three occurrences of geographically isolated taxa on long branches of the phylogeny (Arillastrum, Myrtus, and Tepualia), whose modern-day distributions are difficult to explain without additional fossil or geological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Thornhill
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carsten Külheim
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael D Crisp
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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30
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Moon KL, Banks SC, Fraser CI. Phylogeographic Structure in Penguin Ticks across an Ocean Basin Indicates Allopatric Divergence and Rare Trans-Oceanic Dispersal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128514. [PMID: 26083353 PMCID: PMC4471196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of ticks (Acarina) and seabirds provides an intriguing system for assessing the influence of long-distance dispersal on the evolution of parasitic species. Recent research has focused on host-parasite evolutionary relationships and dispersal capacity of ticks parasitising flighted seabirds. Evolutionary research on the ticks of non-flighted seabirds is, in contrast, scarce. We conducted the first phylogeographic investigation of a hard tick species (Ixodes eudyptidis) that parasitises the Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor). Using one nuclear (28S) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers, we assessed genetic diversity among several populations in Australia and a single population on the South Island of New Zealand. Our results reveal two deeply divergent lineages, possibly representing different species: one comprising all New Zealand samples and some from Australia, and the other representing all other samples from Australian sites. No significant population differentiation was observed among any Australian sites from within each major clade, even those separated by hundreds of kilometres of coastline. In contrast, the New Zealand population was significantly different to all samples from Australia. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the New Zealand and Australian populations are effectively isolated from each other; although rare long-distance dispersal events must occur, these are insufficient to maintain trans-Tasman gene flow. Despite the evidence for limited dispersal of penguin ticks between Australia and New Zealand, we found no evidence to suggest that ticks are unable to disperse shorter distances at sea with their hosts, with no pattern of population differentiation found among Australian sites. Our results suggest that terrestrial seabird parasites may be quite capable of short-distance movements, but only sporadic longer-distance (trans-oceanic) dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Moon
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sam C Banks
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ceridwen I Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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31
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Olson ME, Arroyo-Santos A. How to Study Adaptation (and Why To Do It That Way). QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2015; 90:167-91. [DOI: 10.1086/681438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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33
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Relict species: a relict concept? Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:655-63. [PMID: 25454211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Relict species have always beguiled evolutionary biologists and biogeographers, who often view them as fascinating 'living fossils' or remnants of old times. Consequently, they are believed to provide interesting and important information on a vanished past and are used to understand the evolution of clades and biotas. The information that relicts provide can, however, be misleading and overemphasised when it is not remembered that they belong to groups or biotas that are mostly extinct. For example, relict species imply regional extinctions and, for this reason, they cannot simultaneously provide evidence of local biota permanence. Here we consider carefully misconceptions about relict species and highlight more clearly their evolutionary and biogeographical significance.
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34
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Sun Y, He X, Glenny D. Transantarctic disjunctions in Schistochilaceae (Marchantiophyta) explained by early extinction events, post-Gondwanan radiations and palaeoclimatic changes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stavert JR, Gaskett AC, Scott DJ, Beggs JR. Dung beetles in an avian-dominated island ecosystem: feeding and trophic ecology. Oecologia 2014; 176:259-71. [PMID: 24974270 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Globally, dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) are linked to many critical ecosystem processes involving the consumption and breakdown of mammal dung. Endemic New Zealand dung beetles (Canthonini) are an anomaly, occurring at high abundance and low diversity on an island archipelago historically lacking terrestrial mammals, except bats, and instead dominated by birds. Have New Zealand's dung beetles evolved to specialise on bird dung or carrion, or have they become broad generalist feeders? We test dietary preferences by analysing nitrogen isotope ratios of wild dung beetles and by performing feeding behaviour observations of captive specimens. We also use nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes to determine if the dung beetle Saphobius edwardsi will consume marine-derived carrion. Nitrogen isotope ratios indicated trophic generalism in Saphobius dung beetles and this was supported by behavioural observations where a broad range of food resources were utilised. Alternative food resource use was further illustrated experimentally by nitrogen and carbon stable isotope signatures of S. edwardsi, where individuals provided with decomposed squid had δ(15)N and δ(13)C values that had shifted toward values associated with marine diet. Our findings suggest that, in the absence of native mammal dung resources, New Zealand dung beetles have evolved a generalist diet of dung and carrion. This may include marine-derived resources, as provided by the seabird colonies present in New Zealand forests before the arrival of humans. This has probably enabled New Zealand dung beetles to persist in indigenous ecosystems despite the decline of native birds and the introduction of many mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Stavert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand,
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Hipsley CA, Müller J. Beyond fossil calibrations: realities of molecular clock practices in evolutionary biology. Front Genet 2014; 5:138. [PMID: 24904638 PMCID: PMC4033271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-based divergence dating methods, or molecular clocks, are the primary neontological tool for estimating the temporal origins of clades. While the appropriate use of vertebrate fossils as external clock calibrations has stimulated heated discussions in the paleontological community, less attention has been given to the quality and implementation of other calibration types. In lieu of appropriate fossils, many studies rely on alternative sources of age constraints based on geological events, substitution rates and heterochronous sampling, as well as dates secondarily derived from previous analyses. To illustrate the breadth and frequency of calibration types currently employed, we conducted a literature survey of over 600 articles published from 2007 to 2013. Over half of all analyses implemented one or more fossil dates as constraints, followed by geological events and secondary calibrations (15% each). Vertebrate taxa were subjects in nearly half of all studies, while invertebrates and plants together accounted for 43%, followed by viruses, protists and fungi (3% each). Current patterns in calibration practices were disproportionate to the number of discussions on their proper use, particularly regarding plants and secondarily derived dates, which are both relatively neglected in methodological evaluations. Based on our survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest approaches in clock calibration, and outline strengths and weaknesses associated with each. This critique should serve as a call to action for researchers across multiple communities, particularly those working on clades for which fossil records are poor, to develop their own guidelines regarding selection and implementation of alternative calibration types. This issue is particularly relevant now, as time-calibrated phylogenies are used for more than dating evolutionary origins, but often serve as the backbone of investigations into biogeography, diversity dynamics and rates of phenotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy A. Hipsley
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und BiodiversitätsforschungBerlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und BiodiversitätsforschungBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Avanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
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Multiple recent introductions of apid bees into Pacific archipelagos signify potentially large consequences for both agriculture and indigenous ecosystems. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Frick H, Scharff N. Phantoms of Gondwana?-phylogeny of the spider subfamily Mynogleninae (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Cladistics 2014; 30:67-106. [PMID: 34781595 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first genus-level phylogeny of the subfamily Mynogleninae. It is based on 190 morphological characters scored for 44 taxa: 37 mynoglenine taxa (ingroup) representing 15 of the 17 known genera and seven outgroup taxa representing the subfamilies Stemonyphantinae, Linyphiinae (Linyphiini and Micronetini), and Erigoninae, and a representative of the family Pimoidae, the sister-group to Linyphiidae. No fewer than 147 of the morphological characters used in this study are new and defined for this study, and come mainly from male and female genitalia. Parsimony analysis with equal weights resulted in three most parsimonious trees of length 871. The monophyly of the subfamily Mynogleninae and the genera Novafroneta, Parafroneta, Laminafroneta, Afroneta, Promynoglenes, Metamynoglenes, and Haplinis are supported, whereas Pseudafroneta is paraphyletic. The remaining seven mynoglenine genera are either monotypic or represented by only one taxon. Diagnoses are given for all genera included in the analysis. The evolution of morphological traits is discussed and we summarize the diversity and distribution patterns of the 124 known species of mynoglenines. The preferred topology suggests a single origin of mynoglenines in New Zealand with two dispersal events to Africa, and does not support Gondwana origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Frick
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Scharff
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center of Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Biological Institute, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ericson PGP, Klopfstein S, Irestedt M, Nguyen JMT, Nylander JAA. Dating the diversification of the major lineages of Passeriformes (Aves). BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:8. [PMID: 24422673 PMCID: PMC3917694 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The avian Order Passeriformes is an enormously species-rich group, which comprises almost 60% of all living bird species. This diverse order is believed to have originated before the break-up of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous. However, previous molecular dating studies have relied heavily on the geological split between New Zealand and Antarctica, assumed to have occurred 85-82 Mya, for calibrating the molecular clock and might thus be circular in their argument. RESULTS This study provides a time-scale for the evolution of the major clades of passerines using seven nuclear markers, five taxonomically well-determined passerine fossils, and an updated interpretation of the New Zealand split from Antarctica 85-52 Mya in a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach. We also assess how different interpretations of the New Zealand-Antarctica vicariance event influence our age estimates. Our results suggest that the diversification of Passeriformes began in the late Cretaceous or early Cenozoic. Removing the root calibration for the New Zealand-Antarctica vicariance event (85-52 Mya) dramatically increases the 95% credibility intervals and leads to unrealistically old age estimates. We assess the individual characteristics of the seven nuclear genes analyzed in our study. Our analyses provide estimates of divergence times for the major groups of passerines, which can be used as secondary calibration points in future molecular studies. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis takes recent paleontological and geological findings into account and provides the best estimate of the passerine evolutionary time-scale currently available. This time-scale provides a temporal framework for further biogeographical, ecological, and co-evolutionary studies of the largest bird radiation, and adds to the growing support for a Cretaceous origin of Passeriformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per GP Ericson
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE–10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- Department of Biodiversity and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE–10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Irestedt
- Department of Biodiversity and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE–10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline MT Nguyen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan AA Nylander
- Department of Biodiversity and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE–10405 Stockholm, Sweden
- BILS – Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences, University of Linköping, SE–58183 Linköping, Sweden
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40
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Wilf P, Escapa IH, Cúneo NR, Kooyman RM, Johnson KR, Iglesias A. First South American Agathis (Araucariaceae), Eocene of Patagonia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:156-179. [PMID: 24418576 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Agathis is an iconic genus of large, ecologically important, and economically valuable conifers that range over lowland to upper montane rainforests from New Zealand to Sumatra. Exploitation of its timber and copal has greatly reduced the genus's numbers. The early fossil record of Agathis comes entirely from Australia, often presumed to be its area of origin. Agathis has no previous record from South America. METHODS We describe abundant macrofossils of Agathis vegetative and reproductive organs, from early and middle Eocene rainforest paleofloras of Patagonia, Argentina. The leaves were formerly assigned to the New World cycad genus Zamia. KEY RESULTS Agathis zamunerae sp. nov. is the first South American occurrence and the most complete representation of Agathis in the fossil record. Its morphological features are fully consistent with the living genus. The most similar living species is A. lenticula, endemic to lower montane rainforests of northern Borneo. CONCLUSIONS Agathis zamunerae sp. nov. demonstrates the presence of modern-aspect Agathis by 52.2 mya and vastly increases the early range and possible areas of origin of the genus. The revision from Zamia breaks another link between the Eocene and living floras of South America. Agathis was a dominant, keystone element of the Patagonian Eocene floras, alongside numerous other plant taxa that still associate with it in Australasia and Southeast Asia. Agathis extinction in South America was an integral part of the transformation of Patagonian biomes over millions of years, but the living species are disappearing from their ranges at a far greater rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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41
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Garcia-Porta J, Ord TJ. Key innovations and island colonization as engines of evolutionary diversification: a comparative test with the Australasian diplodactyloid geckos. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2662-80. [PMID: 24256519 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of key innovations and the invasion of new areas constitute two major processes that facilitate ecological opportunity and subsequent evolutionary diversification. Using a major lizard radiation as a model, the Australasian diplodactyloid geckos, we explored the effects of two key innovations (adhesive toepads and a snake-like phenotype) and the invasion of new environments (island colonization) in promoting the evolution of phenotypic and species diversity. We found no evidence that toepads had significantly increased evolutionary diversification, which challenges the common assumption that the evolution of toepads has been responsible for the extensive radiation of geckos. In contrast, a snakelike phenotype was associated with increased rates of body size evolution and, to a lesser extent, species diversification. However, the clearest impact on evolutionary diversification has been the colonization of New Zealand and New Caledonia, which were associated with increased rates of both body size evolution and species diversification. This highlights that colonizing new environments can drive adaptive diversification in conjunction or independently of the evolution of a key innovation. Studies wishing to confirm the putative link between a key innovation and subsequent evolutionary diversification must therefore show that it has been the acquisition of an innovation specifically, not the colonization of new areas more generally, that has prompted diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garcia-Porta
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Aggerbeck M, Fjeldså J, Christidis L, Fabre PH, Jønsson KA. Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 70:272-85. [PMID: 24125832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the global expansion of songbirds (Oscines) originated in East Gondwana (present day Australo-Papua), and it has been postulated that one of the main constituent groups, the "core Corvoidea", with more than 750 species, originated in the first islands that emerged where New Guinea is now located. However, several polytomous relationships remained within the clade, obstructing detailed biogeographical interpretations. This study presents a well-resolved family-level phylogeny, based on a dataset of 22 nuclear loci and using a suite of partitioning schemes and Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Resolving the relationships within the core Corvoidea provides evidence for three well-supported main clades, which are in turn sister to the New Zealand genus Mohoua. Some monotypic lineages, which have previously been considered Incertae sedis, are also placed in a phylogenetic context. The well-resolved phylogeny provides a robust framework for biogeographical analyses, and provides further support for the hypothesis that core corvoids originated in the proto-Papuan island region that emerged north of Australia in the late Oligocene/early Miocene. Thus, the core Corvoidea appear to represent a true island radiation, which successfully colonized all continents except Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Aggerbeck
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chen WJ, Lavoué S, Mayden RL. Evolutionary origin and early biogeography of otophysan fishes (Ostariophysi: Teleostei). Evolution 2013; 67:2218-39. [PMID: 23888847 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biogeography of the mega-diverse, freshwater, and globally distributed Otophysi has received considerable attention. This attraction largely stems from assumptions as to their ancient origin, the clade being almost exclusively freshwater, and their suitability as to explanations of trans-oceanic distributions. Despite multiple hypotheses explaining present-day distributions, problems remain, precluding more parsimonious explanations. Underlying previous hypotheses are alternative phylogenies for Otophysi, uncertainties as to temporal diversification and assumptions integral to various explanations. We reexamine the origin and early diversification of this clade based on a comprehensive time-calibrated, molecular-based phylogenetic analysis and event-based approaches for ancestral range inference of lineages. Our results do not corroborate current phylogenetic classifications of otophysans. We demonstrate Siluriformes are never sister to Gymnotiformes and Characiformes are most likely nonmonophyletic. Divergence time estimates specify a split between Cypriniformes and Characiphysi with the fragmentation of Pangea. The early diversification of characiphysans either predated, or was contemporary with, the separation of Africa and South America, and involved a combination of within- and between-continental divergence events for these lineages. The intercontinental diversification of siluroids and characoids postdated major intercontinental tectonic fragmentations (<90 Mya). Post-tectonic drift dispersal events are hypothesized to account for their current distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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44
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Beaulieu JM, Tank DC, Donoghue MJ. A Southern Hemisphere origin for campanulid angiosperms, with traces of the break-up of Gondwana. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:80. [PMID: 23565668 PMCID: PMC3636071 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New powerful biogeographic methods have focused attention on long-standing hypotheses regarding the influence of the break-up of Gondwana on the biogeography of Southern Hemisphere plant groups. Studies to date have often concluded that these groups are too young to have been influenced by these ancient continental movements. Here we examine a much larger and older angiosperm clade, the Campanulidae, and infer its biogeographic history by combining Bayesian divergence time information with a likelihood-based biogeographic model focused on the Gondwanan landmasses. RESULTS Our analyses imply that campanulids likely originated in the middle Albian (~105 Ma), and that a substantial portion of the early evolutionary history of campanulids took place in the Southern Hemisphere, despite their greater species richness in the Northern Hemisphere today. We also discovered several disjunctions that show biogeographic and temporal correspondence with the break-up of Gondwana. CONCLUSIONS While it is possible to discern traces of the break-up of Gondwana in clades that are old enough, it will generally be difficult to be confident in continental movement as the prime cause of geographic disjunctions. This follows from the need for the geographic disjunction, the inferred biogeographic scenario, and the dating of the lineage splitting events to be consistent with the causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Beaulieu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Ste. 106, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - David C Tank
- College of Natural Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USA
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
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Wood JR, Wilmshurst JM, Rawlence NJ, Bonner KI, Worthy TH, Kinsella JM, Cooper A. A megafauna's microfauna: gastrointestinal parasites of New Zealand's extinct moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes). PLoS One 2013; 8:e57315. [PMID: 23451203 PMCID: PMC3581471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform the first multidisciplinary study of parasites from an extinct megafaunal clade using coprolites from the New Zealand moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes). Ancient DNA and microscopic analyses of 84 coprolites deposited by four moa species (South Island giant moa, Dinornis robustus; little bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis; heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus; and upland moa, Megalapteryx didinus) reveal an array of gastrointestinal parasites including coccidians (Cryptosporidium and members of the suborder Eimeriorina), nematodes (Heterakoidea, Trichostrongylidae, Trichinellidae) and a trematode (Echinostomida). Parasite eggs were most prevalent and diverse in coprolites from lowland sites, where multiple sympatric moa species occurred and host density was therefore probably higher. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports a possible vicariant Gondwanan origin for some of the moa parasites. The discovery of apparently host-specific parasite taxa suggests paleoparasitological studies of megafauna coprolites may provide useful case-studies of coextinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Wood
- Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand.
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Puente-Lelièvre C, Harrington MG, Brown EA, Kuzmina M, Crayn DM. Cenozoic extinction and recolonization in the New Zealand flora: The case of the fleshy-fruited epacrids (Styphelieae, Styphelioideae, Ericaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 66:203-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Karanovic T, Lee W. A new species of Parastenocaris from Korea, with a redescription of the closely related P. biwae from Japan (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.12651/jsr.2012.1.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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Cruaud A, Jabbour-Zahab R, Genson G, Ungricht S, Rasplus JY. Testing the emergence of New Caledonia: fig wasp mutualism as a case study and a review of evidence. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30941. [PMID: 22383982 PMCID: PMC3285151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While geologists suggest that New Caledonian main island (Grande Terre) was submerged until ca 37 Ma, biologists are struck by the presence of supposedly Gondwanan groups on the island. Among these groups are the Oreosycea fig trees (Ficus, Moraceae) and their Dolichoris pollinators (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae). These partners are distributed in the Paleotropics and Australasia, suggesting that their presence on New Caledonia could result from Gondwanan vicariance. To test this hypothesis, we obtained mitochondrial and nuclear markers (5.3 kb) from 28 species of Dolichoris, used all available sequences for Oreosycea, and conducted phylogenetic and dating analyses with several calibration strategies. All our analyses ruled out a vicariance scenario suggesting instead that New Caledonian colonization by Dolichoris and Oreosycea involved dispersal across islands from Sundaland ca 45.9-32.0 Ma. Our results show that successful long-distance dispersal of obligate mutualists may happen further suggesting that presence of intimate mutualisms on isolated islands should not be used as a priori evidence for vicariance. Comparing our results to a review of all the published age estimates for New Caledonian plant and animal taxa, we showed that support for a vicariant origin of the island biota is still lacking. Finally, as demonstrating a causal relationship between geology and biology requires independent evidence, we argue that a priori assumptions about vicariance or dispersal should not be used to constrain chronograms. This circular reasoning could lead to under or overestimation of age estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Cruaud
- INRA-UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, CBGP, INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur Lez, France.
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Coetzee MPA, Bloomer P, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Paleogene radiation of a plant pathogenic mushroom. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28545. [PMID: 22216099 PMCID: PMC3247210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global movement and speciation of fungal plant pathogens is important, especially because of the economic losses they cause and the ease with which they are able to spread across large areas. Understanding the biogeography and origin of these plant pathogens can provide insights regarding their dispersal and current day distribution. We tested the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin of the plant pathogenic mushroom genus Armillaria and the currently accepted premise that vicariance accounts for the extant distribution of the species. METHODS The phylogeny of a selection of Armillaria species was reconstructed based on Maximum Parsimony (MP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI). A timeline was then placed on the divergence of lineages using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock approach. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of sequenced data for three combined nuclear regions provided strong support for three major geographically defined clades: Holarctic, South American-Australasian and African. Molecular dating placed the initial radiation of the genus at 54 million years ago within the Early Paleogene, postdating the tectonic break-up of Gondwana. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of extant Armillaria species is the result of ancient long-distance dispersal rather than vicariance due to continental drift. As these finding are contrary to most prior vicariance hypotheses for fungi, our results highlight the important role of long-distance dispersal in the radiation of fungal pathogens from the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P A Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Ronquist F, Sanmartín I. Phylogenetic Methods in Biogeography. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Ronquist
- Department of Biodiversity Informatics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botanico, RJB-CSIC, ES-28014 Madrid, Spain;
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