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Karimzadegan V, Koirala M, Sobhanverdi S, Merindol N, Majhi BB, Gélinas SE, Timokhin VI, Ralph J, Dastmalchi M, Desgagné-Penix I. Characterization of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A) and p-coumaroyl 3'-hydroxylase (CYP98A) from Leucojum aestivum, a source of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108612. [PMID: 38598867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AA) starts with the condensation of tyramine with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The latter derives from the phenylpropanoid pathway that involves modifications of trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and possibly 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, all potentially catalyzed by hydroxylase enzymes. Leveraging bioinformatics, molecular biology techniques, and cell biology tools, this research identifies and characterizes key enzymes from the phenylpropanoid pathway in Leucojum aestivum. Notably, we focused our work on trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (LaeC4H) and p-coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3'-hydroxylase (LaeC3'H), two key cytochrome P450 enzymes, and on the ascorbate peroxidase/4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (LaeAPX/C3H). Although LaeAPX/C3H consumed p-coumaric acid, it did not result in the production of caffeic acid. Yeasts expressing LaeC4H converted trans-cinnamate to p-coumaric acid, whereas LaeC3'H catalyzed specifically the 3-hydroxylation of p-coumaroyl shikimate, rather than of free p-coumaric acid or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. In vivo assays conducted in planta in this study provided further evidence for the contribution of these enzymes to the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both enzymes demonstrated typical endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization in Nicotiana benthamiana adding spatial context to their functions. Tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed roots as hotspots for phenylpropanoid-related transcripts and bulbs as hubs for AA biosynthetic genes, aligning with the highest AAs concentration. This investigation adds valuable insights into the phenylpropanoid pathway within Amaryllidaceae, laying the foundation for the development of sustainable production platforms for AAs and other bioactive compounds with diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Karimzadegan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Manoj Koirala
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sajjad Sobhanverdi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Natacha Merindol
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Bharat Bhusan Majhi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah-Eve Gélinas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Vitaliy I Timokhin
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, 53726, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mehran Dastmalchi
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
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Haist G, Sidjimova B, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Nikolova M, Denev R, Semerdjieva I, Bastida J, Berkov S. Metabolite profiling and histochemical localization of alkaloids in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) van Scheepen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154223. [PMID: 38507926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hippeastrum papilio (Amaryllidaceae) is a promising new source of galanthamine - an alkaloid used for the cognitive treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids are tissue - and organ-specific. In the present study, histochemical localization of alkaloids in H. papilio's plant organs with Dragendorff's reagent, revealed their presence in all studied samples. Alkaloids were observed in vascular bundles, vacuoles, and intracellular spaces, while in other plant tissues and structures depended on the plant organ. The leaf parenchyma and the vascular bundles were indicated as alkaloid-rich structures which together with the high proportion of alkaloids in the phloem sap (49.3% of the Total Ion Current - TIC, measured by GC-MS) indicates the green tissues as a possible site of galanthamine biosynthesis. The bulbs and roots showed higher alkaloid content compared to the leaf parts. The highest alkaloid content was found in the inner bulb part. GC-MS metabolite profiling of H. papilio's root, bulb, and leaves revealed about 82 metabolites (>0.01% of TIC) in the apolar, polar, and phenolic acid fractions, including organic acids, fatty acids, sterols, sugars, amino acids, free phenolic acids, and conjugated phenolic acids. The most of organic and fatty acids were in the peak part of the root, while the outermost leaf was enriched with sterols. The outer and middle parts of the bulb had the highest amount of saccharides, while the peak part of the middle leaf had most of the amino acids, free and conjugated phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Haist
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boriana Sidjimova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Nikolova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Denev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII #27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Tallini LR, Manfredini G, Rodríguez-Escobar ML, Ríos S, Martínez-Francés V, Feresin GE, Borges WDS, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Torras-Claveria L. The Anti-Cholinesterase Potential of Fifteen Different Species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Spain. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:536. [PMID: 38672806 PMCID: PMC11050805 DOI: 10.3390/life14040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Narcissus L. is a renowned plant genus with a notable center of diversity and is primarily located in the Mediterranean region. These plants are widely recognized for their ornamental value, owing to the beauty of their flowers; nonetheless, they also hold pharmacological importance. In Europe, pharmaceutical companies usually use the bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton to extract galanthamine, which is one of the few medications approved by the FDA for the palliative treatment of mild-to-moderate symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of these plants in Alzheimer's disease. The alkaloid extract from the leaves of different species of Narcissus was obtained by an acid-base extraction work-up -procedure. The biological potential of the samples was carried out by evaluating their ability to inhibit the enzymes acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE, respectively). The species N. jacetanus exhibited the best inhibition values against AChE, with IC50 values of 0.75 ± 0.03 µg·mL-1, while N. jonquilla was the most active against BuChE, with IC50 values of 11.72 ± 1.15 µg·mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana R. Tallini
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Giulia Manfredini
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universita’ Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - María Lenny Rodríguez-Escobar
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Segundo Ríos
- Estación Biológica Torretes-Jardín Botánico de la UA, Universidad de Alicante, Crtra. Sant Vicent del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Vanessa Martínez-Francés
- Department Biología Aplicada, Area de Botánica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gabriela E. Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 Oeste, San Juan 5400, Argentina
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viladomat
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Torras-Claveria
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhou J, Stringlis IA, Wen J, Liu Y, Xu S, Wang R. Interplay between Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, the bacteriome and phytopathogens in Lycoris radiata. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2258-2274. [PMID: 38105545 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a large group of plant secondary metabolites with various structures and activities. It is important to understand their functions in the interplay between plants and the beneficial and pathogenic microbiota. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) are unique secondary metabolites in Amaryllidaceae plants. Here, we studied the interplay between AAs and the bacteriome in Lycoris radiata, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant containing high amounts of AAs. The relationship between AAs and bacterial composition in different tissues of L. radiata was studied. In vitro experiments revealed that AAs have varying levels of antimicrobial activity against endophytic bacteria and pathogenic fungi, indicating the importance of AA synthesis in maintaining a balance between plants and beneficial/pathogenic microbiota. Using bacterial synthetic communities with different compositions, we observed a positive feedback loop between bacteria insensitive to AAs and their ability to increase accumulation of AAs in L. radiata, especially in leaves. This may allow insensitive bacteria to outcompete sensitive ones for plant resources. Moreover, the accumulation of AAs enhanced by insensitive bacteria could benefit plants when challenged with fungal pathogens. This study highlights the functions of alkaloids in plant-microbe interactions, opening new avenues for designing plant microbiomes that could contribute to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Ioannis A Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Jian Wen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, Nanjing, China
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5
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Dewes Neto B, Gomes-Copeland KKP, Silveira D, Gomes SM, Craesmeyer JMM, de Castro Nizio DA, Fagg CW. Influence of Sucrose and Activated Charcoal on Phytochemistry and Vegetative Growth in Zephyranthes irwiniana (Ravenna) Nic. García (Amaryllidaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:569. [PMID: 38475416 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Zephyranthes irwiniana (Ravenna) Nic. García is an endemic, red list threatened species from the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) with pharmacological potential to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This work analyzed the vegetative growth and phytochemistry of its potential compounds, in response to variations in sucrose concentration and activated carbon (AC). Seeds were germinated in vitro and in the greenhouse. The in vitro bulbs were separated in six treatments with different sucrose concentrations (30, 45 and 60 gL-1) and/or AC (1 gL-1). Biomass increases in individuals grown in the greenhouse were higher than those cultivated in vitro. Sucrose concentration significantly increased biomass and root number. AC had a positive influence on leaf and root size, and a negative influence on root number. GC-MS analyses indicated great variation in the abundance of α-terpenyl-acetate, ethyl linoleate, clionasterol and lycorine between treatments, with maximum concentrations of 53.06%, 38.68, 14.34% and 2.57%, respectively. Histolocalization tests indicated the presence of alkaloids in the leaf chlorenchyma and bulb cataphylls. Finally, the present study provided new evidence that the constitution of the culture medium directly influences the vegetative growth and phytochemistry of this species, providing a good medium condition for propagating the species under threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sueli Maria Gomes
- Department of Botany, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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6
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Tallini LR, da Silva CR, Jung T, Alves EDO, Baldin SL, Apel M, Timmers LFSM, Rico EP, Bastida J, Zuanazzi JAS. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Hippeastrum papilio (Ravenna) Van Scheepen (Amaryllidaceae) Using Zebrafish Brain Homogenates. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1721. [PMID: 37629578 PMCID: PMC10455992 DOI: 10.3390/life13081721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae family constitutes an interesting source of exclusive alkaloids with a broad spectrum of biological activity. Galanthamine, the most relevant one, has been commercialized for the palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease symptoms since 2001 due to its potential as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. In vitro screenings against AChE by applying different Amaryllidaceae species and alkaloids have been reported in the literature; however, they are usually carried out using purified market enzymes. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the AChE inhibitory potential of Hippeastrum papilio (Amaryllidaceae) extracts using zebrafish brain homogenates. The biological assays show that the H. papilio bulb extracts present an interesting AChE inhibitory activity in comparison with the positive reference control galanthamine (IC50 values of 1.20 ± 0.10 and 0.79 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively). The chemical profile of H. papilio shows that this species has a high amount of galanthamine, which may contribute to the inhibitory effect on AChE activity of zebrafish brains. Computational experiments were used to build the model for zebrafish AChE and to evaluate the interactions between galanthamine and the enzymic active site. This work suggests that zebrafish could represent an important model in the search for bioactive molecules from the Amaryllidaceae family for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana R. Tallini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (L.R.T.); (E.d.O.A.)
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila Rockenbach da Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil; (C.R.d.S.); (L.F.S.M.T.)
| | - Tatiana Jung
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil;
| | - Elen de Oliveira Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (L.R.T.); (E.d.O.A.)
| | - Samira Leila Baldin
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil (E.P.R.)
| | - Miriam Apel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (L.R.T.); (E.d.O.A.)
| | - Luis F. S. M. Timmers
- Centro de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil; (C.R.d.S.); (L.F.S.M.T.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil (E.P.R.)
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Angelo S. Zuanazzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (L.R.T.); (E.d.O.A.)
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Mehta N, Meng Y, Zare R, Kamenetsky-Goldstein R, Sattely E. A developmental gradient reveals biosynthetic pathways to eukaryotic toxins in monocot geophytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.12.540595. [PMID: 37214939 PMCID: PMC10197729 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous eukaryotic toxins that accumulate in geophytic plants are valuable in the clinic, yet their biosynthetic pathways have remained elusive. A lead example is the >150 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AmAs) including galantamine, an FDA-approved treatment for Alzheimer's disease. We show that while AmAs accumulate to high levels in many tissues in daffodils, biosynthesis is localized to nascent, growing tissue at the base of leaves. A similar trend is found for the production of steroidal alkaloids (e.g. cyclopamine) in corn lily. This model of active biosynthesis enabled elucidation of a complete set of biosynthetic genes for the production of AmAs. Taken together, our work sheds light on the developmental and enzymatic logic of diverse alkaloid biosynthesis in daffodil. More broadly, it suggests a paradigm for biosynthesis regulation in monocot geophytes where plants are protected from herbivory through active charging of newly formed cells with eukaryotic toxins that persist as aboveground tissue develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yifan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Richard Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Sanyal R, M M, Pandey S, Nandi S, Biswas P, Dewanjee S, Gopalakrishnan AV, Jha NK, Jha SK, Joshee N, Pandey DK, Dey A, Shekhawat MS. Biotechnological interventions and production of galanthamine in Crinum spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2155-2167. [PMID: 36922438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Genus Crinum L. is a member of the Amaryllidaceae family having beautiful, huge, ornamental plants with umbels of lily-like blooms that are found in tropical and subtropical climates all over the world. For thousands of years, Crinum has been used as a traditional medicine to treat illnesses and disorders. Numerous distinct alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae group, whose most well-known properties include analgesic, anticholinergic, antitumor, and antiviral, have recently been discovered by phytochemical analyses. However, because of decades of overexploitation for their economically significant bioactive ingredients and poor seed viability and germination rates, these plants are now threatened in their native environments. Because of these factors, researchers are investigating micropropagation techniques to optimize phytochemicals in vitro. This review's objective is to offer details on the distribution, phytochemistry, micropropagation, in vitro galanthamine synthesis, and pharmacology which will help to design biotechnological techniques for the preservation, widespread multiplication, and required secondary metabolite production from Crinum spp. KEY POINTS: • Botanical description and phytochemical profile of Crinum spp. • In vitro micropropagation method of Crinum sp. • Bioactive compound galanthamine isolation techniques and its pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700056, India
| | - Manokari M
- Department of Botany, Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 627002, India
| | - Sharmila Pandey
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700056, India
| | - Saheli Nandi
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700056, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Nirmal Joshee
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31088, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University Punjab, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, -605008, Puducherry, India.
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9
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Haist G, Sidjimova B, Vladimirov V, Georgieva L, Nikolova M, Bastida J, Berkov S. Morphological, cariological, and phytochemical studies of diploid and autotetraploid Hippeastrum papilio plants. PLANTA 2023; 257:51. [PMID: 36757512 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The polyploidization of Hippeastrum papilio influences its primary and secondary metabolism including the biosynthesis of bioactive alkaloids. Hippeastrum papilio is an ornamental plant that has advantages in comparison to the currently used plants for the extraction of galanthamine, a natural compound used for the cognitive treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, an autotetraploid line of H. papilio was induced for the first time, after treatment with 0.05% colchicine for 48 h. The chromosome number in diploids was found to be 2n = 2x = 22 and for autotetraploids 2n = 4x = 44. The flow cytometric analyses detected a DNA C-value of 14.88 ± 0.03 pg (1C) in diploids and 26.57 ± 0.12 pg in autotetraploids. The morphological, cytological, and phytochemical studies showed significant differences between diploids and autotetraploids. The length and width of stomata in autotetraploids were 22.47% and 17.94%, respectively, larger than those observed in the diploid leaves. The biomass of one-year-old autotetraploid H. papilio plants was reduced by 53.99% for plants' fresh weight, 56.53% for leaves' fresh weight, and 21.70% for bulb diameter. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts from one-year-old diploid and autotetraploid H. papilio plants revealed over 60 primary and secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phenolic acids, sterols, saccharides, and alcohols, among others. Principal component analysis of the metabolite profiles indicates a divergence of the metabolism between diploid and autotetraploid plants. The content of galanthamine and haemanthamine was found to be 49.73% and 80.10%, respectively, higher in the leaves of autotetraploids, compared to the diploid ones. The biosynthesis of the saccharides shows a tendency to be upregulated in tetraploid plants, while that of phenolic acids was downregulated. Polyploidization of H. papilio creates possibilities for further crop improvement aimed at high-galanthamine-producing genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Haist
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boriana Sidjimova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Vladimirov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Milena Nikolova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII #27-31, Catalonia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Phenolic Acids and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Profiles in Leucojum aestivum L. In Vitro Plants Grown under Different Light Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041525. [PMID: 36838512 PMCID: PMC9958804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as efficient light sources for promoting in vitro plant growth and primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study investigated the effects of blue, red, and white-red LED lights on plant biomass growth, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, the production of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in Leucojum aestivum L. cultures. A white fluorescent light was used as a control. The plants that were grown under white-red and red light showed the highest fresh biomass increments. The blue light stimulated chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and flavonoid production. The white-red and blue lights were favourable for phenolic acid biosynthesis. Chlorogenic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and benzoic acids were identified in plant materials, with ferulic acid dominating. The blue light had a significant beneficial effect both on galanthamine (4.67 µg/g of dry weight (DW)) and lycorine (115 µg/g DW) biosynthesis. Red light treatment increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and high catalase activity was also observed in plants treated with white-red and blue light. This is the first report to provide evidence of the effects of LED light on the biosynthesis of phenolic acid and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in L. aestivum cultures, which is of pharmacological importance and can propose new strategies for their production.
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11
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Hu N, He YT, Lan P, Banwell MG, White LV. Six-step total syntheses of (−)-galanthamine and (−)-. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (−)-galanthamine (1) is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor deployed clinically to treat the dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we describe a six-step synthesis of this natural product from simple, readily accessible starting materials. Enantioselective 1,2-reduction, Mitsunobu coupling, Heck cyclization and diastereoselective allylic oxidation reactions are used in our approach, which provides the shortest synthetic route to compound 1 reported to date. A simple modification to the closing stages of the sequence allows equally facile access to (−)-N-norgalanthamine (2), a compound with a range of distinctive biological properties. The concise and operationally simple synthetic protocols reported here could obviate the need to manipulate naturally sourced galanthamine in the pursuit of analogues required for pharmacological studies.
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12
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Munakata Y, Spina R, Slezack-Deschaumes S, Genestier J, Hehn A, Laurain-Mattar D. Screening of Endophytic Bacteria of Leucojum aestivum 'Gravety Giant' as a Potential Source of Alkaloids and as Antagonist to Some Plant Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102089. [PMID: 36296365 PMCID: PMC9609000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucojum aestivum is a medicinal plant belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family well known as a producer of alkaloids such as galanthamine and lycorine. However, the endophytic microbes that colonize different plant tissues without causing any damage have not been reported in this plant. Here, we explored the different endophytic bacterial communities isolated from different surface disinfected tissues of L. aestivum 'Gravety giant' and screened bacterial isolates producing alkaloids and their potential use as biocontrol agent against wheat pathogens. For that purpose, endophytic bacteria were isolated from bulbs, roots and shoots of L. aestivum. After taxonomical characterization, these microorganisms were screened for their ability to produce alkaloids using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and untargeted liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) strategies. We isolated 138 bacteria belonging to four phyla and 42 genera, mainly from roots and shoots. The most abundant genera were Rahnella in shoot, Patulibacter in bulb and Bacillus in roots. Among the different bacterial isolates, the methanolic extracts of Luteibacter rhizovicinus (LaBFB3301) and Commamonas denitrificans (LaBFS2103) slightly delayed the growth of F. graminearum colonies in in vitro dual tests against F. graminearum and M. nivale strains with 15.5% and 19.9% inhibition rates, respectively. These isolates are able to produce an indolic alkaloid tryptophol (C10H11NO, [M + H]+ 162.0913). These endophytic bacteria might be investigated to characterize the plant protection effect and the plant growth promotion effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Munakata
- Université de Lorraine—INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine—CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Rosella Spina
- Université de Lorraine—INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine—CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine—INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Dominique Laurain-Mattar
- Université de Lorraine—INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine—CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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13
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Alkaloid Composition and Biological Activities of the Amaryllidaceae Species Ismene amancaes (Ker Gawl.) Herb. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151906. [PMID: 35893610 PMCID: PMC9331871 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have always played a significant role in the search for new drugs. One of the most relevant alkaloid-containing plant groups is the Amaryllidaceae family, a source of exclusive structures with a wide variety of pharmacological activities. The aim of this work was to determine the alkaloid composition and biological potential of an extract from the bulbs of an endemic Peruvian Amaryllidaceae species Ismene amancaes (Ker Gawl.) Herb. The alkaloid profiling was carried out by GC-MS, which revealed the presence of 13 compounds, 2 of them unidentified. The plant extract was found to contain high amounts of lycoramine, a galanthamine-type alkaloid. The extract also presented low inhibitory potential against the enzymes AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 14.6 ± 0.6 and 37.6 ± 1.4 μg·mL−1, respectively, and good to moderate inhibitory activity against the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR-3 (chloroquine-resistant), with IC50 values of 3.78 ± 0.3 μg·mL−1. This is the first report of the alkaloid profile of a plant of the Ismene genus, which could be an interesting source of bioactive compounds.
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14
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Sierra K, de Andrade JP, R Tallini L, Osorio EH, Yañéz O, Osorio MI, Oleas NH, García-Beltrán O, de S Borges W, Bastida J, Osorio E, Cortes N. In vitro and in silico analysis of galanthine from Zephyranthes carinata as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113016. [PMID: 35483192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zephyranthes carinata Herb., a specie of the Amaryllidoideae subfamily, has been reported to have inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase. However, scientific evidence related to their bioactive alkaloids has been lacking. Thus, this study describes the isolation of the alkaloids of this plant, and their inhibition of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE), being galanthine the main component. Additionally, haemanthamine, hamayne, lycoramine, lycorine, tazettine, trisphaeridine and vittatine/crinine were also isolated. The results showed that galanthine has significant activity at low micromolar concentrations for eeAChE (IC50 = 1.96 μg/mL). The in-silico study allowed to establish at a molecular level the high affinity and the way galanthine interacts with the active site of the TcAChE enzyme, information that corroborates the result of the experimental IC50. However, according to molecular dynamics (MD) analysis, it is also suggested that galanthine presents a different inhibition mode that the one observed for galanthamine, by presenting interaction with peripheral anionic binding site of the enzyme, which prevents the entrance and exit of molecules from the active site. Thus, in vitro screening assays plus rapid computer development play an essential role in the search for new cholinesterase inhibitors by identifying unknown bio-interactions between bioactive compounds and biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jean Paulo de Andrade
- Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, CP 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Luciana R Tallini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-0000 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edison H Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Osvaldo Yañéz
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380494, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Manuel Isaías Osorio
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nora H Oleas
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, EC170301 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Warley de S Borges
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edison Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Natalie Cortes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué, Colombia.
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15
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Tousignant L, Diaz-Garza AM, Majhi BB, Gélinas SE, Singh A, Desgagne-Penix I. Transcriptome analysis of Leucojum aestivum and identification of genes involved in norbelladine biosynthesis. PLANTA 2022; 255:30. [PMID: 34981205 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of Leucojum aestivum led to the identification of 50 key genes associated with Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis including norbelladine synthase which localized in the cytosol and catalyzed norbelladine formation. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) are a large group of plant specialized metabolites, which are known for their biological activities. Although the general chemical reactions in the AA biosynthetic pathway have been proposed, the genes and enzymes of the pathway remain largely unstudied. All AAs are synthesized from a common precursor, norbelladine, by the condensation of tyramine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The enzyme norbelladine synthase (NBS) which catalyzes the condensation reaction has only been characterized at a molecular level from one species, and the subcellular localizations have not been explored. Hence, the intracellular compartments wherein the AAs are biosynthesized remain unknown. In this study, a first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum) was done to identify key genes associated with AA biosynthesis. Fifty orthologous genes were identified and deposited into GenBank. In addition, we identified and further characterized NBS from the transcriptome of L. aestivum and previously reported Narcissus papyraceus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LaNBS, NpNBS1 and NpNBS2 shared high amino acid identity. The heterologous expression of LaNBS produced a recombinant protein with NBS activity. Bioinformatic prediction and C-terminal GFP tagging in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana showed that LaNBS, NpNBS1 and NpNBS2 were likely localized to the cytosol which suggests that the AA biosynthesis starts in the cytosol. This study provides an Amaryllidaceae transcriptome that will be very helpful to identify genes for characterization studies in AA metabolism in planta or using heterologous systems. In addition, our study will facilitate the bioengineering of AA biosynthetic pathway in plants or in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Tousignant
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Aracely Maribel Diaz-Garza
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Bharat Bhusan Majhi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah-Eve Gélinas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Aparna Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagne-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
- Plant Biology Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
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16
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Fraser MD, Vallin HE, Davies JRT, Rowlands GE, Chang X. Integrating Narcissus-derived galanthamine production into traditional upland farming systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1389. [PMID: 33446764 PMCID: PMC7809449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder associated with progressive degeneration of memory and cognitive function. Galantamine is a licenced treatment for AD but supplies of the plant alkaloid that it is produced from, galanthamine, are limited. This three-year system study tested the potential to combine Narcissus-derived galanthamine production with grassland-based ruminant production. Replicate plots of permanent pasture were prepared with and without bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissus sown as lines into the sward. Two different fertiliser regimes were imposed. The above-ground green biomass of N. pseudonarcissus was harvested in early spring and the galanthamine yield determined. In the second harvest year a split-plot design was implemented with lines of N. pseudonarcissus cut annually and biennially. All plots were subsequently grazed by ewes and lambs and animal performance recorded. Incorporation of N. pseudonarcissus into grazed permanent pasture had no detrimental effects on the health or performance of the sheep which subsequently grazed the pasture. There was no consistency to the effects of fertiliser rates on galanthamine yields. There was no difference in overall galanthamine yield if N. pseudonarcissus was cut biennially (1.64 vs. 1.75 kg galanthamine/ha for annual combined vs biennial cuts respectively; s.e.d = 0.117 kg galanthamine/ha; ns). This study verified the feasibility of a dual cropping approach to producing plant-derived galanthamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Fraser
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 4AB, UK.
| | - H E Vallin
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 4AB, UK
| | - J R T Davies
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 4AB, UK
| | - G E Rowlands
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 4AB, UK
| | - X Chang
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Rd, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6JS, UK
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17
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Aleya F, Xianmin C, Anthony H, Meriel J. Relative expression of putative genes involved in galanthamine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis in Narcissus field and in vitro tissues. Gene 2021; 774:145424. [PMID: 33434626 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton contains Amaryllidaceae alkaloids namely galanthamine, lycorine, homolycorine, narciclasine, which are noted for their pharmaceutical properties such as for the treatment of early to mid-stage Alzheimer's diseases, cancer, tumor etc. Alkaloid biosynthesis using plant in vitro systems has been considered as a tool for drug discovery and the pathways are starting to be understood but still far from complete. Therefore, the study was emphasized to observe the relative expressions of putative genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in field grown bulbs and developing cell culture systems in Narcissus. MS media fortified with growth regulators were used for the development of tissue culture from Carlton twin-scale explants. MS medium with high auxin, 20 mg/l NAA was the best medium for callus growth and maintenance while media with low auxin, 4 mg/l NAA and MS basal media gave the maximum bulblets. Field tissues showed a higher amount of galanthamine content; i.e. basal plate (1050-1310 µg Gal/g FW) and bulb (980-1150 µg Gal/g FW) than the culture derived samples; callus (1.0-7.0 µg Gal/g FW) and bulblets (12-215 µg Gal/g FW) on a fresh weight (FW) basis. GC-MS chromatograms of samples under study also showed the presence of other important alkaloids i.e. lycorine, homolycorine, lycorenine, haemanthamine, crinamine, lycoramine and tazettine. RNA extracted from in vitro callus, bulblets and field grown bulb, basal plate were used for PCR to detect the relative expression of putative genes; P450, PAL, TYDC and NpO4OMT normalized to actin. The selected transcripts for P450s and TYDC were expressed in both field and in vitro tissues. Higher expressions of PAL were observed in calli than field samples. The expression of NpN4OMT was notably higher in field samples than in vitro tissues. Therefore, in vitro tissues could be a good source for the reproducible and easy extraction of alkaloids from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdausi Aleya
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Chang Xianmin
- Associate Pro-Vice Chancellor and Senior Lecturer, Crop Production Technology, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester Gloucestershire, GL7 6JS, United Kingdom.
| | - Hall Anthony
- Head of Plant Genomics, Anthony Hall Group, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jones Meriel
- Honorary Senior Lecturer, Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, The Biosciences Building, Crown Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
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18
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Zaragoza-Puchol D, Ortiz JE, Orden AA, Sanchez M, Palermo J, Tapia A, Bastida J, Feresin GE. Alkaloids Analysis of Habranthus cardenasianus (Amaryllidaceae), Anti-Cholinesterase Activity and Biomass Production by Propagation Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010192. [PMID: 33401696 PMCID: PMC7795992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants in the Amaryllidaceae family synthesize a diversity of bioactive alkaloids. Some of these plant species are not abundant and have a low natural multiplication rate. The aims of this work were the alkaloids analysis of a Habranthus cardenasianus bulbs extract, the evaluation of its inhibitory activity against cholinesterases, and to test several propagation strategies for biomass production. Eleven compounds were characterized by GC-MS in the alkaloid extract, which showed a relatively high proportion of tazettine. The known alkaloids tazettine, haemanthamine, and the epimer mixture haemanthidine/6-epi-haemanthidine were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory cholinesterases activity was not detected. Three forms of propagation were performed: bulb propagation from seed, cut-induced bulb division, and micropropagated bulbs. Finally, different imbibition and post-collection times were evaluated in seed germination assays. The best propagation method was cut-induced bulb division with longitudinal cuts into quarters (T1) while the best conditions for seed germination were 0-day of post-collection and two days of imbibition. The alkaloids analyses of the H. cardenasianus bulbs showed that they are a source of anti-tumoral alkaloids, especially pretazettine (tazettine) and T1 is a sustainable strategy for its propagation and domestication to produce bioactive alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zaragoza-Puchol
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C.P. 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier E. Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Alejandro A. Orden
- INTEQUI CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, C.P. D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina;
| | - Marianela Sanchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.S.); (J.P.)
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CITVM-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Campus Universitario, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Villa María, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Palermo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.S.); (J.P.)
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII # 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gabriela E. Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C.P. 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-264-421-1700 (ext. 410/294); Fax: +54-264-420-0289
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León KA, Inca A, Tallini LR, Osorio EH, Robles J, Bastida J, Oleas NH. Alkaloids of Phaedranassa dubia (Kunth) J.F. Macbr. and Phaedranassa brevifolia Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) from Ecuador and its cholinesterase-inhibitory activity. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2021; 136:91-99. [PMID: 32982003 PMCID: PMC7500283 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is considered the most common cause of dementia and, in an increasingly aging population worldwide, the quest for treatment is a priority. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are of main interest because of their cholinesterase inhibition potential, which is the main palliative treatment available for this disease. We evaluated the alkaloidal profile and the in vitro inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) of bulb alkaloid extract of Phaedranassa dubia and Phaedranassa brevifolia collected in Ecuador. Using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified typical Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in these species, highlighting the presence of lycorine-type alkaloids in P. dubia and haemanthamine/crinine-type in P. brevifolia. The species P. dubia and P. brevifolia showed inhibitory activities against AChE (IC50 values of 25.48 ± 0.39 and 3.45 ± 0.29 μg.mL-1, respectively) and BuChE (IC50 values of 114.96 ± 4.94 and 58.89 ± 0.55 μg.mL-1, respectively). Computational experiments allowed us to understand the interactions of the alkaloids identified in these samples toward the active sites of AChE and BuChE. In silico, some alkaloids detected in these Amaryllidaceae species presented higher estimated binding free energy toward BuChE than galanthamine. This is the first study about the alkaloid profile and biological potential of P. brevifolia species.
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Key Words
- AChE
- AChE, Acetylcholinesterase
- AE, alkaloid extract
- ATCI, acetylthiocholine iodide
- Alkaloids
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amaryllidaceae
- BTCI, butyrylthiocholine iodide
- BuChE
- BuChE, butyrylcholinesterase
- CD, circular dichroism
- DTNB, (5,5′-dithio-bis-[2-nitrobenzoic acid])
- Et2O, diethyl ether
- EtOAc, ethyl acetate
- GAL, galanthamine
- GC-MS, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
- IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MeOH, methanol
- Molecular docking
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Phaedranassa
- UV, ultraviolet
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Acosta León
- Grupo de Investigación de Productos Naturales y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador
| | - Alexandra Inca
- Grupo de Investigación de Productos Naturales y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador
| | - Luciana R Tallini
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Edison H Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730001, Colombia
| | - Jessica Robles
- Grupo de Investigación de Productos Naturales y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nora H Oleas
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito EC170301, Ecuador
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20
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Metabolic Profiling of Primary Metabolites and Galantamine Biosynthesis in Wounded Lycoris radiata Callus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111616. [PMID: 33233833 PMCID: PMC7699913 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic factors that lead to wounding stress. Different plants exhibit diverse defense mechanisms through which various important metabolites are synthesized. Humans can exploit these mechanisms to improve the efficacy of existing drugs and to develop new ones. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of wounding stress on the different plant parts, such as leaves, stems, and roots. To date, however, no study has investigated the accumulation of primary and galantamine content following the exposure of a callus to wounding stress. Therefore, in the present study, we exposed Lycoris radiata calli to wounding stress and assessed the expression levels of several genes involved in metabolic pathways at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure). Furthermore, we quantify the primary and galantamine content using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the high-performance liquid chromatography qRT-PCR analysis of eight galantamine pathway genes (LrPAL-2, LrPAL-3, LrC4H-2, LrC3H, LrTYDC2, LrN4OMT, LrNNR, and LrCYP96T) revealed that seven genes, except LrN4OMT, were significantly expressed following exposure to wounding stress. Galantamine contents of calli after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure were respectively 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 5.0, 5.0, and 8.5 times higher than that after 0 h of exposure. Furthermore, a total of 48 hydrophilic metabolites were detected in the 0 h exposed callus and 96 h exposed callus using GC-TOFMS. In particular, a strong positive correlation between galantamine and initial precursors, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, was observed.
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Rahimi Khonakdari M, Rezadoost H, Heydari R, Mirjalili MH. Effect of photoperiod and plant growth regulators on in vitro mass bulblet proliferation of Narcissus tazzeta L. (Amaryllidaceae), a potential source of galantamine. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2020; 142:187-199. [PMID: 32836585 PMCID: PMC7238720 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-020-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Narcissus tazetta L., a bulbous plant belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, contains alkaloid galantamine (GAL) with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity which has been recently considered to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current work, the effect of photoperiod (16/8 h light/dark and 24 h dark) and various concentrations of NAA, BAP, and GA3 (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l‒1) on the in vitro mass bulblet regeneration of N. tazetta was studied. The GAL production ability of the regenerated bulblets was assessed by HPLC-UV-MS. Light treatments significantly affected the number of bulblet and leaf, the ratio of bulblet/leaf, and leaf length. The maximum number of bulblet (31.0 ± 1.58) and leaf (13.3 ± 1.33) was recorded from the cultures fortified with NAA and BAP (2 mg l‒1) kept in 16/8 h light/dark, while the maximum leaf length (2.1 ± 0.92 cm) was measured on the MS medium containing 0.5 mg l‒1 NAA and 2 mg l‒1 BAP incubated in the same photoperiod. The average ratio of bulblet proliferation per explant was significantly different between studied photoperiod (1.1 ± 0.86) and 24 h dark (0.62 ± 0.31). The regenerated bulblets contained 40 and 20 µg g‒1 DW GAL underexposed photoperiod and 24 h dark, respectively. This information could be useful in the commercial production of GAL as a valuable anti-AD compound through in vitro mass bulblet proliferation of N. tazetta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rahimi Khonakdari
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Heydari
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
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22
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Moreno R, Tallini LR, Salazar C, Osorio EH, Montero E, Bastida J, Oleas NH, Acosta León K. Chemical Profiling and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Five Phaedranassa Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) Species from Ecuador. Molecules 2020; 25:E2092. [PMID: 32365796 PMCID: PMC7248819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 50 million people in the world live with dementia, 60-70% of whom suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different factors are involved in the development of AD, including a reduction in the cholinergic neurotransmission level. The Amaryllidaceae plant family contains an exclusive, large, and still understudied alkaloid group characterized by a singular skeleton arrangement and a broad spectrum of biological activities. The chemistry and biodiversity of Ecuadorian representatives of the Phaedranassa genus (Amaryllidaceae) have not been widely studied. In this work, five Ecuadorian Phaedranassa species were examined in vitro for their activity towards the enzymes acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and the alkaloid profile of bulb extracts was analyzed by GC-MS. The species Phaedranassa cuencana and Phaedranassa dubia showed the most AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity, respectively. To obtain insight into the potential role of the identified alkaloids in these inhibitory effects, docking experiments were carried out, and cantabricine showed in silico inhibitory activity against both cholinesterase structures. Our results show that Amaryllidaceae species from Ecuador are a potential source of new drugs for the palliative treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Moreno
- Group of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.R.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Luciana R. Tallini
- Group of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.R.T.); (J.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación de Productos Naturales y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador; (C.S.); (E.M.); (K.A.L.)
| | - Edison H. Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Evelin Montero
- Grupo de Investigación de Productos Naturales y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador; (C.S.); (E.M.); (K.A.L.)
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Group of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.R.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Nora H. Oleas
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito EC170301, Ecuador
| | - Karen Acosta León
- Grupo de Investigación de Productos Naturales y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador; (C.S.); (E.M.); (K.A.L.)
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23
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Trujillo-Chacón LM, Pastene-Navarrete ER, Bustamante L, Baeza M, Alarcón-Enos JE, Cespedes-Acuña CL. In vitro micropropagation and alkaloids analysis by GC-MS of Chilean Amaryllidaceae plants: Rhodophiala pratensis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:46-56. [PMID: 31304645 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plants from Amaryllidaceae family are of interest since they produce a particular type of alkaloid useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, such as Galanthamine. Given the low content of these secondary metabolites in the plant, it is necessary to study mechanisms to increase the productivity of them. OBJECTIVE To obtain fast qualitative and quantitative analysis of the alkaloids and extend the understanding of biosynthesis and metabolism in these kinds of plants. Furthermore, establish a reliable, simple and fast analytical method for the in vitro callus culture of vegetative organs for Rhodophiala pratensis species. METHODS The alkaloids composition of the callus culture of R. pratensis were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS A methodology for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the alkaloids present in fresh callus culture of this wild plant species was established. The analysis showed alternation in the alkaloids type ratio and number of compounds between wild bulbs, in vitro bulbs and callus. It was possible to identify 24 alkaloids from a pool of 60 signals whose fragmentation pattern corresponds to the alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae plants. Together with the aforementioned, the amount and type of alkaloid present in the plant material obtained by in vitro culture of R. pratensis was determined in the same way. The results show the high biosynthetic potential of in vitro grown bulbs and callus tissue that are able to produce significant amounts of pharmacologically relevant alkaloids from R. pratensis in various proportions that depend on the culture conditions such as supplementation with growth substances. The in vitro grown bulbs produce an alkaloidal extract that contain a 52.6% w/w of alkaloids. CONCLUSION This study allowed the alkaloid content in callus culture of R. pratensis to be found by means of GC-MS. These results allowed a relationship between the type of growth regulator and the type of alkaloids found to be established. Finally, we can say that the results achieved to state that the production of alkaloids using different combinations of growth regulators could be directed during in vitro micropropagation from provided plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Trujillo-Chacón
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Dpto. de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edgar R Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Dpto. de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Bustamante
- Departamento de análisis instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Julio E Alarcón-Enos
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile
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24
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De Gussem E, Tehrani KA, Herrebout WA, Bultinck P, Johannessen C. Comparative Study of the Vibrational Optical Activity Techniques in Structure Elucidation: The Case of Galantamine. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14133-14139. [PMID: 31497733 PMCID: PMC6714543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The absolute configuration of the alkaloid galantamine was studied using a range of solution-state techniques; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and Raman optical activity (ROA). While the combined use of NMR and VCD does provide a fast, high-resolution methodology for determining the absolute configuration of galantamine, both techniques were needed in concert to achieve this goal. ROA, on the other hand, proved to be sensitive enough to assign the full absolute configuration without relying on other techniques. In both cases, statistical validation was applied to aid the determination of absolute configuration. In the case of galantamine, ROA combined with statistical validation is shown to be a powerful stand-alone tool for absolute configuration determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud De Gussem
- Ghent
Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan
281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter A. Herrebout
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Ghent
Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan
281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Johannessen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Natural Peptides in Drug Discovery Targeting Acetylcholinesterase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092344. [PMID: 30217053 PMCID: PMC6225273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory peptide has gained much importance since it can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and increase the availability of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses, enhancing cholinergic transmission in pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Natural peptides have received considerable attention as biologically important substances as a source of AChE inhibitors. These natural peptides have high potential pharmaceutical and medicinal values due to their bioactivities as neuroprotective and neurodegenerative treatment activities. These peptides have attracted great interest in the pharmaceutical industries, in order to design potential peptides for use in the prophylactic and therapy purposes. Some natural peptides and their derivatives have high commercial values and have succeeded in reaching the pharmaceutical market. A large number of peptides are already in preclinical and clinical pipelines for treatment of various diseases. This review highlights the recent researches on the various natural peptides and future prospects for AD management.
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Li W, Yang Y, Qiao C, Zhang G, Luo Y. Functional characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase- and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding genes from Lycoris radiata, a galanthamine-producing plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1264-1279. [PMID: 29894786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Galanthamine (GAL), the well-known Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, is a clinically used drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. L-Phenylalanine (Phe) and trans-cinnamic acid (CA) were enzymatically transformed into the catechol portion of GAL. Herein, a Phe ammonia-lyase-encoding gene LrPAL3 and a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding gene LrC4H were cloned from Lycoris radiata, a GAL-producing plant. LrPAL3 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. LrPAL3 catalyzes the forward deamination conversion of L-Phe into trans-CA. The 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro-L-Phe were deaminated to generate the corresponding 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro-trans-CA by LrPAL3. LrPAL3-catalyzed reverse hydroamination was confirmed by the conversion of trans-CA into L-Phe with exceptional regio- and stereo-selectivity. LrC4H was overexpressed in E. coli with tCamCPR, a cytochrome P450 reductase-encoding gene. LrC4H catalyzes the regioselective para-hydroxylation on trans-CA to form p-coumaric acid. The transcriptional levels of both LrPAL3 and LrC4H were positively associated with the GAL contents within the leaves and flowers of L. radiata, which suggested that their expression and function are co-regulated and involved in the biosynthesis of GAL. The present investigations on the biosynthetic genes of GAL will promote the development of synthetic biology platforms for this kind of important drug via metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Luo
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Ejsmond MJ, Provenza FD. Is doping of cognitive performance an anti-herbivore adaptation? Alkaloids inhibiting acetylcholinesterase as a case. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J. Ejsmond
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; ul. Gronostajowa 7 Kraków 30-387 Poland
- Department of Arctic Biology; The University Centre in Svalbard; Longyearbyen N-9171 Norway
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28
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Fraser MD, Davies JR, Chang X. New Gold in Them Thar Hills: Testing a Novel Supply Route for Plant-Derived Galanthamine. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 55:1321-1325. [PMID: 27834779 PMCID: PMC5181655 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many secondary plant compounds are synthesized in response to stressed growing conditions. We tested the feasibility of exploiting this feature in a novel strategy for the commercial production of the plant alkaloid galanthamine. Experimental lines of Narcissus pseudonarcissus were established under marginal upland permanent pasture at four different sites. Over 80% of bulbs successfully established at each site. There was no effect of altitude or planting density on galanthamine concentrations within vegetative tissues, which were higher than anticipated. The results confirm that planting N. pseudonarcissus under grass competition in upland areas could offer a novel and sustainable source of plant-derived galanthamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariecia D. Fraser
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - John R.T. Davies
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Xianmin Chang
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Rd, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, UK
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Saliba S, Ptak A, Boisbrun M, Spina R, Dupire F, Laurain-Mattar D. Stimulating effect of both 4’-O-methylnorbelladine feeding and temporary immersion conditions on galanthamine and lycorine production byLeucojum aestivumL. bulblets. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saliba
- SRSMC UMR 7565; Université de Lorraine-CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
- SRSMC UMR 7565; CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Agata Ptak
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - Michel Boisbrun
- SRSMC UMR 7565; Université de Lorraine-CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
- SRSMC UMR 7565; CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Rosella Spina
- SRSMC UMR 7565; Université de Lorraine-CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
- SRSMC UMR 7565; CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - François Dupire
- Service Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse; Université de Lorraine; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Dominique Laurain-Mattar
- SRSMC UMR 7565; Université de Lorraine-CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
- SRSMC UMR 7565; CNRS; Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
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Diamond A, Desgagné-Penix I. Metabolic engineering for the production of plant isoquinoline alkaloids. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1319-1328. [PMID: 26503307 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several plant isoquinoline alkaloids (PIAs) possess powerful pharmaceutical and biotechnological properties. Thus, PIA metabolism and its fascinating molecules, including morphine, colchicine and galanthamine, have attracted the attention of both the industry and researchers involved in plant science, biochemistry, chemical bioengineering and medicine. Currently, access and availability of high-value PIAs [commercialized (e.g. galanthamine) or not (e.g. narciclasine)] is limited by low concentration in nature, lack of cultivation or geographic access, seasonal production and risk of overharvesting wild plant species. Nevertheless, most commercial PIAs are still extracted from plant sources. Efforts to improve the production of PIA have largely been impaired by the lack of knowledge on PIA metabolism. With the development and integration of next-generation sequencing technologies, high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics analyses and bioinformatics, systems biology was used to unravel metabolic pathways allowing the use of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches to increase production of valuable PIAs. Metabolic engineering provides opportunity to overcome issues related to restricted availability, diversification and productivity of plant alkaloids. Engineered plant, plant cells and microbial cell cultures can act as biofactories by offering their metabolic machinery for the purpose of optimizing the conditions and increasing the productivity of a specific alkaloid. In this article, is presented an update on the production of PIA in engineered plant, plant cell cultures and heterologous micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Diamond
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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31
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Berkov S, Ivanov I, Georgiev V, Codina C, Pavlov A. Galanthamine biosynthesis in plant in vitro systems. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Strahil Berkov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Food Technologies; Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology; The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research; Florida A&M University; Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Carles Codina
- Departament de Productes Naturals; Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia; Facultat de Farmacia; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology; The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Food Technologies; Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Abstract
AbstractThe effects of growth retardants (paclobutrazol and ancymidol), sucrose, GA3 (gibberellic acid) and physical state of the medium (solid and liquid — Rita® temporary immersion system) on in vitro induction of Leucojum aestivum bulbs and their acclimatization were studied. Paclobutrazol, regardless of the physical state of the medium, stimulated the formation of bulbs (99.3%). Under the influence 90 g L−1 of sucrose or paclobutrazol the bulbs with the highest fresh weight (FW) were formed (250 mg and 208.8 mg, respectively). However, the addition of ancymidol to the liquid medium led to obtaining the bulbs showing the highest number of leaves and roots (63.2% and 91.7%, respectively). The scanning microscopy study proved that plants obtained in the medium containing GA3 produced the stomata which most closely resembled to the one observed in the mother plant. Cytometric analysis of all regenerants revealed absence of changes in the nuclear DNA content. The maximum survival rate (100%) was observed for plants derived from liquid medium containing 90 g L−1 of sucrose. Somewhat fewer plants were acclimatized after their cultivations in liquid medium enriched with paclobutrazol or ancymidol. The temporary immersion system led to perform successful ex vitro adaptation of Leucojum aestivum plants.
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Tsvetkova D, Danchev N, Nikolova I, Obreshkova D. Pharmacological investigations of new galantamine peptide esters. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:160-163. [PMID: 26019502 PMCID: PMC4433837 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.901685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galantamine hydrobromide (GAL) is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with properties to increase the concentration of acetylcholine in several brain structures. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of new galantamine peptide esters: 3,4-dichlorophenyl-alanil-leucil-glycine-galantamine (GAL-LEU) and 3,4-dichlorophenyl-alanil-valil-glycine-galantamine (GAL-VAL), on locomotor activity in mice and cognitive processes in experimental model of learning and memory in rats. The results showed that per oral administration of GAL-LEU in a dose of 3 mg per kg improved the cognitive processes by increasing the conditional avoidances and learning ability after the 5th day of application and preserved the memory at the 12th day of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrina Tsvetkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Danchev
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Nikolova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Danka Obreshkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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34
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Ivanov I, Georgiev V, Pavlov A. Elicitation of galanthamine biosynthesis by Leucojum aestivum liquid shoot cultures. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1122-9. [PMID: 23648110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid on galanthamine production, phenolic acid content and growth of Leucojum aestivum L. shoot culture, cultivated in submerged conditions were investigated. The best time-point for addition of elicitors was during the exponential phase of the culture growth. The maximal contents of galanthamine and lycorine (226.9 μg/flask and 491.4 μg/flask, 1.36 and 1.67-fold higher compared to the control, respectively) were achieved after elicitation with jasmonic acid, whereas the elicitation with methyl jasmonte resulted in maximal accumulation of phenolic acids. It was demonstrated that the boosting effect of jasmonic acid on Amaryllidacea alkaloid biosynthesis was due to induction of the activity of tyrosine decarboxylase, whereas methyl jasmonate stimulates the biosynthesis of phenolic acids by inducing mainly the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
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35
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Influence of auxins on somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation in Leucojum aestivum callus. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum are considered as an alternative for the production of galanthamine, which is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We studied the effects of auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM on the induction of embryogenic callus and its capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation. The embryogenic response of the explants was from 30% for 25 µM of dicamba to 100% for picloram (for both 25 and 50 µM). 2,4-D (50 µM) stimulated greater callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction as compared to the other auxins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated somatic embryo maturation. Callus grown on media containing 50 µM of auxins produced fewer phenolic compounds as compared with callus grown on media containing 25 µM of auxins. GC-MS analyses showed seven alkaloids in the in vivo bulbs and two to four in callus culture. Galanthamine was detected in callus cultivated with 2,4-D (25, 50 µM), picloram (25 µM), and dicamba (50 µM). Other alkaloids, trisphaeridine, tazettine, and 11-hydroxyvittatine were accumulated only in callus growing on medium with picloram (50 µM).
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36
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Towards a molecular understanding of the biosynthesis of amaryllidaceae alkaloids in support of their expanding medical use. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11713-41. [PMID: 23727937 PMCID: PMC3709753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkaloids characteristically produced by the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllidaceae, bulbous plant species that include well know genera such as Narcissus (daffodils) and Galanthus (snowdrops), are a source of new pharmaceutical compounds. Presently, only the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, is produced commercially as a drug from cultivated plants. However, several Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have shown great promise as anti-cancer drugs, but their further clinical development is restricted by their limited commercial availability. Amaryllidaceae species have a long history of cultivation and breeding as ornamental bulbs, and phytochemical research has focussed on the diversity in alkaloid content and composition. In contrast to the available pharmacological and phytochemical data, ecological, physiological and molecular aspects of the Amaryllidaceae and their alkaloids are much less explored and the identity of the alkaloid biosynthetic genes is presently unknown. An improved molecular understanding of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis would greatly benefit the rational design of breeding programs to produce cultivars optimised for the production of pharmaceutical compounds and enable biotechnology based approaches.
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37
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Lubbe A, Gude H, Verpoorte R, Choi YH. Seasonal accumulation of major alkaloids in organs of pharmaceutical crop Narcissus Carlton. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 88:43-53. [PMID: 23318143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Narcissus pseudonarcissus (L.) cv. Carlton is being cultivated as a main source of galanthamine from the bulbs. After galanthamine, haemanthamine and narciclasine are the next most abundant alkaloids in this cultivar. Both these compounds are promising chemical scaffolds for potential anticancer drugs. For further research and drug development, a reliable supply of these compounds will be needed. In this study a field experiment was conducted to investigate the levels of galanthamine, haemanthamine and narciclasine in plants of N. pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton. In a field experiment alkaloids in the bulbs, leaves and roots were analyzed by quantitative (1)H NMR to monitor the variations during the growing season. Major primary and secondary metabolites were identified in the various plant parts. Multivariate data analysis was performed on the (1)H NMR spectra to investigate how metabolites changed in the plant organs over time. The results show that the leaves have relatively high concentrations of the alkaloids before flowering. The bulbs had lower concentrations of the compounds of interest but would have a higher total yield of alkaloids due to bigger biomass. Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton represents a good source of galanthamine, and can potentially be a source of the other major alkaloids depending on choice of organ and harvest time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lubbe
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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38
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The geographic isolation of Leucojum aestivum populations leads to divergation of alkaloid biosynthesis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Schumann A, Torras-Claveria L, Berkov S, Claus D, Gerth A, Bastida J, Codina C. Elicitation of galanthamine production byleucojum aestivumshoots grown in temporary immersion system. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:311-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Torras-Claveria
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- AgroBioInstitute; 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Diana Claus
- Vita 34 AG; Deutscher Platz 5a 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - André Gerth
- Vita 34 AG; Deutscher Platz 5a 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Carles Codina
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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40
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Natural products as a rich source of tau-targeting drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2013; 4:1751-61. [PMID: 22924511 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 5.4 million people in the USA. Although the cause of AD is not well understood, the cholinergic, amyloid and tau hypotheses were proposed to explain its development. Drug discovery for AD based on the cholinergic and amyloid theories have not been effective. In this article we summarize tau-based natural products as AD therapeutics from a variety of biological sources, including the anti-amyloid agent curcumin, isolated from turmeric, the microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel, from the Pacific Yew Taxus brevifolia, and the Streptomyces-derived Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin. The overlooked approach of clearing tau aggregation will most likely be the next objective for AD drug discovery.
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41
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Ptak A, Simlat M, Kwiecień M, Laurain-Mattar D. Leucojum aestivumplants propagated in in vitro bioreactor culture and on solid media containing cytokinins. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ptak
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science; Agricultural University; Krakow; Poland
| | - Magdalena Simlat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science; Agricultural University; Krakow; Poland
| | - Michał Kwiecień
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science; Agricultural University; Krakow; Poland
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42
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Georgiev V, Ivanov I, Berkov S, Ilieva M, Georgiev M, Gocheva T, Pavlov A. Galanthamine production byLeucojum aestivumL. shoot culture in a modified bubble column bioreactor with internal sections. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Department of Photochemistry, AgroBioInstitute; Sofia; Bulgaria
| | - Mladenka Ilieva
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
| | - Milen Georgiev
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
| | - Tatiana Gocheva
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies; The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
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43
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Production of galanthamine by Leucojum aestivum shoots grown in different bioreactor systems. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1907-20. [PMID: 22639366 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The production of galanthamine by shoots of Leucojum aestivum grown in different bioreactor systems (shaking and nonshaking batch culture, temporary immersion system, bubble bioreactor, continuous and discontinuous gassing bioreactor) under different culture conditions was studied. The influence of the nutrient medium, weight of inoculum, and size of bioreactor on both growth and galanthamine production was studied. The maximal yield of galanthamine (19.416 mg) was achieved by cultivating the L. aestivum shoots (10 g of fresh inoculum) in a temporary immersion system in a 1-L bioreactor vessel which was used as an airlift culture vessel, gassing 12 times per day (5 min).
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44
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El Tahchy A, Ptak A, Boisbrun M, Barre E, Guillou C, Dupire F, Chrétien F, Henry M, Chapleur Y, Laurain-Mattar D. Kinetic study of the rearrangement of deuterium-labeled 4'-O-methylnorbelladine in Leucojum aestivum shoot cultures by mass spectrometry. Influence of precursor feeding on amaryllidaceae alkaloid accumulation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2356-2361. [PMID: 22014155 DOI: 10.1021/np200285j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids from plants of the family Amaryllidaceae have important pharmacological properties and can be regarded as derivatives of the common precursor 4'-O-methylnorbelladine (6) via intramolecular oxidative phenol coupling. Their biosynthetic pathway, particularly in Leucojum aestivum, has not yet been totally elucidated. Therefore, shoot cultures of this plant were subcultured in medium containing the labeled precursor 4'-O-methyl-d(3)-norbelladine (3) at various concentrations (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 g/L) and were incubated for various periods of time (15, 30, and 40 days). The aim of this work was to study the influence of this precursor on both labeled and native alkaloid accumulation. Biotransformation into galanthamine (1) and lycorine (2) in shoot cultures was demonstrated using HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. A maximal amount of 0.16% of 1 referred to the dry weight was obtained at day 15 in shoots fed with 0.10 g/L of precursor. In addition, a 20.5% dry weight of 2 was reached after 40 days of feeding with 0.20 g/L of precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna El Tahchy
- Groupe S.U.C.R.E.S., UMR 7565 CNRS-Nancy-Université , BP 70239, 54506 Nancy-Vandœuvre, France
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45
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Lubbe A, Choi YH, Vreeburg P, Verpoorte R. Effect of fertilizers on galanthamine and metabolite profiles in Narcissus bulbs by 1H NMR. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3155-3161. [PMID: 21375239 DOI: 10.1021/jf104422m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Narcissus bulbs contain the biologically active alkaloid galanthamine, and Narcissus is being developed as a natural source of the molecule for the pharmaceutical industry. The effect of fertilizer on galanthamine production was investigated in a field study using a (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolite profiling approach. Galanthamine was quantitated and major metabolites in the bulbs were identified. The application of standard fertilization levels of nitrogen and potassium caused a significant increase in galanthamine as compared to a control. Multivariate data analysis of the (1)H NMR data revealed that applying double the standard level of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in production of more amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates, but not more galanthamine. The results indicated that standard levels of fertilizer currently applied in The Netherlands are sufficient for optimal galanthamine accumulation in the bulbs. This study shows how (1)H NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide insight into the response of plant metabolism to agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lubbe
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Section Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Berkov S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Development and validation of a GC-MS method for rapid determination of galanthamine in Leucojum aestivum and Narcissus ssp.: a metabolomic approach. Talanta 2010; 83:1455-65. [PMID: 21238736 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor marketed as a hydrobromide salt for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, is obtained from some Amaryllidaceae plants. A new method was developed and validated for its quantification by GC-MS in different plant sources: bulbs and leaves from Narcissus confusus; bulbs from N. pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton; and leaves and in vitro cultures from L. aestivum. Samples (50 mg) were extracted with methanol (1 mL) for 2 h, then aliquots of the extracts were silylated and analyzed by GC-MS. The calibration line was linear over a range of 15-800 μg galanthamine/sample, ensuring an analysis of samples with a content of 0.03-1.54% analyte referred to dry weight. The recovery was generally more than 95%. Good inter- and intra assay precision was observed (RSD<3%). Principal component analysis of GC-MS chromatograms allowed discrimination of the plant raw material with respect to species, organs and geographical regions. The analytical method developed in this study proved to be simple, sensitive and far more informative than the routine analytical methods (GC, HPLC, CE and NMR), so it may be useful for quality control of plant raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strahil Berkov
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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47
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Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids Production by Leucojum aestivum L. Shoot Culture using a Temporary Immersion Technology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:268-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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