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Alzahrani FM, Alhassan JA, Alshehri AM, Farooqi FA, Aldossary MA, Abdelghany MK, Ibrahim H, El-Masry OS. The impact of SELP gene Thr715Pro polymorphism on sP-selectin level and association with cardiovascular disease in Saudi diabetic patients: A cross-sectional case-control study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103579. [PMID: 36844639 PMCID: PMC9944555 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased soluble sP-selectin and 715Thr > Pro polymorphism were studied in CVD and T2DM, but association between them hasn't been explored in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess sP-selectin levels in T2DM and T2DM-associated CVD patients in comparison to healthy control cohort. Also, we sought to investigate relationship between Thr715Pro polymorphism and sP-selectin levels and disease state. Methods This is a cross-sectional case-control study. sP-selectin level (measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and prevalence of Thr715Pro polymorphism (assessed by Sanger sequencing) were investigated in 136 Saudi participants. The study comprised 3 groups: group1 included 41 T2DM patients; group 2 (48 T2DM patients with CVD), and group 3 (47 healthy controls). Results sP-selectin levels were significantly higher in diabetics and diabetics + CVD groups as compared to the corresponding control. In addition, results showed that the prevalence of 715Thr > Pro polymorphism is 11.75 % in the study population amongst the three study groups (9.55 % Thr/Pro, and 2.2 % Pro/Pro). No statistical difference was found between sP-selectin levels in subject carrying the wildtype genotype of this polymorphism and these who carry the mutant gene. There could be an association between this polymorphism and T2DM, whilst the polymorphism may protect diabetic patients from having CVD. However, odds ratio is not statistically significant in both cases. Conclusion Our study supports the previous researches' results that Thr715Pro is neither influencing the sP-selectin level nor the risk of CVD in T2DM patients.
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Key Words
- ACE-I, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- ARB, Angiotensin II receptor blockers
- BMI, Body-mass index
- CAM, Cell adhesion molecule
- CCB, Calcium channel blockers
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular disease
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Gp1bα, Platelet glycoprotein 1b-alpha
- IDF, International Diabetes Federation
- IR, Insulin resistance
- PMN, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
- SELP, P-selectin gene
- T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Thr715Pro polymorphism
- Type 2 diabetes
- WPb, Weibel-Palade Bodies
- pP-selectin, Platelet P-selectin
- sP-selectin
- sP-selectin, Soluble P-selectin
- vWF, Von-Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinan A. Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 6807, Dammam 31452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M. Alshehri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz A. Farooqi
- College of dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Aldossary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy K Abdelghany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S. El-Masry
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Tunheim EG, Skallevold HE, Rokaya D. Role of hormones in bone remodeling in the craniofacial complex: A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:210-217. [PMID: 36718389 PMCID: PMC9883279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diseases such as periodontitis and osteoporosis are expected to rise tremendously by 2050. Bone formation and remodeling are complex processes that are disturbed in a variety of diseases influenced by various hormones. Objective This study aimed to review and present the roles of various hormones that regulate bone remodeling of the craniofacial complex. Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar for studies related to hormones and jawbone. Search strategies included the combinations ("name of hormone" + "dental term") of the following terms: "hormones", "oxytocin", "estrogen", "adiponectin", "parathyroid hormone", "testosterone", "insulin", "angiotensin", "cortisol", and "erythropoietin", combined with a dental term "jaw bone", "alveolar bone", "dental implant", "jaw + bone regeneration, healing or repair", "dentistry", "periodontitis", "dry socket", "osteoporosis" or "alveolitis". The papers were screened according to the inclusion criteria from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2021 in English. Publications included reviews, book chapters, and original research papers; in vitro studies, in vivo animal, or human studies, including clinical studies, and meta-analyses. Results Bone formation and remodeling is a complex continuous process involving many hormones. Bone volume reduction following tooth extractions and bone diseases, such as periodontitis and osteoporosis, cause serious problems and require a great understanding of the process. Conclusion Hormones are with us all the time, shape our development and regulate homeostasis. Newly discovered effects of hormones influencing bone healing open the possibilities of using hormones as therapeutics to combat bone-related diseases.
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Key Words
- ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
- ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR, ACE 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mas receptor
- AD, Androgens
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end-products
- AN, Adiponectin
- Bone formation
- Bone homeostasis
- Bone regeneration
- Bone resportion
- DHT, Dihydrotestosterone
- DIZE, Diminazene aceturate
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- EPO, Erythropoietin
- ER, Estrogen receptors
- ERα, ER alpha
- ERβ, ER beta
- ES, Estrogen
- GPER1, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1
- HIF-PHIs, Hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors
- Hormones
- IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor-1
- Jawbone
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OT, Oxytocin
- PTH, Parathyroid hormone
- RAGEs, Receptor advanced glycation end-products
- RANKL, Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- RAS, Renin-angiotensin system
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Grinde Tunheim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Hans Erling Skallevold
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Mbinta JF, Wang AX, Nguyen BP, Paynter J, Awuni PMA, Pine R, Sporle AA, Simpson CR. Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness against herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 31:100601. [PMID: 36879782 PMCID: PMC9985042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes zoster (HZ) and associated complications cause significant burden to older people. A HZ vaccination programme was introduced in Aotearoa New Zealand in April 2018 with a single dose vaccine for those aged 65 years and a four-year catch up for 66-80 year-olds. This study aimed to assess the 'real-world' effectiveness of the zoster vaccine live (ZVL) against HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). METHODS We conducted a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study from 1 April 2018 to 1 April 2021 using a linked de-identified patient level Ministry of Health data platform. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate ZVL vaccine effectiveness (VE) against HZ and PHN adjusting for covariates. Multiple outcomes were assessed in the primary (hospitalised HZ and PHN - primary diagnosis) and secondary (hospitalised HZ and PHN: primary and secondary diagnosis, community HZ) analyses. A sub-group analysis was carried out in, adults ≥ 65 years old, immunocompromised adults, Māori, and Pacific populations. FINDINGS A total of 824,142 (274,272 vaccinated with ZVL matched with 549,870 unvaccinated) New Zealand residents were included in the study. The matched population was 93.4% immunocompetent, 52.2% female, 80.2% European (level 1 ethnic codes), and 64.5% were 65-74 years old (mean age = 71.1±5.0). Vaccinated versus unvaccinated incidence of hospitalised HZ was 0.16 vs. 0.31/1,000 person-years and 0.03 vs. 0.08/1000 person-years for PHN. In the primary analysis, the adjusted overall VE against hospitalised HZ and hospitalised PHN was 57.8% (95% CI: 41.1-69.8) and 73.7% (95% CI:14.0-92.0) respectively. In adults ≥ 65 years old, the VE against hospitalised HZ was 54.4% (95% CI: 36.0-67.5) and VE against hospitalised PHN was 75·5% (95% CI: 19.9-92.5). In the secondary analysis, the VE against community HZ was 30.0% (95% CI: 25.6-34.5). The ZVL VE against hospitalised HZ for immunocompromised adults was 51.1% (95% CI: 23.1-69.5), and PHN hospitalisation was 67.6% (95% CI: 9.3-88.4). The VE against HZ hospitalisation for Māori was 45.2% (95% CI: -23.2-75.6) and for Pacific Peoples was 52.2% (95% CI: -40.6 -83·7). INTERPRETATION ZVL was associated with a reduction in risk of hospitalisation from HZ and PHN in the New Zealand population. FUNDING Wellington Doctoral Scholarship awarded to JFM.
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Key Words
- AI diseases, Autoimmune diseases
- Adj HR, Adjusted hazard ratio
- CI, Confidence interval
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
- CVD, Cerebrovascular diseases
- DHB, District health board
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- HR, Hazard ratio
- HZ, Herpes zoster
- Herpes zoster
- ICD-10-AM-iii, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-Tenth Revision-Australian Modification
- IHD, Ischaemic heart diseases
- MELAA, Middle Eastern / Latin American / African
- NZ, New Zealand
- NZDep2013, New Zealand Socioeconomic 2013 deprivation index
- New Zealand
- PHN, Postherpetic neuralgia
- PPV, Positive predictive value
- Postherpetic neuralgia
- RCTs, Randomised control trials
- VZV, Varicella zoster virus
- Varicella zoster virus
- ZVL, Zoster vaccine live
- Zoster vaccine live
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Mbinta
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alex X. Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wellington Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Binh P. Nguyen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wellington Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Janine Paynter
- Department of General Practice & Primary Healthcare, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Russell Pine
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew A. Sporle
- iNZight Analytics Ltd; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin R. Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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El-Sawah SG, Rashwan HM, Althobaiti F, Aldhahrani A, Fayad E, Shabana ES, El-Hallous EI, Amen RM. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs Ameliorating Effects on The Metabolic and Hepato-renal Abnormalities in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1053-60. [PMID: 35197774 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious threats in the 21th century throughout the human population that needs to be addressed cautiously. Nowadays, stem cell injection is considered among the most promising protocols for DM therapy; owing to its marked tissues and organs repair capability. Therefore, our 4 weeks study was undertaken to elucidate the probable beneficial effects of two types of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on metabolism disturbance and some tissue function defects in diabetic rats. Animals were classified into 4 groups; the control group, the diabetic group, the diabetic group received a single dose of adipose tissue-derived MSCs and the diabetic group received a single dose of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Herein, both MSCs treated groups markedly reduced hyperglycemia resulting from diabetes induction via lowering serum glucose and rising insulin and C-peptide levels, compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, the increased lipid fractions levels were reverted back to near normal values as a consequence to MSCs injection compared to the diabetic untreated rats. Furthermore, both MSCs types were found to have hepato-renal protective effects indicated through the decreased serum levels of both liver and kidney functions markers in the treated diabetic rats. Taken together, our results highlighted the therapeutic benefits of both MSCs types in alleviating metabolic anomalies and hepato-renal diabetic complications.
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Key Words
- AD-MSCs, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end products
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BM-MSCs, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- D, Diabetic
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DN, Diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetes
- Diabetic nephropathy
- FBG, Fasting blood glucose
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HO-1, Heme-oxygenase 1
- HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin
- Hyperlipidemia
- IPCs, Insulin producing cells
- ISCT, International Society for Cellular Therapy
- LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MSCs
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SEM, Standard error of mean
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Scientists
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T1DM, Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- TC, Total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TL, Total lipids
- γ-GT, gamma glutamyl transferase
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Jothimani D, Danielraj S, Narasimhan G, Kaliamoorthy I, Rajakumar A, Palaniappan K, Palanichamy S, Rammohan A, Ramachandran H, Rajalingam R, Rela M. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Rapidly Increasing Indication for Liver Transplantation in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:908-16. [PMID: 35677507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, there has been a considerable increase in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Availability of high-efficacy drugs for hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may have changed the disease prevalence. We aimed to study the impact of this changing epidemiology in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) over a 10-year period. METHODS The study population was stratified into Period 1 (2009-2014) and Period 2 (2015-2019). Demographics, indications for LT and changes in the epidemiology between two periods were analysed. Aetiology-based posttransplant survival analysis was carried out. RESULTS Indication for LT among 1017 adult patients (277 in Period 1 and 740 in Period 2) showed a significant increase in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; 85 [30.7%] and 311 [42%]; P = 0.001), decrease in hepatitis C (49 [17.7%] and 75 [10.1%]; P = 0.002), and increase in hepatocellular carcinoma from Period 1 to Period 2 (13 [26.5%] to 38 [50.7%]; P = 0.009) among HCV patients. Patients transplanted for NASH had a lower 5-year survival compared with viral hepatitis (75.9% vs 87.4%; P = 0.03). There was a strong association between coronary artery disease and NASH (hazard ratio = 1.963, 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.22). CONCLUSION NASH is the leading indication for liver transplantation in India, surpassing viral hepatitis in recent years.
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Key Words
- ASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- CAD, Coronary artery disease
- CLD, Chronic liver disease
- DAA, Direct acting antiviral drugs
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus infection
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus infection
- LT, Liver transplantation
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- SVR, Sustained virological response
- cardiovascular disease
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- liver transplantation
- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- viral hepatitis
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Shalimar, Elhence A, Bansal B, Gupta H, Anand A, Singh TP, Goel A. Prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:818-829. [PMID: 35677499 PMCID: PMC9168741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes to a large proportion of liver disease burden in the world. Several groups have studied the prevalence of NAFLD in the Indian population. AIM A systematic review of the published literature and meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in the Indian population. METHODS English language literature published until April 2021 was searched from electronic databases. Original data published in any form which had reported NAFLD prevalence in the Indian population were included. The subgroup analysis of prevalence was done based on the age (adults or children) and risk category, i.e., average-risk group (community population, participants of control arm, unselected participants, hypothyroidic individuals, athletes, aviation crew, and army personnel) and high-risk group (obesity or overweight, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, etc.). The prevalence estimates were pooled using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2. RESULTS Sixty-two datasets (children 8 and adults 54) from 50 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of NAFLD was estimated from 2903 children and 23,581 adult participants. Among adults, the estimated pooled prevalence was 38.6% (95% CI 32-45.5). The NAFLD prevalence in average-risk and high-risk subgroups was estimated to be 28.1% (95% CI 20.8-36) and 52.8% (95% CI 46.5-59.1), respectively. The estimated NAFLD prevalence was higher in hospital-based data (40.8% [95% CI 32.6-49.3%]) than community-based data (28.2% [95% CI 16.9-41%]). Among children, the estimated pooled prevalence was 35.4% (95% CI 18.2-54.7). The prevalence among non-obese and obese children was 12.4 (95% CI 4.4-23.5) and 63.4 (95% CI 59.4-67.3), respectively. CONCLUSION Available data suggest that approximately one in three adults or children have NAFLD in India.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, Body mass index
- CAD, Coronary artery disease
- CI, Confidence interval
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- GBD, Global burden of disease
- GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus
- GDP, Gross domestic product
- HC, Healthy control
- IGT, Impaired glucose tolerance
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NPCDCS, National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke
- OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea
- PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- UT, Union Territories
- diabetes mellitus
- fatty liver
- metabolic syndrome
- obesity
- steatohepatitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalimar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhavik Bansal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hardik Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thakur P. Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,Address for correspondence: Amit Goel, Additional Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Hijazi G, Paschall A, Young SP, Smith B, Case LE, Boggs T, Amarasekara S, Austin SL, Pendyal S, El-Gharbawy A, Deak KL, Muir AJ, Kishnani PS. A retrospective longitudinal study and comprehensive review of adult patients with glycogen storage disease type III. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100821. [PMID: 34820282 PMCID: PMC8600151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A deficiency of glycogen debrancher enzyme in patients with glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) manifests with hepatic, cardiac, and muscle involvement in the most common subtype (type a), or with only hepatic involvement in patients with GSD IIIb. Objective and methods To describe longitudinal biochemical, radiological, muscle strength and ambulation, liver histopathological findings, and clinical outcomes in adults (≥18 years) with glycogen storage disease type III, by a retrospective review of medical records. Results Twenty-one adults with GSD IIIa (14 F & 7 M) and four with GSD IIIb (1 F & 3 M) were included in this natural history study. At the most recent visit, the median (range) age and follow-up time were 36 (19–68) and 16 years (0–41), respectively. For the entire cohort: 40% had documented hypoglycemic episodes in adulthood; hepatomegaly and cirrhosis were the most common radiological findings; and 28% developed decompensated liver disease and portal hypertension, the latter being more prevalent in older patients. In the GSD IIIa group, muscle weakness was a major feature, noted in 89% of the GSD IIIa cohort, a third of whom depended on a wheelchair or an assistive walking device. Older individuals tended to show more severe muscle weakness and mobility limitations, compared with younger adults. Asymptomatic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common cardiac manifestation, present in 43%. Symptomatic cardiomyopathy and reduced ejection fraction was evident in 10%. Finally, a urinary biomarker of glycogen storage (Glc4) was significantly associated with AST, ALT and CK. Conclusion GSD III is a multisystem disorder in which a multidisciplinary approach with regular clinical, biochemical, radiological and functional (physical therapy assessment) follow-up is required. Despite dietary modification, hepatic and myopathic disease progression is evident in adults, with muscle weakness as the major cause of morbidity. Consequently, definitive therapies that address the underlying cause of the disease to correct both liver and muscle are needed.
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Key Words
- AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BG, Blood glucose
- BMI, Body mass index
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CPK, Creatine phosphokinase
- CT scan, Computerized tomography scan
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cirrhosis
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- GDE, Glycogen debrancher enzyme
- GGT, Gamma glutamyl transferase
- GSD, Glycogen storage disease
- Glc4, Glucose tetrasaccharide
- Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III)
- HDL, High density lipoprotein
- Hypoglycemia
- LDL, Low density lipoproteins
- LT, liver transplantation.
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- TGs, Triglycerides
- US, Ultrasound
- and myopathy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Hijazi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Paschall
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah P Young
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Smith
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Case
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tracy Boggs
- Duke University Health System, Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Austin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Surekha Pendyal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Areeg El-Gharbawy
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristen L Deak
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Ayele AG, Kumar P, Engidawork E. Antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Rubus Erlangeri Engl (Rosacea) in mice. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100118. [PMID: 34466798 PMCID: PMC8384911 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the inexorable rise despite the promises of a wide range of conventional medications. Thus, there is a need to scientifically investigate plants for antidiabetic effect. METHODS After the Rubus Erlanrige Engl (Rosaceae) leaf has been decocted, the plant extract's antidiabetic activity was first investigated in vitro and then in vivo. The in vitro activity was assessed using 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic acid, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine method for α-amylase inhibition and antioxidant effect respectively. On the other hand, the in vivo antidiabetic activity was carried out in normoglycemic, glucose loaded (2.5 g/kg) and single dose streptozotocin (200 mg/kg) induced diabetic mice. RESULTS Acute toxicity study showed the extract is safe with ≥2 g/kg. The in vitro results demonstrated the extract has an IC50 of 7.34 ± 0.02 and 10.38 ± 0.0.62 μg/ml for antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activity respectively. On the other hand, the in vivo study revealed that the extract significantly reduced blood glucose level following glucose loading. The extract did not, however, produce a significant reduction of glucose level in normal mice indicating low risk of hypoglycemia. The extract also significantly decreased blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In the single dose study, the extract lowered blood glucose level all except by lower dose at the 3rd and 4th h (p < 0.05). In repeated dose studies, the reduction in fasting blood glucose was significant with all doses of the extract from the 2nd week onwards. In addition, the extract produced less reduction in body weight after diabetic induction. CONCLUSION The findings collectively indicate that the extract has an antidiabetic activity, with low risk of hypoglycemia, probably mediated by various secondary metabolites that act in synergy.
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Key Words
- BGL, blood glucose level
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DNS, Dinitrosalicylic acid
- DPPH, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine
- Diabetes mellitus
- FBG, Fasting blood glucose
- GAE, Gallic acid equivalent weight
- IP, intraperitoneal
- In vitro
- In vivo
- NO, nitric oxide
- OGTT, Oral glucose tolerance
- Rubus erlangeri
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- Streptozotocin
- TFC, Total flavonoid content
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeberegn Gorems Ayele
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Dalamaga M. Prediabetes screening: Questionable benefits in the golden years. Metabol Open 2021; 10:100091. [PMID: 33912821 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irrespective of the definition and diagnostic criteria used, the term prediabetes denotes a state of dysmetabolism with a high risk of progression to diabetes mellitus. Although diabetes-related complications may already be evident among individuals with prediabetes, interventions at this stage primarily aim to hinder the development of overt hyperglycemia rather than to prevent complications. Current recommendations for prediabetes testing are common across all adult age categories. Recent evidence arising from the prospective investigation of the natural course of prediabetes among elderly individuals pose questions regarding the benefits of meticulous prediabetes screening in this age group. In view of this and due to the lack of sufficient data to concretely support a positive impact of further preventive strategies among older individuals, screening recommendations should be reevaluated to target selected elderly individuals who are most likely to benefit in terms of quality of life and prognosis. Further therapeutic measures should be tailored to the inherent features of this frail age group, in order to exert a meaningful effect on overall health status.
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Key Words
- ADA, American Diabetes Association
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes
- FPG, Fasting plasma glucose
- Glucose
- Glycated hemoglobin
- HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
- HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin
- IEC, International Expert Committee
- NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program
- PG, Plasma glucose
- Prediabetes
- Screening
- WHO, World Health Organization
- oGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
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Kamil-Rosenberg S, Kokkinos P, Grune de Souza e Silva C, Yee WLS, Abella J, Chan K, Myers J. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and incidence of atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020; 31:100663. [PMID: 33145394 PMCID: PMC7596185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the interaction between obesity and incidence of AF have been explored separately. Therefore, we evaluated the association between CRF, body mass index (BMI), and risk of developing AF in a cohort of middle-aged and older US Veterans. METHODS Symptom limited exercise tests (ETT) were conducted among 16,397 Veterans (97% male) from January 9,1987 to December 31,2017. No history of AF was evident at the time of the ETTs. CRF was expressed as quartiles of peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved within each age decile. Weight status was classified as normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30-35 kg/m2), or severely obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the association between BMI, CRF categories, and incidence of AF. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 2,155 (13.1%) developed AF. Obese and severely obese subjects had 13% and 32% higher risks for incidence of AF, respectively, vs. normal weight subjects. Overweight and obese subjects in the most fit quartile had 50% decline in AF risk compared to the least-fit subjects. Severely obese subjects had marked increases in AF risk (~50-60%) regardless of fitness level. Risk of developing AF increases with higher BMI and lower CRF. CONCLUSION Improving CRF should be advocated when assessing those at risk for developing AF.
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Key Words
- AF, Atrial fibrillation
- Arrhythmias
- BMI
- BMI, Body mass index
- CPRS, Computerized patient record system
- CRF, Cardiorespiratory fitness
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- Cardiopulmonary fitness
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- ETT, Exercise tolerance test
- HR, Hazard ratio
- HTN, Hypertension
- MET, Metabolic equivalent
- PA, Physical activity
- Risk factors
- VA, Veterans affairs
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirit Kamil-Rosenberg
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter Kokkinos
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Win Leth Shwe Yee
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Abella
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Khin Chan
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Jayaraj RL, Azimullah S, Beiram R. Diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in the Middle East and its shared pathological mediators. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:736-750. [PMID: 32210695 PMCID: PMC6997863 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has risen exponentially worldwide over the past decade. A growing body of research indicates that AD is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and suggests that impaired insulin signaling acts as a crucial risk factor in determining the progression of this devastating disease. Many studies suggest people with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, are at higher risk of eventually developing Alzheimer's dementia or other dementias. Despite nationwide efforts to increase awareness, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has risen significantly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region which might be due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, lack of physical activity and rise in obesity. Growing body of evidence indicates that DM and AD are linked because both conditions involve impaired glucose homeostasis and altered brain function. Current theories and hypothesis clearly implicate that defective insulin signaling in the brain contributes to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits in AD. In the periphery, low-grade chronic inflammation leads to insulin resistance followed by tissue deterioration. Thus insulin resistance acts as a bridge between DM and AD. There is pressing need to understand on how DM increases the risk of AD as well as the underlying mechanisms, due to the projected increase in age related disorders. Here we aim to review the incidence of AD and DM in the Middle East and the possible link between insulin signaling and ApoE carrier status on Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We also critically reviewed mutation studies in Arab population which might influence DM induced AD. In addition, recent clinical trials and animal studies conducted to evaluate the efficiency of anti-diabetic drugs have been reviewed.
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Key Words
- AAV, Adeno-associated virus
- ABCA1, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADAMTS9, ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 9
- AGPAT1, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Anti-diabetic drugs
- ApoE, Apolipoprotein E
- Arab population
- Aβ, Amyloid-beta
- BACE1, Beta-secretase 1
- BBB, Blood-Brain Barrier
- BMI, Body mass index
- CALR, calreticulin gene
- CIP2A, Cancerous Inhibitor Of Protein Phosphatase 2A
- COX-2, Cyclooxygenase 2
- CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DUSP9, Dual Specificity Phosphatase 9
- Diabetes mellitus
- ECE-1, Endotherin converting enzyme 1
- FDG-PET, Fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography
- FRMD4A, FERM Domain Containing 4A
- FTO, Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene
- GLP-1, Glucagon like peptide
- GNPDA2, Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2
- GSK-3β, Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- IDE, Insulin degrading enzyme
- IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor 1
- IR, Insulin receptor
- IR, Insulin resistance
- Insulin signaling
- LPA, Lipophosphatidic acid
- MC4R, Melanocortin 4 receptor
- MCI, Myocardial infarction
- MENA, Middle East North African
- MG-H1, Methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone isomer trifluoroactic acid salt
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- NDUFS3, NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit S3
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NFT, Neurofibrillary tangles
- NOTCH4, Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4
- PI3K, Phosphoinositide-3
- PP2A, Protein phosphatase 2
- PPAR-γ2, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2
- Pit-PET, Pittsburgh compound B- positron emission tomography
- RAB1A, Ras-related protein 1A
- SORT, Sortilin
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T1DM, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- TCF7L2, Transcription Factor 7 Like 2
- TFAP2B, Transcription Factor AP-2 Beta
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Jain A, Mehrotra V, Jha I, Jain A. In vivo studies demonstrate that endothelin-1 traps are a potential therapy for type I diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:133-143. [PMID: 31275884 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition where the body's blood glucose level increases because of the body's inability to make insulin. An important consequence of this is the increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagen 4α1, in key tissues and organs like the heart and kidneys. Diabetes is also associated with increased plasma levels of the vasoactive peptide endothelin (ET)-1. This further aggravates the expression of the ECM proteins. There are also important consequences of increased glucose and ET-1 levels in diabetes on the heart, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods We have previously reported the development of ET-traps, which potently and significantly reduce pathological levels of ET-1. In this study, we tested the in vivo therapeutic potential of ET-traps for type 1 diabetes using the B6 mouse model. Results Following subcutaneous administration of ET-traps 3 times a week, over a 2 month period, the 500 nM dose of ET-traps gave a significant reduction in collagen 4α1 expression in the heart and kidney, returning it back to control, non-diabetic levels at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of fibronectin mRNA is also returned to control levels with the 500 nM dose of ET-traps. The efficacy of ET-traps for type 1 diabetes was further evinced by immunohistochemistry data, echocardiography studies (measuring left ventricular systolic function and diastolic dysfunction) and a measure of urine creatinine and albumin levels. In all analyses, the 500 nM dose of ET-traps returns the different measures to control, non-diabetic levels. Conclusion Data from this study show that in a mouse model ET-traps have a potent and significant therapeutic effect on diabetes disease pathology. Future studies could further evaluate the use of ET-traps as a therapy for diabetes, including taking them through clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Jain
- 1Accelerate Cambridge, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vidhi Mehrotra
- 1Accelerate Cambridge, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ira Jha
- 2National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- 3Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashok Jain
- 1Accelerate Cambridge, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Yao F, Zhang M, Chen L. 5'-Monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) improves autophagic activity in diabetes and diabetic complications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:20-5. [PMID: 26904395 PMCID: PMC4724658 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine disorder, will be one of the leading causes of death world-wide in about two decades. Cellular injuries and disorders of energy metabolism are two key factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which also become the important causes for the process of diabetic complications. AMPK is a key enzyme in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has been implicated in the activation of autophagy in distinct tissues. An increasing number of researchers have confirmed that autophagy is a potential factor to affect or induce diabetes and its complications nowadays, which could remove cytotoxic proteins and dysfunctional organelles. This review will summarize the regulation of autophagy and AMPK in diabetes and its complications, and explore how AMPK stimulates autophagy in different diabetic syndromes. A deeper understanding of the regulation and activity of AMPK in autophagy would enhance its development as a promising therapeutic target for diabetes treatment.
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Key Words
- ACC, carboxylase
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMP-activated protein kinases
- AMPK, 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AdipoR, adiponectin receptors
- Autophagy
- CaMKK, Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase
- DEPTOR, DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DN, Diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetes
- Diabetic complications
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FoxO, forkhead box class O
- GFRs, glomerular filtration rates
- IKK, IκB kinase
- JLDG, Jinlida granule
- JNK, janus kinase
- LC3, light chain 3
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PRAS40, proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa
- RAPTOR, regulator associated protein of mTOR
- SOGA, suppressor of glucose form autophagy
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- ULK1, Unc-51-like kinase 1
- VPS34, vacuolar protein-sorting 34
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1
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Munekane M, Motomura S, Kamino S, Ueda M, Haba H, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Hiromura M, Enomoto S. Visualization of biodistribution of Zn complex with antidiabetic activity using semiconductor Compton camera GREI. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:211-215. [PMID: 28955826 PMCID: PMC5600336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of zinc (Zn) complexes have been developed as promising antidiabetic agents in recent years. However, the pharmacological action of Zn complex is not elucidated because the biodistribution of the complex in a living organism has not been studied. Nuclear medicine imaging is superior technology for the noninvasive analysis of the temporal distribution of drug candidates in living organisms. Gamma-ray emission imaging (GREI), which was developed by our laboratory as a novel molecular imaging modality, was adopted to visualize various γ-ray–emitting radionuclides that are not detected by conventional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Therefore, we applied GREI to a biodistribution assay of Zn complexes. In the present study, 65Zn was produced in the natCu(p,n) reaction in an azimuthal varying field cyclotron for the GREI experiment. The distribution was then noninvasively visualized using GREI after the intravenous administration of a 65Zn-labeled di(1-oxy-2-pyridinethiolato)zinc [Zn(opt)2], ZnCl2, and di(l-histidinato)zinc. The GREI images were validated using conventional invasive assays. This novel study showed that GREI is a powerful tool for the biodistribution analysis of antidiabetic Zn complexes in a living organism. In addition, accumulation of 65Zn in the cardiac blood pool was observed for [Zn(opt)2], which exhibits potent antidiabetic activity. These results suggest that the slow elimination of Zn from the blood is correlated to the antidiabetic activity of [Zn(opt)2]. GREI was applied to the biodistribution analysis of Zn complexes. The characteristic accumulation of 65Zn for [Zn(opt)2] was successfully visualized. Long retention in the blood may be related in the antidiabetic effect of [Zn(opt)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Munekane
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Shinji Motomura
- Next-generation Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kamino
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Next-generation Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiromura
- Next-generation Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shuichi Enomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Next-generation Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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