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Thangavel B, Venkatachalam G, Shin JH. Emerging Trends of Bilirubin Oxidases at the Bioelectrochemical Interface: Paving the Way for Self-Powered Electrochemical Devices and Biosensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1381-1399. [PMID: 38437181 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidases (BODs) [EC 1.3.3.5 - bilirubin: oxygen oxido-reductase] are enzymes that belong to the multicopper oxidase family and can oxidize bilirubin, diphenols, and aryl amines and reduce the oxygen by direct four-electron transfer from the electrode with almost no electrochemical overpotential. Therefore, BOD is a promising bioelectrocatalyst for (self-powered) biosensors and/or enzymatic fuel cells. The advantages of electrochemically active BOD enzymes include selective biosensing, biocatalysis for efficient energy conversion, and electrosynthesis. Owing to the rise in publications and patents, as well as the expanding interest in BODs for a range of physiological conditions, this Review analyzes scientific literature reports on BOD enzymes and current hypotheses on their bioelectrocatalysis. This Review evaluates the specific research outcomes of the BOD in enzyme (protein) engineering, immobilization strategies, and challenges along with their bioelectrochemical properties, limitations, and applications in the fields of (i) biosensors, (ii) self-powered biosensors, and (iii) biofuel cells for powering bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Thangavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Venkatachalam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Joong Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Gou Z, Hopla GA, Yao M, Cui B, Su Y, Rinklebe J, Sun C, Chen G, Ma NL, Sun Y. Removal of dye pollution by an oxidase derived from mutagenesis of the Deuteromycete Myrothecium with high potential in industrial applications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119726. [PMID: 35810983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that over 700,000 tons of synthetic dyes are produced annually, 15% of which are emitted as effluents. These highly stable dyes enter the world water ecosystems and stay in the environment, and eventually cause adverse impacts to the environment. Current wastewater treatment methods, such as filtration, coagulation, and chemical oxidation, have sideeffects, including toxic residue formation, membrane fouling, bioaccumulation, and secondary pollutant formation. Given the issues mentioned, it is necessary to study how to improve the degradation of synthetic dye with a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach. Natural oxidation provides a greener option. Recently, Deuteromycetes fungus Myrothecium verrucaria G-1 (M. verrucaria G-1) has shown great potential in producing high level of dye oxidase. This study aims to generate a dye oxidase hyperproducer, 3H6 from M. verrucaria G-1 by using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This method increases oxidase production by nearly 106.15%. After a simple precipitation and dialysis, this mutant oxidase increases by 1.97-fold in a specific activity with dye degradation rates at 70% for Mmethylene blue (MB) and 85% for Congo red (CR). It is found that the genetic stability of 3H6 remains active for ten generations. The size of oxidase is 65 kDa, and optimum temperature for reaction is 30 °C with 4.5 pH. This study presents that the first combined mutagenesis approach by ARPT-UV on fungus species generates an impressive increment of acid dye oxidases production. As such, this method presents a cost-effective alternative to mitigate hazardous dye pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China; Straw Biological Conversion and Agricultural Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China
| | - Gabriel Akwakwa Hopla
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Mingyue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Bintao Cui
- School of Science, RMIT University of Australia, Australia
| | - Yingjie Su
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China; Straw Biological Conversion and Agricultural Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China; Straw Biological Conversion and Agricultural Utilization Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China.
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