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Symvoulakis EK, Stachteas P, Smyrnakis E, Volkos P, Mantadaki AE, Karelis A, Petraki C, Nioti K, Mastronikolis S, Antoniou AM, Linardakis M. Multiple Behavioral Risk Factors As Assets for Chronic Disease Prevention: Observations From Urban Primary Care Settings in Crete, Greece. Cureus 2024; 16:e56711. [PMID: 38646332 PMCID: PMC11032647 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the health profile of patient-attendees visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the relationships between multiple behavioral risk factors (MBRFs) and consultation-driven health information. Multiple behavioral risk factors involve a variety of unhealthy behaviors that are associated with an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study design was based on a dataset analysis, afterward exploring the feasibility and diagnostic capacity of respiratory morbidity aspects from a study previously conducted. The study dataset contained information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, health habits, clinical information, and reported comorbidities from 183 primary care patient-attendees. A categorical regression analysis was performed, using as a numeric variable the multiple MBRFs (clustering of 0 to four factors) in order to examine relationships with the basic and clinical characteristics of the patient-attendees. RESULTS Based on this secondary analysis, it was found that the prevalence of MBRFs is quite common among patient-attendees visiting urban PHC facilities. The prevalence of current smoking, sleep deprivation, increased body weight, and medium/high perceived stress levels were 33.9%, 52.5%, 83.1%, and 35.0%, respectively. An increased occurrence of MBRFs might be significantly predicted by the lower age of patient-attendees (b = -0.221, p = 0.05), by the absence of gray hair at an early age (b = -0.144, p = 0.042), by the physical discomfort during activities (b = 0.191, p = 0.017), or by the lower oxygen saturation (b = -0.184, p = 0.004). Diabetes mellitus (25.1%) was the most prevalent condition, followed by bronchial asthma (18.6%) and depression (15.8%). CONCLUSIONS Lower age, absence of premature hair whitening, physical discomfort during activities, and lower oxygen saturation are linked with an increased occurrence of MBRFs, leading to a neglected way of living. Those factors could be used to alert researchers, policymakers, and PHC professionals to act accordingly in order to prevent or early diagnose NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil K Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Stachteas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Emmanouil Smyrnakis
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Volkos
- Fourth Local Health Team, Academic Unit of Heraklion, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Aikaterini E Mantadaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Andreas Karelis
- Department of Family Medicine, Private Primary Care Facilities, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Chrysi Petraki
- Department of Family Medicine, Private Primary Care Facilities, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Kadiani Nioti
- Department of Family Medicine, Private Primary Care Facilities, Heraklion, GRC
| | | | - Aikaterini M Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Manolis Linardakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
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Lopes Cortes M, Andrade Louzado J, Galvão Oliveira M, Moraes Bezerra V, Mistro S, Souto Medeiros D, Arruda Soares D, Oliveira Silva K, Nicolaevna Kochergin C, Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho VC, Wildes Amorim W, Serrate Mengue S. Unhealthy Food and Psychological Stress: The Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Perceived Stress in Working-Class Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3863. [PMID: 33917015 PMCID: PMC8103503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made from food extracts or constituents with little or no intact food and often containing additives that confer hyper-palatability. The consumption of these products increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Stressed people may engage in unhealthy eating as a way to cope. This study aimed to verify whether ultra-processed food consumption was associated with perceived stress levels in industrial and retail workers from Vitoria da Conquista, Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. During the study period, 1270 participants completed a survey administered by an interviewer. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Information regarding weekly ultra-processed food consumption was collected. Ultra-processed foods were classified into four groups: sugary drinks; sugary foods; fast foods; and canned foods, frozen foods, or processed meat. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in stress levels and ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and ultra-processed food consumption levels. RESULTS Factors such as a young age, being unmarried, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, negative health perception, and high perceived stress level indicated higher rates of ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression analysis showed that high stress levels were associated with increased odds of higher ultra-processed food consumption (odds ratio: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54-2.45). CONCLUSIONS These findings could help identify appropriate target areas for interventions aimed at mental health promotion and healthier food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Cortes
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - José Andrade Louzado
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Marcio Galvão Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Vanessa Moraes Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Sóstenes Mistro
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Danielle Souto Medeiros
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Daniela Arruda Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Kelle Oliveira Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Clávdia Nicolaevna Kochergin
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Vivian Carla Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Welma Wildes Amorim
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Estrada Bem Querer, Km-04, 3293, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45083-900 Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Sotero Serrate Mengue
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Bairro Santa Cecilia, 90035-002 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
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