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Tunheim EG, Skallevold HE, Rokaya D. Role of hormones in bone remodeling in the craniofacial complex: A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:210-217. [PMID: 36718389 PMCID: PMC9883279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diseases such as periodontitis and osteoporosis are expected to rise tremendously by 2050. Bone formation and remodeling are complex processes that are disturbed in a variety of diseases influenced by various hormones. Objective This study aimed to review and present the roles of various hormones that regulate bone remodeling of the craniofacial complex. Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar for studies related to hormones and jawbone. Search strategies included the combinations ("name of hormone" + "dental term") of the following terms: "hormones", "oxytocin", "estrogen", "adiponectin", "parathyroid hormone", "testosterone", "insulin", "angiotensin", "cortisol", and "erythropoietin", combined with a dental term "jaw bone", "alveolar bone", "dental implant", "jaw + bone regeneration, healing or repair", "dentistry", "periodontitis", "dry socket", "osteoporosis" or "alveolitis". The papers were screened according to the inclusion criteria from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2021 in English. Publications included reviews, book chapters, and original research papers; in vitro studies, in vivo animal, or human studies, including clinical studies, and meta-analyses. Results Bone formation and remodeling is a complex continuous process involving many hormones. Bone volume reduction following tooth extractions and bone diseases, such as periodontitis and osteoporosis, cause serious problems and require a great understanding of the process. Conclusion Hormones are with us all the time, shape our development and regulate homeostasis. Newly discovered effects of hormones influencing bone healing open the possibilities of using hormones as therapeutics to combat bone-related diseases.
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Key Words
- ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
- ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR, ACE 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mas receptor
- AD, Androgens
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end-products
- AN, Adiponectin
- Bone formation
- Bone homeostasis
- Bone regeneration
- Bone resportion
- DHT, Dihydrotestosterone
- DIZE, Diminazene aceturate
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- EPO, Erythropoietin
- ER, Estrogen receptors
- ERα, ER alpha
- ERβ, ER beta
- ES, Estrogen
- GPER1, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1
- HIF-PHIs, Hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors
- Hormones
- IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor-1
- Jawbone
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OT, Oxytocin
- PTH, Parathyroid hormone
- RAGEs, Receptor advanced glycation end-products
- RANKL, Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- RAS, Renin-angiotensin system
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Grinde Tunheim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Hans Erling Skallevold
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Sriprasert I, Hodis HN, Bernick B, Mirkin S, Mack WJ. Association of oral estradiol dose/levels with coagulation measures in early/late postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2020; 23:273-278. [PMID: 31939316 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1703939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated associations of estradiol (E2) dose and serum E2 levels with coagulation/anti-coagulation measures in early (<6 years) compared with late (≥10 years) postmenopausal women.Methods: Postmenopausal women from the REPLENISH trial tested four formulations of oral combined E2 and progesterone compared with placebo. Mixed-effects linear models tested the association of E2 dose and serum E2 levels with the prothrombin time (PT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), antithrombin (ATHRM), fibrinogen (FIBRINO), protein C (PROTC), and protein S (PROTS), assessed five times over 12 months.Results: Among 1215 early and 297 late postmenopausal women, the E2 dose was statistically significantly inversely associated with the APTT in early postmenopause, PROTC in late postmenopause, and with the PT, ATHRM, and PROTS in both groups. Serum E2 levels were statistically significantly inversely associated with the APTT, PROTS, and FIBRINO in early postmenopause, the PT in late postmenopause, and ATHRM and PROTC in both groups. With longer time since menopause, the inverse E2 dose effect and serum E2 effects became stronger.Conclusion: Increasing E2 dose and serum E2 levels were associated with changes in coagulation/anti-coagulation measures. The associations were stronger among women ≥10 years since menopause when initiating E2. The timing of E2 therapy, E2 dose, and serum E2 levels relative to time since menopause may modify the venous thromboembolism risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sriprasert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - H N Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mirkin
- TherapeuticsMD, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - W J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The effect of formononetin on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and its mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:86-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Skouby SO, Sidelmann JJ. Impact of progestogens on hemostasis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 37:hmbci-2018-0041. [PMID: 30447140 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combined hormonal contraception containing estrogen and progestogen and postmenopausal hormone therapy with estrogen ± progestogen are reported risk factors for venous thrombosis. The thrombotic risk varies by estrogen dose and type of progestogen. Estrogen combined with "newer generation" progestogens in combined oral contraceptives may have higher thrombotic risk than estrogen combined with older generation progestogens. Among postmenopausal women thrombotic risk also varies by type of hormone and mode of delivery. Although the risk of thrombosis with the different hormonal compounds is uncertain, it has definitely been attributed to the pharmacological effect of the hormones on hemostasis. Animal and cell culture studies have demonstrated the pharmacodynamics of progestogens with respect to hemostasis. Extrapolation from these studies to clinical conditions and further to clinical end points such as cardiovascular disease is, however, controversial. Few clinical studies have focused on the effect of progestogen only therapy on the hemostatic system in vivo. Most of the current knowledge regarding the in vivo effect of progestogens on hemostasis is obtained from studies with combined contraceptives. These results obviously reflect the combined influence of both estrogen and progestogen on hemostasis, and extrapolation to progestogen-only conditions is challenging. This paper discusses the pharmacodynamics of progestogens in relation to the hemostatic system, addressing results obtained in animal and cell culture studies and in clinical studies employing progestogen-only and combined oral contraceptives. The compiled results suggest that the major effect of progestogens on hemostasis is related to alterations in platelet function and the tissue factor pathway of coagulation. More studies focusing on these topics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven O Skouby
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev/Gentofte Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Phone: +45 38683796, Secretary: +45 38688272
| | - Johannes J Sidelmann
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of Southwest Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Chou AY, Saw J. Basis for Sex-Specific Expression of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Cardiac Syndrome X, and Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:738-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Xu J, Li Z, Luo J, Yang F, Liu T, Liu M, Qiu WW, Tang J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Ring-Fused Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3122-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Interaction between oral estrogen plus progestogen therapy and ABO blood groups on coagulation activation in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2012; 19:339-45. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31822b721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodríguez-Landa JF, Hernández-López F, Saavedra M. Involvement of Estrogen Receptors in the Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Phytoestrogen Genistein in Rats with 12-Weeks Postovariectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2012.34059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Panay N, Fenton A. Alternative regimens for endometrial protection – where are we now? Climacteric 2011; 14:607-8. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2011.635434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sheikh SA, Roshan TM, Khattak MN, Baig AA, Noor SJ, Hassan R, Zaki NM. Short-term estrogen replacement therapy reduces platelet marker levels in Malaysian postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:6-10. [PMID: 21427417 DOI: 10.1258/mi.2011.011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In healthy postmenopausal women (PMW) increased platelet activation has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. There is much debate about the relationship between platelet function and serum estradiol level in PMW. This study assessed the effect of short-term oral estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on platelet activation markers (CD62P and PAC-1) and its correlation with age and body mass index (BMI) among healthy PMW. METHODS A prospective intervention study was conducted at Hospital University Sains Malaysia, involving 48 healthy PMW who were evaluated for platelet activation marker levels as determined by flow cytometry, before and after two weeks of oral ERT with 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen once daily. The pre- and post-ERT platelets activation markers difference was analysed by paired t-test. RESULTS The pre-ERT, mean ± SD percentage levels of CD62P and PAC-1 were significantly reduced from 7.00 ± 5.91 and 41.75 ± 26.85 to 3.05 ± 2.47 and 20.86 ± 19.02, respectively, after two weeks of ERT (P value < 0.001). The correlation of platelet activation markers was significant with estradiol but not with age and BMI. CONCLUSION Short-term ERT leads to reduction in platelet activity, which might contribute to protection against cardiovascular diseases in healthy PMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kotabharu, Malaysia
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EMAS position statement: Managing the menopause in the context of coronary heart disease. Maturitas 2010; 68:94-7. [PMID: 21156341 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke is the most common cause of female death. Premenopausal CHD is very rare but when women enter the menopause the incidence of CHD increases markedly. CHD presents 10 years later in women than in men. The reason is still unclear but the protective effects of estrogens have been suggested. AIMS To formulate a position statement on the management of menopause women in the context of coronary heart disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Based on long term randomized placebo-controlled studies hormone therapy (HT) is not recommended for the primary or secondary prevention of CHD in postmenopausal women. In most countries the only indication for HT is the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Women with known CHD or with many coronary risk factors seeking HT because of troublesome climacteric symptoms should be evaluated for their individual baseline risk of developing breast cancer, venous thromboembolism and CHD recurrence. The same applies to non hormone therapy-based treatments where long term clinical studies are lacking. Risks should be weighed against expected benefit from symptom relief and improved quality of life. The lowest effective estrogen dose should be used during the shortest possible time. Transdermal administration is preferred if risk factors for VTE exist. Different progestogens might differ in their cardiovascular effects. Observational studies suggest that micronized progesterone or dydrogesterone may have a better risk profile than other progestogens with regard to thrombotic risk.
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The changed ultrastructure of fibrin networks during use of oral contraception and hormone replacement. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2010; 30:502-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-010-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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