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Cheng P, Liu Z, Sun M, Zhang W, Guo R, Hu A, Long Y. The relations of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and depressive symptoms and the bias of depressive symptoms during the clustering among Chinese adolescents: Findings from the network perspective. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:867-876. [PMID: 38272370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are rare studies about the network structure of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Studies have widely acknowledged that PLEs in adolescents confer a higher risk of depressive symptoms, but the complex interactions remain inadequately understood. Our study aimed to examine the hierarchy and inter-associations of PLEs and depressive symptoms in a large adolescent sample from the network analysis perspective. METHODS A total of 5008 Chinese adolescents were enrolled in our sample. Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-42 (CAPE-42) was applied to build the network. Centrality indexes were calculated to represent the significance of nodes in the network. Community detection was conducted to figure out the specific clustering of nodes. Demographic information was collected for the sub-network comparisons. Accuracy and stability of the network were also tested. RESULTS "Failure", "External control", and "Lack of activity" were the most central nodes. The main bridge nodes linking PLEs and depressive symptoms were "Failure", "Guilty", and "No future". Positive PLE "Odd looks" and negative PLE "Unable to terminate" are the two PLEs that were most relevant to depressive nodes. Community detection further demonstrated the bias of depressive nodes in the data-driven clustering. Comparative sub-network analysis suggested that age was the only demographic factor related to the current network. CONCLUSION In this study of a large adolescent sample, we first demonstrated the network structure and specific clustering preference of PLEs and depressive symptoms. Our findings may enhance the understanding of the relationship between PLE and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Hunan Xinyang Culture Communication Co., LTD, China
| | - Aimin Hu
- College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Kirkbride JB, Anglin DM, Colman I, Dykxhoorn J, Jones PB, Patalay P, Pitman A, Soneson E, Steare T, Wright T, Griffiths SL. The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:58-90. [PMID: 38214615 PMCID: PMC10786006 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are more vulnerable to poor mental health over their life course, in ways that are often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage and poor health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter of social justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap to address the social determinants that cause mental ill health. Relying as far as possible on high-quality evidence, we first map out the literature that supports a causal link between social determinants and later mental health outcomes. Given the breadth of this topic, we focus on the most pervasive social determinants across the life course, and those that are common across major mental disorders. We draw primarily on the available evidence from the Global North, acknowledging that other global contexts will face both similar and unique sets of social determinants that will require equitable attention. Much of our evidence focuses on mental health in groups who are marginalized, and thus often exposed to a multitude of intersecting social risk factors. These groups include refugees, asylum seekers and displaced persons, as well as ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) groups; and those living in poverty. We then introduce a preventive framework for conceptualizing the link between social determinants and mental health and disorder, which can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable of reducing inequalities and improving population mental health. Following this, we provide a review of the evidence concerning candidate preventive strategies to intervene on social determinants of mental health. These interventions fall broadly within the scope of universal, selected and indicated primary prevention strategies, but we also briefly review important secondary and tertiary strategies to promote recovery in those with existing mental disorders. Finally, we provide seven key recommendations, framed around social justice, which constitute a roadmap for action in research, policy and public health. Adoption of these recommendations would provide an opportunity to advance efforts to intervene on modifiable social determinants that affect population mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deidre M Anglin
- City College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Steare
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Talen Wright
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Kang M, Xu B, Chen C, Wang D. Internet addiction and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students: the mediating role of psychotic-like experiences. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1276496. [PMID: 37841710 PMCID: PMC10568022 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1276496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with Internet addiction (IA) are at significant risk of suicide-related behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among IA, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and suicidal ideation (SI) among college students. Methods A total of 5,366 college students (34.4% male, mean age 20.02 years) were assessed using the self-compiled sociodemographic questionnaires, Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), 15-item Positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15), Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS), and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Results The prevalence of IA and SI were 9.3 and 12.1% among Chinese college students, respectively. There were direct effects of IA and PLEs on SI. The total effect of IA on SI was 0.18 (p < 0.001). PLEs mediated the relationship between IA and SI (Indirect effect = 0.07). Conclusion IA had both direct and indirect effects on SI. These findings enable us to elucidate the mechanism of how IA influences individual SI, which can provide vital information for developing and implementing targeted interventions and strategies to alleviate SI among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kang
- Graduate Institute for Taiwan Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingna Xu
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunping Chen
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Hosseini SR, Nooripour R, Ghanbari N, Firoozabadi A, Peters E. Evaluation of reliability and validity of the Persian version of Peters et al. delusions inventory (PDI-40) in iranian non-clinical and clinical samples. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:294. [PMID: 37759258 PMCID: PMC10537839 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some individuals may manifest psychotic symptoms that do not fulfill the requisite clinical criteria for a formal diagnosis of psychosis. The assessment of susceptibility to delusions, encompassing both clinical and non-clinical cohorts, frequently makes use of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-40). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-40) in Iranian non-clinical and clinical samples. METHODS The present study employed a cross-sectional, correlational design in 2020. A total of 1402 Iranian participants were recruited for the study, which consisted of three distinct stages. The first stage involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) conducted on a non-clinical sample of 512 participants. The second stage comprising different non-clinical sample 764 participants to perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In the third stage, a clinical sample of 126 psychotic patients was compared to a non-clinical sample. All participants completed the PDI-40, the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (CAPE-42), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The internal structure of PDI-40 was examined through the analysis of its factor structure using LISREL 8.8. RESULTS The EFA analysis unveiled nine components within Persian version of PDI-40. The CFA analysis demonstrated an excellent fit of the nine-factor structure of Persian PDI-40 to the data. The total score exhibited high internal reliability, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.92. Moreover, Persian PDI-40 exhibited satisfactory evidence of convergent validity, as significant correlations were observed between dimensions of PDI-40 and subscales of CAPE-42 and DASS-21. Lastly, findings indicated that psychotic participants scored higher than non-clinical participants in all components of the PDI-40(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Persian version of the PDI-40 demonstrates strong reliability and validity for assessing delusion proneness in both non-clinical and clinical samples in Iran. The observed distinctions between psychotic and non-clinical participants underscore its potential as a valuable tool for discerning delusion proneness in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikzad Ghanbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Ballesio A, Zagaria A, Lombardo C. Perseverative Cognition and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Young Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model. Psychopathology 2023; 56:397-402. [PMID: 36731449 DOI: 10.1159/000528859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), including persecutory ideation, bizarre experiences, and perceptual abnormalities, are considered risk factors for psychotic disorders and mental distress in the general population. The cognitive-affective mechanisms associated with PLEs remain under-investigated. We aimed to longitudinally assess the reciprocal associations between perseverative cognition (PC), an emerging transdiagnostic factor of psychopathology, and PLEs facets in young adults. Participants (n = 160) from the general population completed measures of PC and PLEs at baseline and at 2-month follow-up. A two-wave, three-variable, cross-lagged panel model was implemented controlling for well-established correlates of PC and PLEs such as depression, anxiety, and symptoms of sleep disturbance. Both PLEs and PC exhibited substantive rank-order stability (β ranged from 0.359 to 0.657, ps < 0.001). Cross-lagged effects revealed that baseline PC was associated with bizarre experiences at 2-month follow-up (β = 0.317; p < 0.01). This effect overcame the well-established cut-off for practical significance. In contrast, no baseline PLEs were associated with PC at follow-up. Findings suggest the presence of a monodirectional, rather than bidirectional, association between PC and bizarre experiences in young adulthood. Results should be interpreted in light of the relatively small, non-clinical, and convenient sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Liu S, Hu Y. The relationship between family functioning and psychotic-like experiences of college students: Chain multiple mediating effects. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022. [PMID: 36253883 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism of the relationship between college students' family functioning and psychotic-like experiences, a chain multi-intermediary model is constructed to investigate the multiple mediating effects of interpersonal adaptation, sleep quality and loneliness on college students' family functioning and psychotic-like experiences. METHODS Seven hundred seven college students in China were surveyed by using the Family Care Index Questionnaire, Loneliness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire, College Students' Interpersonal Adaptability Subscale and Community Assessment of Psychiatric Experiences. RESULTS (a) The detection rate of psychotic-like experiences among college students is 72.14%, of which 6.93% reported frequent psychotic-like experiences; (b) There is a significant correlation between family functioning, sleep quality, loneliness, interpersonal adaptation and psychotic-like experiences of college students; (c) Interpersonal adaptation, loneliness and sleep quality of college students have chain multiple mediating effect in the relationship between family functioning and psychotic-like experiences. CONCLUSION The results reveal the mechanism of the relationship between family functioning and psychotic-like experiences, which helps us to better understand how family functioning affects the occurrence and development of college students' psychotic-like experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjin Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqiu Hu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Chau AKC, So SHW, Sun X, Zhu C, Chiu CD, Chan RCK, Leung PWL. The co-occurrence of multidimensional loneliness with depression, social anxiety and paranoia in non-clinical young adults: A latent profile analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:931558. [PMID: 36186883 PMCID: PMC9517946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loneliness is a negative experience arising from a mismatch between perceived and actual social relationships. Several dimensions of loneliness have been suggested, namely intimate, relational and collective loneliness. Loneliness has been linked to poorer mental health, with its co-occurrence with depression, social anxiety, and paranoia most widely reported. While expressions of these symptoms are heterogeneous across individuals in the non-clinical population, it remains unclear how these symptoms co-occur with one another and with various dimensions of loneliness. It is also of interest how trait factors such as core schemas about self/others may moderate these relationships between loneliness and co-occurring symptoms. METHODS A demographically diverse sample of young adults was recruited from multiple sources. The validated sample consisted of 2,089 participants (68.4% female), who completed an online survey consisting of questionnaires assessing levels of multidimensional loneliness, depression, social anxiety, paranoia, core schemas, and demographic characteristics. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct profiles of loneliness and the three symptoms. Positive and negative core schemas about self and others were modeled as predictors of these profiles. RESULTS Five distinct profiles were identified. Profile 1 had low levels across all symptoms and dimensions of loneliness (n = 1,273, 60.9%). Profiles 2-5 were elevated on dimensions of loneliness, and were heightened in depression (n = 189, 9.0%), social anxiety (n = 206, 9.9%), paranoia (n = 198, 9.5%), and all symptoms (n = 223, 10.7%), respectively. Relative to Profile 1, the other four profiles scored higher on negative-self (adjusted ORs = 1.36-1.49, ps < 0.001) and negative-other schemas (adjusted ORs = 1.24-1.44, ps < 0.001), and lower on positive-self (adjusted ORs = 0.82-0.85, ps < 0.001) and positive-other schemas (adjusted ORs = 0.81-0.90, ps < 0.001). CONCLUSION More marked intimate, relational and collective loneliness were evident across profiles that had heightened depression, social anxiety and/or paranoia, suggesting that loneliness may serve as a general risk factor for these psychopathologies. Our findings shed light on the heterogeneity of the co-occurrence of loneliness and various mental health difficulties in non-clinical young adults. Core schemas are suggested to be putative psychological mechanisms underlying their co-occurrence and even development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suzanne Ho-Wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chui-De Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W L Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Vitriyanti, Rozi NA, Turnip SS. Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences and its predictors among early adolescents from rural areas in Indonesia. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 34:126-139. [PMID: 38638054 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2289605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Psychotic symptoms are present in a wide range of both clinical and non-clinical populations. Psychotic symptoms in adolescents often take the form of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which are considered a risk factor for numerous serious mental illnesses. Socioeconomic disadvantages are across rural areas, and poverty is known as the third most important risk factor of PLEs. However, there have been limited studies on PLEs which focus on populations in rural areas.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PLEs and investigate their predictors among early adolescents living in rural areas.Method: Data from 629 early adolescents from two rural areas in Indonesia were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of PLEs. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of PLEs. This was a school-based cross-sectional study, and data were collected using a paper questionnaire.Results: The results showed that the prevalence of PLEs among early adolescents in rural areas is 24.5%. Four significant predictors of PLEs were identified after controlling for sex: emotional problems, age, the number of caregivers in daily life, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitriyanti
- Research of Community Mental Health Initiative, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Nabilah Amalina Rozi
- Research of Community Mental Health Initiative, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sherly Saragih Turnip
- Research of Community Mental Health Initiative, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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