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Cénat JM, Broussard C, Darius WP, Onesi O, Auguste E, El Aouame AM, Ukwu G, Khodabocus SN, Labelle PR, Dalexis RD. Social mobilization, education, and prevention of the Ebola virus disease: A scoping review. Prev Med 2023; 166:107328. [PMID: 36356934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) remains a global public health concern with multiple outbreaks over the last five years. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the current state of knowledge on awareness, education, and community mobilization programs on EVD prevention. A comprehensive search strategy was executed in October 2021 across eight databases (APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science). According to the PRISMA flow diagram, out of the 4815 studies generated by the search, 33 were retained for extraction and were included in this scoping review. Findings revealed that cultural practices that increased the risk of Ebola transmission remain very prevalent, even educational and awareness campaigns. Levels of Ebola-related knowledge by community members varied widely. A large proportion of the Ebola-affected populations were not aware of modes of transmission and half were unaware of signs and symptoms. Interventions with deep community mobilization, collaboration and engagement were effective in changing cultural practices, and reducing rates of infection. Interventions in the health sector helped increase willingness to practice preventive methods and the maintenance of social distancing and patient handwashing. A majority of the population members received their information about EVD from the community and mass media (in most instances, through broadcasting stations). Community interventions with a collaborative approach are effective to prevent EVD. It is needed to build trust between communities and health care, but also to use local resources and cultural factors combined with the use of technologies of information to prevent EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Olivia Onesi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Gloria Ukwu
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Frimpong SO, Paintsil E. Community engagement in Ebola outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa and implications for COVID-19 control: A scoping review. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 126:182-192. [PMID: 36462575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a paucity of scoping data on the specific roles community engagement played in preventing and managing the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the role, benefits, and mechanisms of community engagement to understand its effect on EVD case detection, survival, and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The implications for COVID-19 prevention and control were also highlighted. METHODS We searched for articles between 2010 and 2020 in the MEDLINE and Embase databases. The study types included were randomized trials, quasiexperimental studies, observational studies, case series, and reports. RESULTS A total of 903 records were identified for screening. A total of 216 articles met the review criteria, 103 were initially selected, and 44 were included in the final review. Our findings show that effective community involvement during the EVD outbreak depended on the survival rates, testimonials of survivors, risk perception, and the inclusion of community leaders. Community-based interventions improved knowledge and attitudes, case findings, isolation efforts, and treatment uptake. CONCLUSION Although the studies included in this review were of highly variable quality, findings from this review may provide lessons for the role of community engagement in the COVID-19 pandemic's prevention and control in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Osei Frimpong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
| | - Elijah Paintsil
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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Peña-Y-Lillo M, Guzmán P. Can High Exposure Help to Close Gaps? The Influence of COVID-19 Preventive Messages on Behavioral Intentions by Educational Attainment in Chile. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1544-1551. [PMID: 35791928 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The literature in the field of health communication has shown the existence of gaps between groups of different socioeconomic levels both in exposure to health campaign messages and in the influence these messages exert on individuals' health decisions. In this article, we examine the association between educational attainment and exposure to messages promoting COVID-19 preventive behaviors, namely, physical distancing, handwashing, and masks wearing in Chile. In addition, we model the association between exposure to these messages and the intentions to carry out the behaviors, as well as the differences attributable to educational attainment in the influence of exposure. A cross-sectional population survey combining online and telephone techniques was conducted among 3,592 adults in Chile. Regression analysis revealed that lower educational level and frequency of television use were positively associated with greater exposure to preventive messages. Exposure to preventive messages, in turn, was positively associated with intentions to maintain the three behaviors examined. Individuals in the lower educational attainment group had lower intentions to engage in two of the three behaviors, but those in these segments who were more exposed to preventive messages were as likely as their more educated counterparts to intend wearing masks and adhering to physical distance. The findings of this study underscore the importance of reaching the least educated segments with campaign messages in the context of public health crisis, since these messages can close gaps between the more and less educated group in their intentions to engage in preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Guzmán
- School of Advertising, Universidad Diego Portales
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Ghio D, Lawes-Wickwar S, Tang MY, Epton T, Howlett N, Jenkinson E, Stanescu S, Westbrook J, Kassianos AP, Watson D, Sutherland L, Stanulewicz N, Guest E, Scanlan D, Carr N, Chater A, Hotham S, Thorneloe R, Armitage CJ, Arden M, Hart J, Byrne-Davis L, Keyworth C. What influences people's responses to public health messages for managing risks and preventing infectious diseases? A rapid systematic review of the evidence and recommendations. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048750. [PMID: 34764167 PMCID: PMC8587350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual behaviour changes, such as hand hygiene and physical distancing, are required on a population scale to reduce transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, little is known about effective methods of communicating risk reducing information, and how populations might respond. OBJECTIVE To synthesise evidence relating to what (1) characterises effective public health messages for managing risk and preventing infectious disease and (2) influences people's responses to messages. DESIGN A rapid systematic review was conducted. Protocol is published on Prospero CRD42020188704. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched: Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO and Healthevidence.org, and grey literature (PsyarXiv, OSF Preprints) up to May 2020. STUDY SELECTION All study designs that (1) evaluated public health messaging interventions targeted at adults and (2) concerned a communicable disease spread via primary route of transmission of respiratory and/or touch were included. Outcomes included preventative behaviours, perceptions/awareness and intentions. Non-English language papers were excluded. SYNTHESIS Due to high heterogeneity studies were synthesised narratively focusing on determinants of intentions in the absence of measured adherence/preventative behaviours. Themes were developed independently by two researchers and discussed within team to reach consensus. Recommendations were translated from narrative synthesis to provide evidence-based methods in providing effective messaging. RESULTS Sixty-eight eligible papers were identified. Characteristics of effective messaging include delivery by credible sources, community engagement, increasing awareness/knowledge, mapping to stage of epidemic/pandemic. To influence intent effectively, public health messages need to be acceptable, increase understanding/perceptions of health threat and perceived susceptibility. DISCUSSION There are four key recommendations: (1) engage communities in development of messaging, (2) address uncertainty immediately and with transparency, (3) focus on unifying messages from sources and (4) frame messages aimed at increasing understanding, social responsibility and personal control. Embedding principles of behavioural science into public health messaging is an important step towards more effective health-risk communication during epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ghio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sadie Lawes-Wickwar
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mei Yee Tang
- Behavioural Science Policy Research Unit, Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Howlett
- Department of Psychology, Sports, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of West England, Bristol, UK
| | - Sabina Stanescu
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Watson
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lisa Sutherland
- Behavioural Insight for Public Affairs, Ipsos Mori, Edinburgh & London, UK
| | - Natalia Stanulewicz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research,Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel Scanlan
- Department of Communication, Policy, and Research, Education Support, London, UK
| | - Natalie Carr
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Health, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Angel Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Sarah Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Rachael Thorneloe
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester; and NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Madelynne Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jo Hart
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucie Byrne-Davis
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Keyworth
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Zhou L, Xie RH, Yang X, Zhang S, Li D, Zhang Y, Liu J, Pakhale S, Krewski D, Wen SW. Feasibility and Preliminary Results of Effectiveness of Social Media-based Intervention on the Psychological Well-being of Suspected COVID-19 Cases during Quarantine. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:736-738. [PMID: 32483978 PMCID: PMC7502876 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720932041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lepeng Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ri-Hua Xie
- Department of Nursing, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxian Yang
- Nursing School, Wuxi Taihu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sumin Zhang
- General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,Division of Quarantine, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Difei Li
- Division of Quarantine, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinglan Zhang
- Fever Clinic, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of Nursing, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Smita Pakhale
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.,OMNI Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Risk Science International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,OMNI Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Verlinden DA, Schuller AA, Verrips GHW, Reijneveld SA. Effectiveness of a short web-based film targeting parental oral health knowledge in a well-child care setting. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:226-232. [PMID: 32396668 PMCID: PMC7317767 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Young children rely on their parents with respect to oral health routines. However, parental knowledge on this topic is often insufficient. Well‐child care may be an excellent route to reach parents because almost all of them attend. To evaluate the effectiveness of an 8.5 min web‐based film about oral health, provided by well‐child care, a non‐blinded quasi‐experimental study was performed. Parents attending well‐child care clinics in the Netherlands were assigned to an intervention (n = 88) or control group (n = 41). The control group received care as usual. We measured parental knowledge of oral health with a questionnaire (range of scores 1–12) before and directly after the intervention, and 6 months later, and assessed differences between the intervention and the control group. Parental oral health knowledge improved after watching the film: the intervention group’s mean score of 11.1 (SD 1.3) was greater than the mean score of 7.1 (SD 2.0) of the control group (Cohen's d = 2.64). Scores remained higher in the intervention group 6 months after watching the film (mean 9.1, SD 1.3) than before (Cohen's d = 1.25). A web‐based educational film delivered in a well‐child care setting can be an effective way to address oral health and to improve parental knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Ashley Verlinden
- Centre of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A Schuller
- Centre of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert H W Verrips
- Centre of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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