Correlation among lipid parameters, pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure in young Korean population

Association between the Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory and Risk of Stroke in a Health-Management Population in Jiaozuo, China

The trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a screening population in Jiaozuo were examined, and the association between the different types of SBP trajectories and the risk of stroke was evaluated. Data of a fixed cohort population from the Jiaozuo Stroke Prevention and Control Project Management Special Database System that underwent community screening in 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021 were collected. Ultimately, a total of 1,451 participants who met the inclusion criteria for this study were included in the analysis, which was performed using group trajectory modeling. The baseline SBP for each trajectory subgroup was characterized at follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis for each trajectory group was also performed, and the relationship between the SBP trajectory and risk of stroke onset during follow-up was validated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Based on the SBP from 2015 to 2021, this cohort population was divided into three groups based on the trajectory development patterns: the low-stable group (37.6%), the moderate-increasing group (53.4%), and the high-acutely increasing group (9%). Gender, age, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose level were predictive factors for the SBP trajectory group. The cumulative survival risk in the high-acutely increasing group was higher than that of the other two groups. After adjusting for potential confounding factors and using the low-stable group as a reference, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the risk of stroke onset in the moderate-increasing and high-acutely increasing groups were 1.38 (0.91-2.07) and 1.51 (0.82-2.76), respectively. The results of the analysis demonstrate that higher blood pressure trajectories are associated with a higher risk of stroke and that the risk of stroke can be reduced by better control and management of the SBP.

Association Between Lipids and Arterial Stiffness for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention in a General Middle-Aged European Population

Background

Dyslipidemia contributes to the progression of arterial stiffness (AS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the different lipid parameters with arterial stiffness index (ASI) in a middle-aged population free of cardiovascular (CV) disease.

Methods

Among 71,326 volunteers from the UK Biobank population, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apolipoproteins A and B (Apo A and Apo B), and ASI were measured. Values for non-HDL, TC/HDL, TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL were calculated. AS was defined as an ASI > 10 m/s. Associations between lipid parameters and ASI were performed using multiple linear logistic regressions. The results reported from univariate models were the squared partial correlation coefficient, r ², and from multivariate models, the adjusted coefficient of determination, R ², to describe the contribution of ASI variability for each lipid parameter.

Results

We found that TG/HDL was mainly associated with ASI [β = 0.53 (0.01), r ² = 3.66%, p < 0.001 and adjusted β = 0.21 (0.01), R ² = 13.58%, p < 0.001] and AS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86 (1.80-1.92), r ² = 1.65%, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR = 1.15 (1.13-1.17), R ² = 8.54%, p < 0.001] rather than the others. TG/HDL remained the only lipid parameter that showed added value in linear multivariate models. TG/HDL remained less associated with AS than age (r ² = 5.55%, p < 0.001), mean blood pressure (BP; r ² = 5.31%, p < 0.001), and gender (r ² = 4.44%, p < 0.001), but more highly associated than body mass index (BMI; r ² = 1.95%, p < 0.001), heart rate (HR; r ² = 0.81%, p < 0.001), fasting glucose (r ² = 0.18%, p < 0.001), tobacco (r ² = 0.05%, p < 0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; r ² = 0.01%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In primary CV prevention, lipids, especially through the TG/HDL ratio, could be more instructive in preventing the increase in AS than other modifiable factors.

Association of personal fine particulate matter and its respiratory tract depositions with blood pressure in children: From two panel studies

Evidence is limited regarding the acute effects of personal fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure and its respiratory tract depositions on the alteration of children's blood pressure (BP). We conducted 2 longitudinal panel studies in 2 cities to evaluate the relations of 72-h real-time personal PM_2.5 exposure and its depositions in 3 respiratory tract regions over different lag times with BP and the risk of prehypertension and hypertension among 286 children aged 4-12 years. We found the strongest effects of PM_2.5 exposure on increased BP and risk of prehypertension and hypertension at lag 2 day, in dose-response manner, even when PM_2.5 below Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) Grade II. Moreover, compared to PM_2.5, tracheobronchial and alveolar depositions displayed more evident effects on BP outcomes. Interestingly, all above relationships were stronger among children in Guangzhou with lower PM_2.5 and its deposited doses than those in Weinan. Additionally, boys and those with daily extra-school activity ≥ 1 h were more susceptible to PM_2.5-induced BP effects with significant interactions. Our results highlighted that short-term PM_2.5 exposure and its respiratory tract depositions were dose-responsive related to higher BP, prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among children, even when PM_2.5 below CAAQS II.

Role of dyslipidemia in early vascular aging syndrome

Background/aim

Arterial stiffness, known as a predictor of early vascular aging, was defined as the main determinant of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the relationship between lipid profile and increased arterial stiffness is not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between lipid profiles and increased arterial stiffness in patients with early vascular aging syndrome.

Materials and methods

A total of 1582 participants —504 (31.8%) of were male and the mean age was 52.8 ±14.2 years— were included in the study . Patients who applied to the hospital for various reasons and who had undergone 24-h blood pressure Holter monitoring were included in this study. Patients were divided into four groups according to pulse wave velocity (PWV) quartiles (Q1 (<6.3), Q2 (6.3–7.4), Q3 (7.5–8.8), Q4 (>8.8)).

Results

We found that in the highest PWV group, patients had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), uric acid(UA), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein ( LDL-C), triglycerid (TG), and non- high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C ) levels. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (dm), age, non-HDL-C, and TG/ HDL-C levels were detected as independent risk factors of increased PWV in ordinal logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that lipid parameters are strongly correlated with increased PWVvalue and early vascular aging. In daily clinical practice, TG\HDL-C ratio, known as atherogenic index, might be used routinely for predicted of early vascular aging and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Novel Biomarkers of Early Atherosclerotic Changes for Personalised Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Infection

Cervical cancer is associated with a causative role of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a highly prevalent infection. Recently, women with a genital HPV infection were found to have increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including severe cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The pathomechanisms of this relation are not yet fully understood, and may significantly affect the health of a large part of the population. Accelerated atherosclerosis is assumed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of this relationship. To identify high-risk groups of the population, it is necessary to stratify the CVD risk. Current algorithms, as widely used for the estimation of CVD risk, seem to be limited by the individual misclassification of high-risk subjects. However, personalised prediction of cardiovascular events is missing. Regarding HPV-related CVD, identification of novel sensitive biomarkers reflecting early atherosclerotic changes could be of major importance for such personalised cardiovascular risk prediction. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathomechanisms leading to HPV-related cardiovascular diseases with respect to atherosclerosis, and the description of potential novel biomarkers to detect the earliest atherosclerotic changes important for the prevention of CVD in HPV infection and cervical cancer.

Association between different lipid parameters and aortic stiffness: clinical and therapeutic implication perspectives

INTRODUCTION

Recommendations about lipid parameters varied from different guidelines. Aortic stiffness is a marker of vascular aging and may reflect occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of aortic stiffness, can be measured by applanation tonometry. The purpose of our study was to test the associations between lipid parameters and aortic stiffness.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012 to 2017, 603 participants were included: 517 patients and 86 'healthy' individuals used to calculate the theoretical PWV. Lipid parameters, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, triglycerides/HDL ratio and LDL/HDL ratio were measured. Theoretical PWV can be calculated according to age, sex, mean blood pressure and heart rate, allowing to form an individual PWV index [(measured PWV - theoretical PWV)/theoretical PWV]. PWV index [(measured PWV -  theoretical PWV)/theoretical PWV] greater than 0 defined aortic stiffness.

RESULTS

In multiple linear regression analyses, total cholesterol (P = 0.03), LDL (P = 0.04), non-HDL (P = 0.03), total cholesterol/HDL (P = 0.01) and LDL/HDL (P = 0.03) were significantly correlated with PWV. In multiple logistic regression analyses, non-HDL [OR = 1.12 (1.04-1.20), P = 0.01, R value: 0.224], total cholesterol/HDL [OR = 1.12 (1.02-1.22), P = 0.03, R value: 0.219] and total cholesterol [OR = 1.11 (1.01-1.23), P = 0.03, R value: 0.209] were significantly associated with aortic stiffness.

CONCLUSION

Non-HDL, total cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL were significantly associated with aortic stiffness than others and especially individually lipid parameters. This result should be considered in future clinical lipid-lowering trials.

Short-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Aortic and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ameliorates Serum Lipid Parameters in Healthy Korean Participants: Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study

The current study was designed to investigate the short-term effects of policosanol consumption on blood pressure (BP) and the lipid parameters in healthy Korean participants with prehypertension. A total of 84 healthy participants were randomly allocated to three groups receiving placebo, 10 mg of policosanol, or 20 mg of policosanol for 12 weeks. Based on an average of three measurements of peripheral BP, the policosanol 20 mg group exhibited the most significant reduction, that is, up to 7.7% reduction of average systolic BP (SBP) from 136.3 ± 6.1 mmHg (week 0) to 125.9 ± 8.6 mmHg (week 12, p < 0.001). Between group comparisons using repeated measures ANOVA showed that the policosanol 20 mg group had a significant reduction of SBP at 12 weeks (p = 0.020) and a reduction of diastolic BP (DBP) at 8 weeks (p = 0.041) and 12 weeks (p = 0.035). The policosanol 10 mg and 20 mg groups showed significant reductions in aortic SBP of 7.4% and 8.3%, respectively. The policosanol groups showed significant reductions of total cholesterol (TC) of 9.6% and 8.6% and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) of 21% and 18% for 10 mg and 20 mg of policosanol, respectively. Between group comparisons using repeated measures ANOVA showed that the policosanol (10 mg and 20 mg) groups at 12 weeks had a significant reduction of TC (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.001) and LDL-C (p = 0.00005 and p = 0.0001) and elevation of %HDL-C (p = 0.048 and p = 0.014). In conclusion, 12-week consumption of policosanol resulted in significant reductions of peripheral SBP and DBP, aortic SBP and DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and serum TC and LDL-C with elevation of % HDL-C.

Association between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and low muscle mass in Chinese elderly people

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) and low muscle mass (LMM) in elderly people.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Chinese PLA General Hospital with 3240 participants who underwent a health check-up examination between February 2016 and February 2017. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between GNRI and LMM.

RESULTS

The mean age of the participants in the study was 64.6 years. The mean appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was 8.92 ± 0.93 kg/m² in men and 7.62 ± 0.73 kg/m² in women. The incidences of LMM were 7.9% in men and 3.7% in women. Linear regression demonstrated that GNRIs were positively correlated with ASMIs in both men and women (β = 0.055 for men and 0.039 for women, all P < 0.001). The cut-off point of the GNRI in elderly people for LMM was 104.0 in men and 107.0 in women and were identified by Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Logistic regression showed that both men and women with decreased GNRIs had higher ratios of LMM [odds ratio (OR) = 3.904 for men and 4.486 for women, P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively].

CONCLUSIONS

Elderly people with a low GNRI had a higher incidence of LMM, which suggested that GNRI had a close relationship with LMM and that it could be a good indicator in identifying senior people who need further nutritional support and physical activity.

Long-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Central and Brachial Blood Pressure and Improves Lipid Profile With Enhancement of Lipoprotein Properties in Healthy Korean Participants

Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with higher risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of policosanol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and the lipid profile in healthy Korean participants with pre-hypertension (systolic 120–139 mmHg, diastolic 85–89 mmHg). This randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial included 84 healthy participants who were randomly assigned to three groups receiving 10 mg of policosanol, 20 mg of policosanol, or placebo for 24 weeks. The BP, lipid profile, and anthropometric factors were measured pre- and post-intervention and then compared. Based on an average of three measurements of brachial BP, the policosanol 20 mg group showed the most significant reduction in average systolic BP (SBP) from 138 ± 12 mmHg at week 0 to 126 ± 13 mmHg at week 24 (p < 0.0001). The policosanol 20 mg group also showed significant reductions in aortic SBP and DBP up to 9% (p = 0.00057) and 8% (p = 0.004), respectively compared with week 0. Additionally, blood renin and aldosterone levels were significantly reduced in the policosanol 20 mg group up to 63% (p < 0.01) and 42% (p < 0.05), respectively, at week 24. For the blood lipid profile, the policosanol 10 mg and 20 mg groups showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) of around 8% (p = 0.029) and 13% (p = 0.0004), respectively, at week 24 compared with week 0. Serum HDL-C level significantly increased up to 16% and 12% in the policosanol 10 mg (p = 0.002) and 20 mg (p = 0.035) group, respectively. The study results suggest that long-term policosanol consumption simultaneously reduces peripheral BP as well as aortic BP accompanied by elevation of HDL-C and % HDL-C in TC in a dose-dependent manner.

Slim Body Weight Is Highly Associated With Enhanced Lipoprotein Functionality, Higher HDL-C, and Large HDL Particle Size in Young Women

There has been no information about the correlations between body weight distribution and lipoprotein metabolism in terms of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). In this study, we analyzed the quantity and quality of HDL correlations in young women (21.5 ± 1.2-years-old) with a slim (n = 21, 46.2 ± 3.8 kg) or plump (n = 30, 54.6 ± 4.4 kg) body weight. Body weight was inversely correlated with the percentage of HDL-C in total cholesterol (TC). The plump group showed 40% higher body fat (26 ± 3 %) and 86% more visceral fat mass (VFM, 1.3 ± 0.3 kg) than the slim group, which showed 18 ± 2% body fat and 0.7 ± 0.2 kg of VFM. Additionally, the plump group showed 20% higher TC, 58% higher triglyceride (TG), and 12% lower HDL-C levels in serum. The slim group showed 34% higher apoA-I but 15% lower CETP content in serum compared to the plump group. The slim group showed a 13% increase in particle size and 1.9-fold increase in particle number with enhanced cholesterol efflux activity. Although the plump group was within a normal body mass index (BMI) range, its lipid profile and lipoprotein properties were distinctly different from those of the slim group in terms of CETP mass and activity, HDL functionality, and HDL particle size.