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Günak MM, Ebrahimi OV, Pietrzak RH, Fried EI. Using network models to explore the associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and subjective cognitive functioning. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 99:102768. [PMID: 37716026 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have identified relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cognitive functioning. Here, we aimed to elucidate the nature of this relationship by investigating cross-sectional associations between subjective cognitive functioning (SCF) and 1) the PTSD sum score, 2) symptom domains, and 3) individual symptoms. We also investigated temporal stability by testing whether results replicated over a 3-year period. We estimated partial correlation networks of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms (at baseline) and SCF (at baseline and follow-up, respectively), using data from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS; N = 1484; Mdn = 65 years). The PTSD sum score was negatively associated with SCF. SCF was consistently negatively associated with the PTSD symptom domains 'marked alterations in arousal and reactivity' and 'negative alterations in cognitions and mood', and showed robust relations with the specific symptoms 'having difficulty concentrating' and 'trouble experiencing positive feelings'. Results largely replicated at the 3-year follow-up, suggesting that some PTSD symptoms both temporally precede and are statistically associated with the development or maintenance of reduced SCF. We discuss the importance of examining links between specific PTSD domains and symptoms with SCF-relations obfuscated by focusing on PTSD diagnoses or sum scores-as well as investigating mechanisms underlying these relations. Registration Number: 37069 (https://aspredicted.org/n5sw7.pdf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Maria Günak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Building, Wassernaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Omid V Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roeterseiland Campus, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, P.O. Box 208034, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-0834, USA
| | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Building, Wassernaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Arble E, Manning D, Arnetz BB, Arnetz JE. Increased Substance Use among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2674. [PMID: 36768040 PMCID: PMC9915151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the nursing profession worldwide. Occupational strain has disrupted nurses' emotional wellbeing and may have led to negative coping behaviors, such as increased substance use, which could impair cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to examine whether increased substance use in a sample of U.S. nurses during the pandemic was related to greater workplace cognitive failure. An online questionnaire was administered in May 2020 to Michigan nurses statewide via three nursing organizations (n = 695 respondents). A path model was used to test the direct effects of reported increased substance use on workplace cognitive failure and via parallel psychological mediators. The model had excellent fit to the observed data, with statistically significant, unique mediating effects of greater symptoms of anxiety (b = 0.236, z = 2.22, p = 0.027), posttraumatic stress disorder (b = 0.507, z = 4.62, p < 0.001) and secondary trauma (b = 1.10, z = 2.82, p = 0.005). Importantly, the direct effect of increased substance use on workplace cognitive failure was not statistically significant independent of the mediators (b = 0.133, z = 0.56, p = 0.576; 95% confidence interval: -0.33, 0.60). These results point to the importance of further delineating the mechanistic pathways linking adverse stress to workplace cognitive failure. As we emerge from the pandemic, healthcare systems should focus resources on supporting cognitive health by addressing the psychological and emotional welfare of nurses, many of whom may be struggling with residual trauma and increased substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Arble
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Dana Manning
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Bengt B. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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3
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Kondracki AJ, Riedel MC, Crooks K, Perez PV, Flannery JS, Laird AR, Sutherland MT. The Link Between Neuroticism and Everyday Cognitive Failures is Mediated by Self-Reported Mindfulness Among College Students. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:265-287. [PMID: 34772304 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211048467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing everyday tasks and impacting health and quality of life. Cognitive failures associated with trait neuroticism can prompt some negative psychological outcomes and risky behaviors. Accumulating evidence shows that augmenting mindfulness can benefit cognitive health and general well-being. However, little is known regarding potential cognitive-behavioral pathways through which individual differences in trait neuroticism could influence the propensity to cognitive failures. Using a sample of 1003 undergraduate college students (females: n = 779) consisting of self-reported questionnaire data, we conducted correlational and mediational analyses to investigate the interrelationship between neuroticism, mindfulness, and cognitive failures. Higher neuroticism scores (females: r = -0.388, males: r = -0.390) and higher cognitive failures scores (females: r = -0.339, males: r = -0.407, p < .001) were significantly correlated with lower self-reported mindfulness scores. Mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive failures (β = 0.50, 95%, CI: 0.37, 0.65). These findings indicate that higher mindfulness may help ameliorate negative effects of neuroticism on everyday cognitive failures. Future research will determine how college students may benefit from positive impact of mindfulness to improve their psychological and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kondracki
- Center for Children and Families, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Katharine Crooks
- Department of Psychology, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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4
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Liu ZX, Whitehead B, Botoseneanu A. Association of Psychological distress and Physical Health with Subjective and Objective Memory in Older Adults. J Aging Health 2022:8982643221143828. [PMID: 36459693 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221143828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate how indicators of psychological stress and physical health differentially influence subjective and objective memory in older adults. Methods: 404 adults aged ≥55 without cognitive impairment participated in remote assessment of physical health (PHY; multimorbidity, body-mass-index), psychological distress (PDS; perceived stress, anxiety, depression), subjective memory complaints (SM), and task-based objective memory performance (OM). Results: Separately, both PHY and PDS significantly predicted SM (p < 0.01), but only PHY was associated with OM (p = 0.05). Combined models showed that PHY and PDS maintained significant association with SM (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.30), while only PHY was associated with OM (p = .07, R2 = 0.03; for associative OM, p = 0.04). Discussion: SM is associated with participants' psychological profile, highlighting the importance of addressing these factors when assessing SM. The results also reveal that remotely-administered OM tasks are more immune to participants' psychological profile, and support previously-established links between physical health and objective and subjective memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, 177870University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Brenda Whitehead
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, 177870University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA.,School of Behavioral Science, 492177Grace College, Winona Lake, IN, USA
| | - Anda Botoseneanu
- Department of Health and Human Services, 14711University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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The interplay between executive function deficits, psychopathological traits and dysfunctional gaming habits in the context of Game Transfer Phenomena. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Scoppetta O, Avendaño Prieto BL, Cassiani Miranda C. Individual factors associated with the consumption of illicit substances: a review of reviews. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:206-217. [PMID: 36085126 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to national studies, the use of illicit drugs is growing in Colombia. With this, the prevalence of substance use disorders and the set of health effects related to this practice also increases. Knowledge of the factors associated with the use of illicit drugs is necessary to guide the comprehensive care of the phenomenon. METHODS This is a systematic review of reviews on factors associated with the consumption of illicit drugs with seven databases and evaluation of the quality of the manuscripts according to AMSTAR. RESULTS Information was extracted from 38 reviews on individual factors associated with the use of illicit drugs. Demographic factors are associated with consumption through other factors. There is evidence of the association between mental and behavioural disorders and personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of consumption of illicit substances and disorders due to their use is affected by a set of personal factors including sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, sexual behaviour, legal drug use, age of onset and risk perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Scoppetta
- Psicólogo, Magister en Estudios de Población, Universidad Católica de Colombia, Avenida Caracas No. 46-22, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Scoppetta O, Avendaño BL, Cassiani C. Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Drugs: a Review of Reviews. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Allott K, Gao CX, Fisher C, Hetrick SE, Filia KM, Menssink JM, Herrman HE, Rickwood DJ, Parker AG, McGorry PD, Cotton SM. The Neuropsychological Symptoms Self-Report: psychometric properties in an adolescent and young adult mental health cohort. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:111-121. [PMID: 33913237 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive symptoms are common in young people receiving mental health treatment and are associated with poorer outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Neuropsychological Symptoms Self-Report (NSSR), an eight-item measure recently developed to provide a snapshot of young people's perceived change in cognitive functioning in relation to mental health treatment. METHOD The sample included 633 youth aged 12-25 years (Mage = 18.2, 66.5% female, 88.6% Australian-born) who had sought mental health treatment in primary headspace services. At three-month follow-up, participants completed the NSSR and self-report measures of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Excellent internal consistency was found: Cronbach's alpha = 0.93. The NSSR had negative correlations with self-reported anxiety (r = -.33, p < .001) and depression (r = -.48, p < .001) symptoms, suggesting a link with affective symptoms, but still independence of constructs. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single-factor model. Item response theory (IRT) analysis suggested good model fit (homogeneity, data integrity, scalability, local independence and monotonicity) for all items. There was some evidence of measurement noninvariance (for item thresholds) by sex and age, but not diagnosis. IRT models also supported briefer six- and three-item versions of the NSSR. CONCLUSION In busy clinical practice, clinicians need a rapid and reliable method for determining whether cognitive symptoms are of concern and in need of further assessment and treatment. Study findings support the NSSR as a brief, psychometrically sound measure for assessing subjective cognitive functioning in adolescents and young adults receiving mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,The Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate M Filia
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jana M Menssink
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Helen E Herrman
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Debra J Rickwood
- headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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9
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Yapici-Eser H, Yalcinay-Inan M, Kucuker MU, Kilciksiz CM, Yilmaz S, Dincer N, Kilic O, Ercan AC, Aydemir O. Subjective cognitive assessments and N-back are not correlated, and they are differentially affected by anxiety and depression. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34505812 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1969400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive function (CF) is a core feature related to all psychiatric disorders. However, self-report scales of CF (SRSC) may not always correlate with CF's objective measures and may have different mediators. Tools to select for evaluating CF in diverse psychiatric populations and their determinants need to be studied. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of SRSC (Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D), and World Health Organization's Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and its inattentiveness subscale) with Letter-N-back as an objective measure of CF, and to analyze their association with psychopathology. Two hundred nine (131 nonclinical, and 78 clinical with a psychiatric diagnosis of ICD10 F31-39 [mood disorders excluding Bipolar I] or F40-F49 [neurotic, stress-related or psychosomatic disorder] categories) participants were evaluated with PDQ-D, ASRS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and N-back. Both groups' data were included in the analysis. PDQ-D showed a small correlation with N-back scores, whereas ASRS showed no correlation. PDQ-D and ASRS showed a large correlation. Age and BAI scores significantly predicted both PDQ-D and ASRS, whereas the cognitive subscale of BDI predicted PDQ-D, but not ASRS. Only BAI scores predicted N-back results. The mediation model revealed that 2-back scores of N-back task directly affects PDQ-D scores, independent of BDI scores. However, the cognitive subscale of BDI moderated 2-back and PDQ-D association. On the contrary, BAI scores significantly mediated the association of 2-back scores with PDQ-D. The direct effect of 2-back scores in PDQ-D was insignificant in the mediation of BAI scores. Our study validates the discordance between SRSC and an objective measurement of CF. Anxiety may affect both self-report and objective measurement of CF, whereas depressive thought content may lead to higher cognitive dysfunction reports in nondemented participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Yapici-Eser
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Sezen Yilmaz
- School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neris Dincer
- School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Omer Aydemir
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Kalpidou M, Volungis AM, Bates C. Mediators between Adversity and Well-Being of College Students. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-021-09382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Randers L, Fagerlund B, Jepsen JRM, Nordholm D, Krakauer K, Hjorthøj C, Glenthøj B, Nordentoft M. Interview and questionnaire assessment of cognitive impairment in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with cognitive test performance, psychosocial functioning, and positive symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113498. [PMID: 33157481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Impaired cognitive test performance is well-documented in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. However, assessment of cognitive deficits as manifested in real life is a neglected area of UHR research that may add to the understanding of cognitive impairment and its relationship with psychosocial functioning and positive symptomatology. This study applied the interview-based Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the questionnaire-based Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) in a cross-sectional sample of 39 UHR subjects and 50 healthy controls. Cognitive test performance, psychosocial functioning, and positive symptoms were also assessed. The UHR subjects demonstrated significant cognitive impairment, with large effect sizes for the SCoRS and BRIEF-A composite outcome variables (rs = -0.67 to -0.80) and a neurocognitive composite score (d = -0.97). Within the UHR group, several significant associations between worse cognitive ratings and worse cognitive test performance (rs = -0.210 to -0.343), poorer psychosocial functioning (rs = -0.058 to -0.728), and worse positive symptoms (rs= 0.415 to 0.478) were found. Worse cognitive test performance showed significant associations with more pronounced positive symptoms (rs = -0.299 to -0.457). Interview and questionnaire assessment may hold promise for supplementing traditional performance-based cognitive assessment in identifying treatment targets in the UHR population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Randers
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt M Jepsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Dorte Nordholm
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristine Krakauer
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Self-reported cognition and marijuana use in older adults: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions-III. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106437. [PMID: 32330763 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana use among older adults is on an unprecedented rise, yet little is known about its effects on cognition in this population where, due to advanced age, risk for cognitive decline is high. Thus, we investigated whether marijuana use and use characteristics were associated with self-reported cognition among older adults ages ≥ 50 years using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Respondents either had never used marijuana ("never": n = 10,976), used but not in the past 12 months ("former": n = 2990), or used in the past 12 months ("current": n = 712). Self-reported cognition was measured using the Executive Function Index. Marijuana and substance use characteristics were obtained using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5. Covariates included demographics, mental health and disability, and comorbid mental and substance use disorder. Using general linear models of cross-sectional data, we found that current users, particularly those with cannabis use disorder, reported worse cognition than never or former users, but these effects were small in magnitude. Among both former and current users, greater duration of past use was associated with worse cognition. Frequent use within the past 12 months was associated with worse cognition among current users, but daily users reported better cognition compared to monthly or weekly users. Thus, marijuana use may impact self-reported cognition in older adulthood, although these effects may be subtle, specific to particular use characteristics, and possibly affected by self-awareness of deficits. Future work using objective measures such as neuropsychological testing or neuroimaging may better elucidate these effects.
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14
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Allott K, Gao C, Hetrick SE, Filia KM, Menssink JM, Fisher C, Hickie IB, Herrman HE, Rickwood DJ, Parker AG, Mcgorry PD, Cotton SM. Subjective cognitive functioning in relation to changes in levels of depression and anxiety in youth over 3 months of treatment. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e84. [PMID: 32753079 PMCID: PMC7453798 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive difficulties are common in mental illness and have a negative impact on role functioning. Little is understood about subjective cognition and the longitudinal relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms in young people. AIMS To examine the relationship between changes in levels of depression and anxiety and changes in subjective cognitive functioning over 3 months in help-seeking youth. METHOD This was a cohort study of 656 youth aged 12-25 years attending Australian headspace primary mental health services. Subjective changes in cognitive functioning (rated as better, same, worse) reported after 3 months of treatment was assessed using the Neuropsychological Symptom Self-Report. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of baseline levels of and changes in depression (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ9) and anxiety symptoms (seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale; GAD7) on changes in subjective cognitive function at follow-up while controlling for covariates. RESULTS With a one-point reduction in PHQ9 at follow-up, there was an estimated 11-18% increase in ratings of better subjective cognitive functioning at follow-up, relative to stable cognitive functioning. A one-point increase in PHQ9 from baseline to follow-up was associated with 7-14% increase in ratings of worse subjective cognitive functioning over 3 months, relative to stable cognitive functioning. A similar attenuated pattern of findings was observed for the GAD7. CONCLUSIONS A clear association exists between subjective cognitive functioning outcomes and changes in self-reported severity of affective symptoms in young people over the first 3 months of treatment. Understanding the timing and mechanisms of these associations is needed to tailor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Australia; and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline Gao
- Orygen; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne; and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate M Filia
- Orygen; and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jana M Menssink
- Orygen; and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health; and The Melbourne Clinic, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen E Herrman
- Orygen; and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Debra J Rickwood
- headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation; and Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Orygen; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne; and Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia
| | - Patrick D Mcgorry
- Orygen; and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen; and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Scoppetta O, Avendaño Prieto BL, Cassiani Miranda C. Individual Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Substances: a Review of Reviews. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2020; 51:S0034-7450(20)30030-5. [PMID: 33735052 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to national studies, the use of illicit drugs is growing in Colombia. With this, the prevalence of substance use disorders and the set of health effects related to this practice also increases. Knowledge of the factors associated with the use of illicit drugs is necessary to guide the comprehensive care of the phenomenon. METHODS This is a systematic review of reviews on factors associated with the consumption of illicit drugs with seven databases and evaluation of the quality of the manuscripts according to AMSTAR. RESULTS Information was extracted from 38 reviews on individual factors associated with the use of illicit drugs. Demographic factors are associated with consumption through other factors. There is evidence of the association between mental and behavioural disorders and personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of consumption of illicit substances and disorders due to their use is affected by a set of personal factors including sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, sexual behaviour, legal drug use, age of onset and risk perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Scoppetta
- Psicólogo. Magister en Estudios de Población. Universidad Católica de Colombia. Avenida Caracas No. 46-22, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Campeny E, López-Pelayo H, Nutt D, Blithikioti C, Oliveras C, Nuño L, Maldonado R, Florez G, Arias F, Fernández-Artamendi S, Villalbí JR, Sellarès J, Ballbè M, Rehm J, Balcells-Olivero MM, Gual A. The blind men and the elephant: Systematic review of systematic reviews of cannabis use related health harms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:1-35. [PMID: 32165103 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is the third most used psychoactive substance worldwide. The legal status of cannabis is changing in many Western countries, while we have very limited knowledge of the public health impact of cannabis-related harms. There is a need for a summary of the evidence of harms and risks attributed to cannabis use, in order to inform the definition of cannabis risky use. We have conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews, aiming to define cannabis-related harms. We included systematic reviews published until July 2018 from six different databases and following the PRISMA guidelines. To assess study quality we applied the AMSTAR 2 tool. A total of 44 systematic reviews, including 1,053 different studies, were eligible for inclusion. Harm was categorized in three dimensions: mental health, somatic harm and physical injury (including mortality). Evidence shows a clear association between cannabis use and psychosis, affective disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders, cognitive failures, respiratory adverse events, cancer, cardiovascular outcomes, and gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, cannabis use is a risk factor for motor vehicle collision, suicidal behavior and partner and child violence. Cannabis use is a risk factor for several medical conditions and negative social consequences. There is still little data on the dose-dependency of these effects; evidence that is essential in order to define, from a public health perspective, what can be considered risky use of cannabis. This definition should be based on quantitative and qualitative criteria that informs and permits the evaluation of current approaches to a regulated cannabis market.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campeny
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H López-Pelayo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - C Blithikioti
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Oliveras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Nuño
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Maldonado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Florez
- Hospital Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - F Arias
- Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J R Villalbí
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sellarès
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ballbè
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, (CAMH), Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Canada; Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto (UofT), Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UofT, Canada; Epidemiological Research Unit, Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M M Balcells-Olivero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gual
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Grup Recerca Addiccions Clinic (GRAC-GRE) Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Kyle SD, Hurry MED, Emsley R, Marsden A, Omlin X, Juss A, Spiegelhalder K, Bisdounis L, Luik AI, Espie CA, Sexton CE. The effects of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on cognitive function: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep 2020; 43:5777024. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStudy ObjectivesWe sought to examine the impact of digital cognitive behavioral therapy (dCBT) for insomnia on both self-reported cognitive impairment and objective cognitive performance.MethodsThe Defining the Impact of Sleep improvement on Cognitive Outcomes (DISCO) trial was an online, two-arm, single-blind, randomized clinical trial of dCBT versus wait-list control. Participants were aged 25 years and older, met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder, and reported difficulties with concentration or memory. Assessments were carried out online at baseline, and 10 and 24 weeks post-randomization. The primary outcome measure was self-reported cognitive impairment, assessed with the British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI). Secondary outcomes included tests of cognitive performance, insomnia symptoms, cognitive failures, fatigue, sleepiness, depression, and anxiety.ResultsFour hundred and ten participants with insomnia were recruited and assigned to dCBT (N = 205) or wait-list control (N = 205). At 10 weeks post-randomization the estimated adjusted mean difference for the BC-CCI was −3.03 (95% CI: −3.60, −2.47; p < 0.0001, d = −0.86), indicating that participants in the dCBT group reported less cognitive impairment than the control group. These effects were maintained at 24 weeks (d = −0.96) and were mediated, in part, via reductions in insomnia severity and increased sleep efficiency. Treatment effects in favor of dCBT, at both 10 and 24 weeks, were found for insomnia severity, sleep efficiency, cognitive failures, fatigue, sleepiness, depression, and anxiety. We found no between-group differences in objective tests of cognitive performance.ConclusionsOur study shows that dCBT robustly decreases self-reported cognitive impairment at post-treatment and these effects are maintained at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madeleine E D Hurry
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Antonia Marsden
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ximena Omlin
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amender Juss
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lampros Bisdounis
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Health Ltd, London, UK
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Toledo-Fernández A, Marín-Navarrete R, Villalobos-Gallegos L, Salvador-Cruz J, Benjet C, Roncero C. Testing whether cognitive reserve as measured by self-rating of stimulating activities moderates the association of polysubstance use and neurocognitive disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:421-433. [PMID: 31554497 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1670631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The objectives were to identify a latent factor of cognitive reserve (CR) assessed by self-rating of cognitively stimulating activities, to analyze the association between this factor and educational attainment, and to test whether CR moderates the association between polysubstance use and neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Methods: Cross-sectional data of 753 participants was collected in Mexico City. A questionnaire for self-rating of stimulating activities (work/education, leisure, physical, social, usual- and current environments) was designed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test unifactoriality. This CR factor was then used within a structural equation model of moderation between recent- and years of substance use and indicators of NCD (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and an interview for subjective cognitive deficits). Results: We found acceptable goodness-of-fit values for the unifactorial model, but no association of this factor with educational attainment, nor with recent- and years of substance use (suggesting independence of CR and severity of neuropathology). We did not find a moderation effect of CR between substance use and indicators of NCD; CR was negatively associated with subjective cognitive deficits only. Conclusions: Moderation effect of self-rated CR should be further tested using direct measures of substance-induced neuropathology. Measurement of self-rated CR may complement self-reported cognitive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Villalobos-Gallegos
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California-Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Judith Salvador-Cruz
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Corina Benjet
- Division of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Treichler EBH, Thomas ML, Bismark AW, Hochberger WC, Tarasenko M, Nungaray J, Cardoso L, Joshi YB, Zhang W, Sprock J, Swerdlow N, Cohen AN, Light GA. Divergence of subjective and performance-based cognitive gains following cognitive training in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:215-220. [PMID: 30660574 PMCID: PMC7032664 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive training is effective for improving cognitive performance among people with schizophrenia. An individual's perception of their own cognition is dissociable from performance on objective cognitive tests. Since subjective cognitive benefit may impact engagement, motivation, and satisfaction with time-intensive cognitive interventions, this study aimed to determine whether subjective cognitive difficulties improve in conjunction with cognitive gains following 30 h of cognitive training. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 46) were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU augmented with auditory-targeted cognitive training (TCT). All participants completed assessment batteries at baseline and follow-up. As previously reported, the TCT group showed significant improvements in verbal learning and memory and reductions in auditory hallucinations relative to the TAU group. RESULTS Subjective cognitive difficulties did not significantly improve following TCT, even among TCT participants who showed improvements in cognitive performance (all ps > 0.05). Subjective cognitive difficulties were significantly associated with severity of depressive symptoms and hallucinations (r = 0.48 and r = 0.28, p < 0.001), but not global or specific domains of cognition (all rs < 0.1) at baseline. There were no significant relationships between change in subjective cognitive difficulties and change in cognitive or clinical variables (all ps > 0.05). DISCUSSION Patients with schizophrenia do not detect change in their cognition following cognitive training, even among those who showed robust gains in cognitive performance. Failure to detect improvement may undermine treatment engagement, motivation, and satisfaction. Translating score improvements on the cognitive exercises into tangible metrics, and providing ongoing, clinician-delivered feedback on performance may facilitate patient ability to detect improvements and improve motivation to engage with cognitive training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. H. Treichler
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael L. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Andrew W. Bismark
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William C. Hochberger
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Tarasenko
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Nungaray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Cardoso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yash B. Joshi
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joyce Sprock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Neal Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy N. Cohen
- VA Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gregory A. Light
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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20
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Piumatti G, Moore SC, Berridge DM, Sarkar C, Gallacher J. The relationship between alcohol use and long-term cognitive decline in middle and late life: a longitudinal analysis using UK Biobank. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:304-311. [PMID: 29325150 PMCID: PMC6051452 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using UK Biobank data, this study sought to explain the causal relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive decline in middle and older aged populations. Methods Data from 13 342 men and women, aged between 40 and 73 years were used in regression analysis that tested the functional relationship and impact of alcohol on cognitive performance. Performance was measured using mean reaction time (RT) and intra-individual variation (IIV) in RT, collected in response to a perceptual matching task. Covariates included body mass index, physical activity, tobacco use, socioeconomic status, education and baseline cognitive function. Results A restricted cubic spline regression with three knots showed how the linear (β1 = -0.048, 95% CI: -0.105 to -0.030) and non-linear effects (β2 = 0.035, 95% CI: 0.007-0.059) of alcohol use on mean RT and IIV in RT (β1 = -0.055, 95% CI: -0.125 to -0.034; β2 = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.002-0.064) were significant adjusting for covariates. Cognitive function declined as alcohol use increased beyond 10 g/day. Decline was more apparent as age increased. Conclusions The relationship between alcohol use and cognitive function is non-linear. Consuming more than one UK standard unit of alcohol per day is detrimental to cognitive performance and is more pronounced in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piumatti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Moore
- Violence & Society Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Damon M Berridge
- Farr Institute—CIPHER, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea UK
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Carrigan N, Barkus E, Ong A, Wei M. Do complaints of everyday cognitive failures in high schizotypy relate to emotional working memory deficits in the lab? Compr Psychiatry 2017; 78:115-129. [PMID: 28843155 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals high on schizotypy complain of increased cognitive failures in everyday life. However, the neuropsychological performance of this group does not consistently indicate underlying ability deficits. It is possible that current neuropsychological tests lack ecological validity. Given the increased affective reactivity of high schizotypes, they may be more sensitive to emotional content interfering with cognitive ability. This study sought to explore whether an affective n-back working memory task would elicit impaired performance in schizotypy, echoing complaints concerning real world cognition. METHODS 127 healthy participants completed self-report measures of schizotypy and cognitive failures and an affective n-back working memory task. This task was varied across three levels of load (1- to 3-back) and four types of stimulus emotion (neutral, fearful, happy, sad). Differences between high (n=39) and low (n=48) schizotypy groups on performance outcomes of hits and false alarms were examined, with emotion and load as within-groups variables. RESULTS As expected, high schizotypes reported heightened vulnerability to cognitive failures. They also demonstrated a relative working memory impairment for emotional versus neutral stimuli, whereas low schizotypes did not. High schizotypes performed most poorly in response to fearful stimuli. For false alarms, there was an interaction between schizotypy, load, and emotion, such that high schizotypy was associated with deficits in response to fearful stimuli only at higher levels of task difficulty. Inclusion of self-reported cognitive failures did not account for this. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the "gap" between subjective and objective cognition in schizotypy may reflect the heightened emotional demands associated with cognitive functioning in the real world, although other factors also seem to play a role. There is a need to improve the ecological validity of objective assessments, whilst also recognizing that self-reported cognitive failures tap into a range of factors difficult to assess in the lab, including emotion. Cognitive interventions for at-risk individuals will likely be more beneficial if they address emotional processing alongside other aspects of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Adriel Ong
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Maryann Wei
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
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