1
|
Porticella N, Cannon JS, Wu CL, Ferguson SG, Thrasher JF, Hackworth EE, Niederdeppe J. Recruitment Methods, Inclusion, and Successful Participation in a Longitudinal Clinical Trial Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:280-290. [PMID: 38008973 PMCID: PMC10980577 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231210520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Underrepresentation of historically marginalized populations in clinical trials continues to threaten the validity of health intervention research. Evidence supports the merits of intercept and other proactive forms of recruitment for achieving more equitable representation. However, researchers also report lower retention and adherence to protocols among these populations, particularly in longitudinal studies. Few studies have compared recruitment methods for longitudinal randomized trials testing health interventions, with even fewer having done so for trials involving ecological momentary assessment (EMA). As intervention research integrates EMA and other data collection approaches requiring substantial participant effort, it is critical to better understand the effectiveness and implications of strategies to improve the representativeness of health research. This secondary data analysis compared outcomes of proactive and reactive recruitment strategies (mobile lab intercepts and internet/flyer advertising, respectively) in study inclusion, task completion, and retention within a 14-day randomized controlled trial that used EMA to evaluate cigarette package health messages. Proactive recruitment resulted in higher proportions of participants with low income and education, limited health literacy, and of diverse racial/ethnic makeup. However, this recruitment method also resulted in lower task completion, especially in the second week of the trial period, and lower retention, although group differences were not explained by participant sociodemographic characteristics targeted by inclusion efforts. We conclude that proactive recruitment via intercepts is an effective strategy for health intervention research that aims to include stakeholders from historically marginalized groups but that researchers and funders must recognize these methods require additional resources, considerations, and capacity to address non-trivial challenges to successful participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie S. Cannon
- Department of English and Communication Studies, Roanoke College, Salem, VA, USA
| | - Chung Li Wu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stuart G. Ferguson
- Tasmania School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Emily E. Hackworth
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grube JW, Lipperman-Kreda S, García-Ramírez G, Paschall MJ, Abadi MH. California's tobacco 21 minimum sales age law and adolescents' tobacco and nicotine use: differential associations among racial and ethnic groups. Tob Control 2022; 31:e126-e133. [PMID: 34193606 PMCID: PMC8716668 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A California, USA, law raised the minimum tobacco sales age to 21 (T21) on 9 June 2016. We investigated whether T21 was associated with reductions adolescents' use of tobacco cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes and whether these associations differed across racial and ethnic groups. METHODS Secondary analyses of data from 2 956 054 7th, 9th and 11th grade students who participated in the California Healthy Kids Survey from 2010-11 to 2017-2018. RESULTS Multilevel mixed effects logistic regression analyses showed that T21 was associated with reduced prevalence of lifetime smokeless tobacco and e-cigarette use and past month smokeless tobacco use in the overall student population. T21 was associated with increases in prevalence of past month e-cigarette use. Moderation analyses indicated differences by racial and ethnic groups. Notably, T21 was associated with reductions in lifetime and past 30-day use of all tobacco and nicotine products among Latinx youth. The findings were more mixed for other racial and ethnic groups. Slopes analyses indicated that T21 was associated with accelerated downward trends for 30-day cigarette and smokeless use; moderated trends for lifetime cigarette smoking such that downward slopes became less steep; and reversed downward trends for e-cigarette use. Changes in slopes varied across racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex associations that T21 and other tobacco control policies have with the use of different tobacco and nicotine products among racial and ethnic groups. Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying these differences to inform tobacco control efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel W Grube
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sharon Lipperman-Kreda
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Grisel García-Ramírez
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mallie J Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Melissa H Abadi
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Louisville Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Breland AB, Carroll D, Denlinger-Apte R, Ross JC, Soto C, White C, Donny EC, Fagan P, Gardiner P, Eissenberg T, Guy MC. Centering racial justice for Black/African American and Indigenous American people in commercial tobacco product regulation. Prev Med 2022; 165:107117. [PMID: 35716811 PMCID: PMC9722549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although overall health in the United States (US) has improved dramatically during the past century, long-standing health inequities, particularly the unequal and unjust burden of tobacco-related disease and death among racialized populations, persist. A considerable gap exists in our understanding of how commercial tobacco product regulations and policies cause and/or exacerbate race-based health inequities among Black/African American (B/AA) and Indigenous American people. The purpose of this paper is to 1) describe how existing US commercial tobacco regulatory policies may contribute to structural racism and undermine the full benefits of tobacco prevention and control efforts among B/AA and Indigenous American groups; and 2) initiate a call to action for researchers and regulators of tobacco products to examine policies using an equity lens. These actions are imperative if empirically-informed regulation of commercial tobacco products is to address health equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Breland
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, 100 W. Franklin St., Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
| | - Dana Carroll
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Rachel Denlinger-Apte
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Claradina Soto
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, SSB 300 2001 N. Soto Street, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Cassidy White
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Eric C Donny
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Pebbles Fagan
- University of Arkansas for Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, 4301 West Markham, # 820, Little Rock, AK 72205, USA.
| | - Phillip Gardiner
- African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council, 390 Fourth Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, 100 W. Franklin St., Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
| | - Mignonne C Guy
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, 100 W. Franklin St., Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of African American Studies, 816 W. Franklin St., Box 842509, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crocetti AC, Cubillo (Larrakia) B, Lock (Ngiyampaa) M, Walker (Yorta Yorta) T, Hill (Torres Strait Islander) K, Mitchell (Mununjali) F, Paradies (Wakaya) Y, Backholer K, Browne J. The commercial determinants of Indigenous health and well-being: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010366. [PMID: 36319033 PMCID: PMC9628540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health inequity within Indigenous populations is widespread and underpinned by colonialism, dispossession and oppression. Social and cultural determinants of Indigenous health and well-being are well described. Despite emerging literature on the commercial determinants of health, the health and well-being impacts of commercial activities for Indigenous populations is not well understood. We aimed to identify, map and synthesise the available evidence on the commercial determinants of Indigenous health and well-being. METHODS Five academic databases (MEDLINE Complete, Global Health APAPsycInfo, Environment Complete and Business Source Complete) and grey literature (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Google Scholar, Google) were systematically searched for articles describing commercial industry activities that may influence health and well-being for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries. Data were extracted by Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers and narratively synthesised. RESULTS 56 articles from the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden were included, 11 of which were editorials/commentaries. The activities of the extractive (mining), tobacco, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, alcohol and gambling industries were reported to impact Indigenous populations. Forty-six articles reported health-harming commercial practices, including exploitation of Indigenous land, marketing, lobbying and corporate social responsibility activities. Eight articles reported positive commercial industry activities that may reinforce cultural expression, cultural continuity and Indigenous self-determination. Few articles reported Indigenous involvement across the study design and implementation. CONCLUSION Commercial industry activities contribute to health and well-being outcomes of Indigenous populations. Actions to reduce the harmful impacts of commercial activities on Indigenous health and well-being and future empirical research on the commercial determinants of Indigenous health, should be Indigenous led or designed in collaboration with Indigenous peoples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Connor Crocetti
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beau Cubillo (Larrakia)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Lock (Ngiyampaa)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Troy Walker (Yorta Yorta)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Hill (Torres Strait Islander)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yin Paradies (Wakaya)
- Deakin University Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Browne
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liber AC, Sánchez-Romero LM, Cadham CJ, Yuan Z, Li Y, Oh H, Cook S, Warner KE, Henriksen L, Mistry R, Meza R, Fleischer NL, Levy DT. Tobacco Couponing: A Systematic Review of Exposures and Effects on Tobacco Initiation and Cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1523-1533. [PMID: 35143678 PMCID: PMC9575981 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco couponing continues to be part of contemporary tobacco marketing in the United States. We performed a systematic review of the evidence of tobacco product coupon receipt and redemption to inform regulation. AIMS AND METHODS We searched EMBASE OVID and Medline databases for observational (cross-sectional and longitudinal) studies that examined the prevalence of tobacco coupon receipt and coupon redemption across different subpopulations, as well as studies of the association between coupon receipt and redemption with tobacco initiation and cessation at follow-up. We extracted unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the associations between coupon exposure (receipt, redemption) and tobacco use outcomes (initiation, cessation) and assessed each studies' potential risk of bias. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met the criteria for inclusion. Of 60 observations extracted, 37 measured coupon receipt, nine measured coupon redemption, eight assessed tobacco use initiation, and six assessed cessation. Tobacco product coupon receipt and redemption tended to be more prevalent among younger adults, women, lower education individuals, members of sexual and gender minorities, and more frequent tobacco users. Coupon receipt at baseline was associated with greater initiation. Coupon receipt and redemption at baseline were associated with lower cessation at follow-up among tobacco users. Results in high-quality studies did not generally differ from all studies. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco product coupon receipt and redemption are often more prevalent among price-sensitive subpopulations. Most concerning, our results suggest coupon receipt may be associated with higher tobacco initiation and lower tobacco cessation. Couponing thereby increases the toll of tobacco use and could prove to be a viable public health policy intervention point. IMPLICATIONS A systematic review was conducted of the scientific literature about the receipt, redemption, and effects on tobacco initiation and cessation of tobacco product couponing. This review found that tobacco coupons are more often received by price-sensitive persons and these coupons serve to increase tobacco initiation and decrease tobacco cessation. Policy efforts to address these consequences may help curb tobacco's harms and address health inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Liber
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luz María Sánchez-Romero
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher J Cadham
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yameng Li
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hayoung Oh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth E Warner
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Henriksen
- Department of Oncology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David T Levy
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maddox R, Kennedy M, Waa A, Drummond A, Hardy BJ, Soto C, Tautolo ES, Colonna E, Gifford H, Clark H, Lee JP, Henderson PN, Upton P, Bradbrook SK, Wells S, Martinez SA, Calma T. Clearing the Air: Conflicts of Interest and the Tobacco Industry's Impact on Indigenous Peoples. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:933-936. [PMID: 34929032 PMCID: PMC9048951 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raglan Maddox
- Modewa Clan, Papua New Guinea
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian Nation University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle Kennedy
- Wiradjuri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Andrew Waa
- Ngāti Hine/Ngāpuhi
- Eru Pomare Māori Health Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand Eru Pomare Māori Health Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Ali Drummond
- Meriam and Wuthathi
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Billie-Jo Hardy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claradina Soto
- Navajo/Jemez Pueblo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - El-Shadan Tautolo
- Samoa/Ngāti Tapuniu
- AUT Pacific Health Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Colonna
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian Nation University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Heather Gifford
- Ngāti Hauiti
- Whakauae Research Services, Research for Māori Health & Development, Whanganui, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Hershel Clark
- Navajo Nation (Diné)
- Black Hills Center for American Indian Health. Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Juliet P Lee
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation-California, Prevention Research Center. Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Penney Upton
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Shavaun Wells
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian Nation University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Taungurung
| | - Sydney A Martinez
- Cherokee Nation Citizen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tom Calma
- Elder from the Kungarakan tribal group and a member of the Iwaidja tribal group
- Indigenous tobacco control advocate. Consultant to the Commonwealth Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramos GG, Sussman S, Moerner L, Unger JB, Soto C. Project SUN: Pilot Study of a Culturally Adapted Smoking Cessation Curriculum for American Indian Youth. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2022; 51:10-31. [PMID: 35788160 DOI: 10.1177/00472379221111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
American Indian Alaska Native (AIAN) youth have disproportionately higher rates of commercial tobacco product use compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. These rates underscore a need for commercial tobacco product cessation interventions that are culturally informed. This project studied the development, implementation, and some impact data of an adapted version of Project EX, an evidence-based intervention for teen smoking cessation. Implementation challenges resulted in a change from a three-arm to a single-arm trial with 37 AIAN youth who participated in an eight-week curriculum. Intent-to-treat analysis with biochemical validation results indicated that 32% (N = 12/37) of youth quit smoking at the three-month follow-up. Participants reported being satisfied with the program overall and enjoying the culturally adapted activities. This study detailed the program's adaptation and lessons learned during implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Sussman
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lou Moerner
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Claradina Soto
- 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carroll DM, Cole A. Racial/ethnic group comparisons of quit ratios and prevalences of cessation-related factors among adults who smoke with a quit attempt. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:58-68. [PMID: 34752715 PMCID: PMC8821374 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1977310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking-related disparities exist among racial/ethnic minoritized groups. OBJECTIVE We compared quit ratios and smoking cessation-related protective and risk factors by race/ethnicity to inform approaches to reduce disparities. METHODS Among adults who smoke with a quit attempt from Wave 4 (2016-2017) Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health Study, the following factors were examined by racial/ethnic group (American Indians/Alaska Native [AI/AN;n = 165], Black/African American [AA;n = 526], Asian [n = 38], Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Spanish [n = 475], or White [n = 1,960]), wherein each were nearly gender-balanced: cessation medications, counseling/self-help materials, home smoking ban, social support, e-cigarette use, sleep, and mental health. RESULTS Quit ratio was lower for AI/AN (adjusted odds ratio[aOR]:0.61) and Black/AA (aOR:0.49) and higher for Asian (aOR:1.90) and Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Spanish (aOR:1.30) than White adults. Medication use was low among all and lower among Black/AA (aOR:0.70) and Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Spanish (aOR:0.56) than White adults. Use of counseling/self-help materials were low among all and higher in AI/AN (aOR:1.85), Black/AA (aOR:1.87), and Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Spanish (aOR:1.49) than White adults. Presence of a smoking ban was lower among Black/AA (aOR:0.40) and higher in Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Spanish (aOR:1.59) than White adults. E-cigarette use was lower in Black/AA (aOR:0.53) and Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Spanish (aOR:0.43) than White adults. Sadness, anxiety, and sleep difficulties were higher in AI/AN (aORs:1.57, 1.50, 1.64) than White adults. CONCLUSIONS All racial/ethnic groups would benefit from policies and programs that increase cessation medications and counseling. Quit ratios were particularly low among Black/AA and AI/AN adults. Black/AA adults may benefit from efforts to increase smoking bans, while AI/AN adults may benefit from cessation approaches that simultaneously target sleep and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mowls Carroll
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ashley Cole
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Denlinger-Apte RL, Pacek LR, Ross JC, Bansal-Travers M, Donny EC, Hatsukami DK, Carroll DM. Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5311. [PMID: 34067652 PMCID: PMC8156883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers a low nicotine product standard for cigarettes, it is important to examine how people who smoke, especially individuals from priority populations disproportionately affected by smoking, perceive low nicotine content (LNC) cigarettes and their relative risk perceptions of alternative nicotine delivery system (ANDS) products, including e-cigarettes and snus, and medicinal nicotine. METHODS Data are from Wave 4 (2016-2017) of the adult Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH) Study. We examined respondents' absolute risk perceptions about nicotine, LNC cigarettes, ANDS products and medicinal nicotine; their relative risk perceptions of LNC cigarettes and ANDS products compared to conventional cigarettes; and their relative risk perceptions of medicinal nicotine compared to ANDS products. RESULTS The majority of respondents across priority smoking populations indicated snus, e-cigarettes, and LNC cigarettes were 'about the same' level of harmfulness or addictiveness as conventional cigarettes. The majority of respondents indicated e-cigarettes to be 'about the same' harmfulness as medicinal nicotine. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that adults who smoke cigarettes generally have misperceptions about the harms of nicotine and the relative risks of ANDS products and such misperceptions exist regardless of their racial/ethnic identity, sexual orientation, and gender identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Denlinger-Apte
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (R.L.D.-A.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Lauren R. Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
| | - Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (R.L.D.-A.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Maansi Bansal-Travers
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Eric C. Donny
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Dorothy K. Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA;
| | - Dana Mowls Carroll
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| |
Collapse
|