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van Ierssel JJ, Galea O, Holte K, Luszawski C, Jenkins E, O'Neil J, Emery CA, Mannix R, Schneider K, Yeates KO, Zemek R. How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:537-547. [PMID: 37619783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science up to May 2022. Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR), Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training (i-CONTENT) checklists. Additional information was sought my study authors where reporting was incomplete. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 Tool. RCTs examining non-pharmacological interventions following concussion. RESULTS We included 89 RCTs (n = 53 high ROB) examining 11 different interventions for concussion: sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise, cervicovestibular therapy, physical/cognitive rest, vision therapy, education, psychotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, blue light therapy, osteopathic manipulation, and head/neck cooling. Median scores were: TIDieR 9/12 (75%; interquartile range (IQR) = 5; range: 5-12), CERT 17/19 (89%; IQR = 2; range: 10-19), and i-CONTENT 6/7 (86%; IQR = 1; range: 5-7). Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35% (31/89), CERT 24% (5/21), and i-CONTENT 10% (2/21). Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR (t87 = 2.08; p = 0.04) and CERT (t19 = 2.72; p = 0.01). Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor (TIDieR: rs = 0.27; p = 0.01; CERT: rs = -0.44; p = 0.06; i-CONTENT: rs = -0.17; p = 0.48) or ROB (TIDieR: rs = 0.11; p = 0.31; CERT: rs = 0.04; p = 0.86; i-CONTENT: rs = 0.12; p = 0.60). CONCLUSION RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness, but are often missing key components, particularly modifications, motivational strategies, and qualified supervisor. Reporting completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication, but publication in highly cited journals and low ROB do not guarantee reporting completeness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Galea
- The Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten Holte
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Caroline Luszawski
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jenkins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jennifer O'Neil
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Clark PM, Brunell AB, Buelow MT. The effect of false cognitive feedback on subsequent cognitive task performance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38814262 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2360229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has found beliefs about oneself and one's own abilities may have the potential to affect subsequent performance on a particular task. Additionally, providing false feedback about a particular characteristic or even about overall cognitive abilities may also affect performance on later tasks. However, it is unclear to what extent false positive or negative feedback about cognition will affect subsequent executive function task performance. In the present series of studies, we examined whether receiving negative false feedback about cognition would affect subsequent decision making and other executive function task performance. METHOD In Study 1, the participants (n = 115) received false feedback that they were either high or low in creative intelligence before completing a series of decision making tasks. In Study 2, the participants (n = 146) completed a similar false feedback paradigm before completing assessments of a range of executive functions. RESULTS Across studies, we found limited evidence of a consistent pattern of how false feedback affects subsequent cognitive task performance, although receiving positive and negative feedback affected specific tasks. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the influence of false feedback on task performance is variable and may depend on factors such as the specific task or executive function assessed. In clinical work, it is important to consider how patients may internalize feedback about their cognitive abilities, as the feedback, coupled with other factors such as level of insight, apathy, disinhibition, or prior perceptions regarding a diagnosis, may influence interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper M Clark
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, USA
| | - Amy B Brunell
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, OH, USA
| | - Melissa T Buelow
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, USA
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Williamson ES, Arentsen TJ, Roper BL, Pedersen HA, Shultz LA, Crouse EM. The Importance of the Morel Emotional Numbing Test Instructions: A Diagnosis Threat Induction Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:35-50. [PMID: 37449530 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marketed as a validity test that detects feigning of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Morel Emotional Numbing Test for PTSD (MENT) instructs examinees that PTSD may negatively affect performance on the measure. This study explored the potential that MENT performance depends on inclusion of "PTSD" in its instructions and the nature of the MENT as a performance validity versus a symptom validity test (PVT/SVT). METHOD 358 participants completed the MENT as a part of a clinical neuropsychological evaluation. Participants were either administered the MENT with the standard instructions (SIs) that referenced "PTSD" or revised instructions (RIs) that did not. Others were administered instructions that referenced "ADHD" rather than PTSD (AI). Comparisons were conducted on those who presented with concerns for potential traumatic-stress related symptoms (SI vs. RI-1) or attention deficit (AI vs. RI-2). RESULTS Participants in either the SI or AI condition produced more MENT errors than those in their respective RI conditions. The relationship between MENT errors and other S/PVTs was significantly stronger in the SI: RI-1 comparison, such that errors correlated with self-reported trauma-related symptoms in the SI but not RI-1 condition. MENT failure also predicted PVT failure at nearly four times the rate of SVT failure. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the MENT relies on overt reference to PTSD in its instructions, which is linked to the growing body of literature on "diagnosis threat" effects. The MENT may be considered a measure of suggestibility. Ethical considerations are discussed, as are the construct(s) measured by PVTs versus SVTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Williamson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lt. Col. Luke Weathers, Jr. VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Arentsen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lt. Col. Luke Weathers, Jr. VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brad L Roper
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lt. Col. Luke Weathers, Jr. VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather A Pedersen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lt. Col. Luke Weathers, Jr. VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura A Shultz
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lt. Col. Luke Weathers, Jr. VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ellen M Crouse
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lt. Col. Luke Weathers, Jr. VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Broggi M, Ready RE. Academic skills, self-perceptions, and grades in university students with a history of multiple concussions: The mediating roles of processing speed and psychological symptoms. Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 36:2188-2204. [PMID: 34402398 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1958924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study determined if university students with a history of multiple concussions may be at risk for academic difficulties and poor academic performance. We investigated if executive functioning, processing speed, and/or psychological symptoms might partially account for differences in academic performance of students with and without a history of multiple concussions. University students with a history of three or more concussions (n = 58), one concussion (n = 57), or no concussion (n = 57) completed academic, cognitive, and psychological assessments. Students with a history of multiple concussions read fewer words per minute and reported more learning difficulties than the no concussion group. Processing speed mediated the association between concussion status and reading rate. Psychological symptoms mediated the association between concussion status and self-reported learning difficulties. University students with a history of multiple concussions may be at risk for poor academic outcomes due, at least in part, to slower processing speed and psychological symptoms.Treatment of psychological symptoms, cognitive rehabilitation to augment processing speed, and academic accommodations might improve academic outcomes for students with a history of three or more concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Broggi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ready
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Five-Year Trends in Marital Stability, Academic Achievement, and Socioeconomic Indicators After Concussion: A National Register Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2019; 35:E86-E94. [PMID: 31246879 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine long-term trends in marital stability, academic achievement, income, and socioeconomic status in patients with concussion. DESIGN AND SETTING Danish national register-based cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS A total of 23 549 hospital-admitted or emergency-treated patients between 18 and 60 years of age with concussion (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] diagnosis S06.0) and 22 228 matching controls. MAIN MEASURES Outcomes were the differences between patients with concussion and controls in the change from injury date to 5 years postinjury in the dichotomized outcomes-martial stability, academic achievement, income, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Fewer patients had high education (19.43%) compared with controls (23.96%) and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of high education beyond the difference in prevalence at baseline became even lower at 5 years of follow-up (OR: 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-0.95). Patients were to a lesser extent gainfully employed (67.05%) compared with controls (77.32%) and had lower odds of being gainfully employed (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79-0.88), self-employed, leaders, or managers (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95) at 5 years postinjury, beyond differences at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Academic achievement and socioeconomic status are affected by concussion. There is no evidence that marital stability and income are affected. Supporting interventions should be considered those at risk of persistent symptoms.
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Fresson M, Dardenne B, Meulemans T. Impact of Diagnosis Threat on Neuropsychological Assessment of People with Acquired Brain Injury: Evidence of Mediation by Negative Emotions. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:222-235. [PMID: 29579136 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Some studies have shown that diagnosis threat (DT) could negatively impact the cognitive performance of undergraduate students who had sustained a mild traumatic brain injury. This study was designed to examine DT in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). As a second goal, we investigated the effect of stereotype lift as a way to overcome DT's harmful impact. The purpose of this study was also to examine the mechanisms mediating stereotype effects. Method People with ABI and control participants were assigned to one of three conditions: DT, cognitive-neutral (in which the cognitive status of participants with ABI and the cognitive characteristics of the tasks were deemphasized), and stereotype lift (in which a downward comparison was made with another neurological group). Participants then completed neuropsychological tasks. Negative emotions, intrusive thoughts, task expectancy, and self-efficacy were assessed for mediation analyses. Results Instructions impacted the performance of people with ABI, but not control participants. Compared to the cognitive-neutral condition, participants with ABI in the DT condition performed worse on memory and executive tasks (but not on attention tasks). These effects were mediated by negative emotions. There was no increase in performance in the stereotype lift condition compared to the DT condition. Conclusions This study showed that DT can aggravate the cognitive difficulties of people with ABI during neuropsychological assessment. The mediating role of negative emotions and the selective impact of DT on tasks that rely heavily on executive functioning are discussed in the light of the stereotype threat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fresson
- University of Liège (Belgium), Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, Place des Orateurs 1, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Dardenne
- University of Liège (Belgium), Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, Place des Orateurs 2, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Meulemans
- University of Liège (Belgium), Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, Place des Orateurs 1, Liège, Belgium
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Yehene E, Lichtenstern G, Harel Y, Druckman E, Sacher Y. Self-efficacy and acceptance of disability following mild traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 27:468-477. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1569523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Yehene
- School of Behavioural Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv – Yaffo, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel
- Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Lichtenstern
- School of Behavioural Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv – Yaffo, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel
| | - Yirmi Harel
- Loewenstein Rehabilitation Centre, Raanana, Israel
| | - Eran Druckman
- School of Behavioural Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv – Yaffo, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel
| | - Yaron Sacher
- Loewenstein Rehabilitation Centre, Raanana, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Powell MR, Brown AW, Klunk D, Geske JR, Krishnan K, Green C, Bergquist TF. Injury Severity and Depressive Symptoms in a Post-acute Brain Injury Rehabilitation Sample. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2019; 26:470-482. [PMID: 30690670 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-019-09602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between injury severity and depressive symptoms for treatment-seeking individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Mayo Classification System was used to classify TBI severity in 72 participants who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire at admission and at dismissal from rehabilitation. Patients with mild TBI reported more depressive symptoms than those with moderate or severe TBI at admission and at dismissal. Although injury severity groups differed by gender composition, gender had no effect on severity of depressive symptoms. All participants reported fewer depressive symptoms at dismissal from rehabilitation, including lower endorsement of dysphoria by discharge. Participants with mild TBI, however, continued to report depressive symptoms of a mild severity at dismissal, with residual problems with anhedonia. These findings underscore the benefit of interdisciplinary post-acute rehabilitation services for persons with TBI of any severity, including those with mild injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Powell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Allen W Brown
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Danielle Klunk
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kamini Krishnan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cassie Green
- Kirk Neurobehavioral Health, Louisville, CO, USA
| | - Thomas F Bergquist
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to examine if televised media about mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) framed in a sensationalized manner had a negative impact on cognitive functioning and persistent mTBI symptoms. METHODS One hundred two participants (M Age=37.16; SD=22.61) with a history of post-acute mTBI, recruited through a community research registry and an undergraduate recruitment system, were included in this study. Participants were assessed with a measure of health literacy, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), and randomized to watch either a sensationalized or non-sensationalized news clip focused on mTBI. They were then assessed with the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), Patient Reported Outcome Measures Information System (PROMIS) Depression scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (PCL-5). RESULTS Bayesian analyses indicated that sensationalized media-alone (β PASAT=-0.08; β RPQ=-0.08) or in the context of covariates (β PASAT=-0.11; β RPQ=-0.14)-was not a strong predictor of PASAT score or post-concussion syndrome symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Although media sensationalization of mTBI symptoms is not desirable, this study suggests that one brief exposure to sensationalized information may not have a meaningful immediate impact on the cognitive functioning or symptom reporting of individuals with a history of mTBI. Future research should examine long-term and downstream effects of sensationalized media reporting in samples with greater diversity of TBI history. (JINS, 2019, 25, 90-100).
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Fresson M, Dardenne B, Meulemans T. Influence of diagnosis threat and illness cognitions on the cognitive performance of people with acquired brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 29:1637-1654. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1439756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fresson
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège (Belgium), Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Dardenne
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège (Belgium), Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Meulemans
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège (Belgium), Liège, Belgium
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Fresson M, Dardenne B, Meulemans T. Diagnosis threat and underperformance: The threat must be relevant and implicit. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:682-697. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1420143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fresson
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège (Belgium), Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Dardenne
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège (Belgium), Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Meulemans
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition Unit, University of Liège (Belgium), Liège, Belgium
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Mah K, Hickling A, Reed N. Perceptions of mild traumatic brain injury in adults: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:960-973. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1277402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Mah
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea Hickling
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Kelly K, Erdal K. Diagnostic terminology, athlete status, and history of concussion affect return to play expectations and anticipated symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 39:587-595. [PMID: 27841084 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1250870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
"Mild traumatic brain injury" (mTBI) and "concussion" are terms often used interchangeably. However, "mTBI" is frequently seen as representing a broader injury that encompasses the construct of "concussion," which often conveys transience or decreased severity. The present study examined the influence of varying diagnostic terminology on acute injury expectations in an undergraduate population (N = 105). Participants were presented with an mTBI vignette and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which the term "mTBI" or "concussion" was used to describe the injury. There were no significant differences between the two conditions on anxiety, symptomatology, timeline, or consequence scales. However, participants in the "mTBI" group allocated more days to return to play than participants in the "concussion" group, suggesting that terminology has an effect on perceptions of the severity of the injury. Varsity athletes allocated fewer days to return to play than nonathletes. Individuals with a history of concussion, both athletes and nonathletes, indicated fewer days to return to play, but greater symptomatology than individuals with no history of concussion. Clinicians should consider the influence of diagnostic terminology, athletic background, and history of concussion on perceptions of the severity of an injury because expectations can influence injury outcomes and compliance in a recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten Kelly
- a Department of Psychology , Colorado College , Colorado Springs , CO , USA
| | - Kristi Erdal
- a Department of Psychology , Colorado College , Colorado Springs , CO , USA
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Diagnosis Threat and Injury Beliefs After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:727-737. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chaney GAS, Parente R. Self-appraisal: Estimates of intellectual performance for persons with Acquired Brain Injury. NeuroRehabilitation 2016; 39:37-43. [PMID: 27341360 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) limits a survivor's ability to appraise their task performance. There are, however, few measures of self-appraisal. OBJECTIVE This study developed a technique for measuring self-appraisal originally proposed by Wilbur, Wilk, Silver, and Parente (2008). METHODS A multivariate model of self-appraisal that includes measures of predicted performance as well as measures of over- and under-estimation of performance was evaluated with ABI survivors, participants with diagnosed learning disabilities, and others with emotional impairments to determine which measures were the most sensitive to the differences among the groups. RESULTS This model provided a more accurate assessment of self-appraisal than the one previously proposed by Wilbur et al. (2008). The two measures of self-appraisal measure different psychological processes, and the overall model measures aspects of performance that are unrelated to an individual's IQ. A measure of over- or under-estimation of performance was the most sensitive component of the model. CONCLUSIONS Self-appraisal is a multi-dimensional concept, with at least two main components. The findings corroborate previous literature suggesting that persons with ABI have difficulty accurately assessing their task performance resulting in inflated performance judgments. This self-appraisal technique can be applied to most assessments of performance.
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Self- and Informant Ratings of Executive Functioning After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2015; 30:E30-9. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Donders J, Strong CAH. Latent Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult Version (BRIEF–A) After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bigler ED. Effort, symptom validity testing, performance validity testing and traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2014; 28:1623-38. [PMID: 25215453 PMCID: PMC4673569 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.947627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the neurocognitive effects of brain injury, valid neuropsychological test findings are paramount. REVIEW This review examines the research on what has been referred to a symptom validity testing (SVT). Above a designated cut-score signifies a 'passing' SVT performance which is likely the best indicator of valid neuropsychological test findings. Likewise, substantially below cut-point performance that nears chance or is at chance signifies invalid test performance. Significantly below chance is the sine qua non neuropsychological indicator for malingering. However, the interpretative problems with SVT performance below the cut-point yet far above chance are substantial, as pointed out in this review. This intermediate, border-zone performance on SVT measures is where substantial interpretative challenges exist. Case studies are used to highlight the many areas where additional research is needed. Historical perspectives are reviewed along with the neurobiology of effort. Reasons why performance validity testing (PVT) may be better than the SVT term are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Advances in neuroimaging techniques may be key in better understanding the meaning of border zone SVT failure. The review demonstrates the problems with rigidity in interpretation with established cut-scores. A better understanding of how certain types of neurological, neuropsychiatric and/or even test conditions may affect SVT performance is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Bigler
- Department of Psychology
- Neuroscience Center
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Facility, Brigham Young University
Provo, UTUSA
- Department of Psychiatry
- The Brain Institute of Utah, University of Utah
Salt Lake City, UTUSA
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