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Xue L, Yan Y, Fan H, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen L. Future self-continuity and depression among college students: The role of presence of meaning and perceived social support. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1463-1477. [PMID: 37455393 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Future self-continuity has been shown to have a protective effect against depression. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between future self-continuity and depression among college students, and to explore the mediating role of the presence of meaning and the moderating role of perceived social support. METHODS We conducted two studies in China in 2022 and 2023. Study 1 was a longitudinal cross-lagged study that examined the relationship between future self-continuity and depression among 173 participants (49.13% females, Mage = 19.39, SD = 1.63). Study 2 was a cross-sectional study that explored the mediating role of the presence of meaning and the moderating role of perceived social support among 426 participants (48.59% females, Mage = 19.30, SD = 1.60). RESULTS Study 1 showed that future self-continuity (T1) could significantly predict depression (T2), but depression (T1) could not predict future self-continuity (T2). Study 2 showed that after controlling for gender, the presence of meaning mediated the relationship between future self-continuity and depression, whereas perceived social support moderated the first half of the mediated model's pathway and the direct pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that enhancing the future self-continuity of college students and increasing the level of presence of meaning are effective measures for alleviating depression. Meanwhile, educators and families are called upon to provide more social support to college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xue
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Rose AJ, Schwartz-Mette R, Borowski SK, Spiekerman A. Co-rumination and conversational self-focus: Adjustment implications of problem talk in adolescents' friendships. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 65:235-253. [PMID: 37481299 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Friendships are central relationships during adolescence. Given the increased experience of stress during adolescence, friends are especially critical sources of support at this time. Although experiencing social support is related to well-being, adolescents' experiences sharing problems with friends is not always positive. In this chapter, we consider two forms of problematic talk, co-rumination and conversational self-focus. Co-rumination refers to conversations about problems that is excessive, repetitive, speculative, and focused on negative affect. Conversational self-focus refers to adolescents re-directing conversations about friends' problems to oneself. Both co-rumination and conversational self-focus are associated with depressive symptoms. However, whereas co-rumination draws friends together and is associated with positive friendship quality, adolescents who engage in conversational self-focus are increasingly rejected by friends. Directions for future research and applied implications of studying social support processes between friends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Rose
- University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | | | | | - Allie Spiekerman
- University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, United States
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Yunitasari E, Yusuf A, Aditya RS, Acob JRU, Solikhah FK, Alrazeeni DM. Nursing Students Facilitating the Transition from Suicidal Ideation to Action in the Rural: A Qualitative Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:171-180. [PMID: 36698698 PMCID: PMC9869691 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s387362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to increase understanding of the process of nursing students at risk of completing suicide attempts that facilitates the transition from suicidal ideation to action. And The Central Bureau of Statistics, there were 812 suicide cases throughout Indonesia. METHODS The qualitative research involved 15 nursing students who were selected purposively. data collection in rural East Java Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological method. RESULTS We identified six main themes; 1 (the dimension of individual history). 2 (socio-cultural dimension) describes the problems experienced by nursing students on campus and off campus. 3 (interpersonal dimension). 4 (intrapersonal dimension); Factors of family conflict, peer conflict, and psychiatric and/or medical disorders. 5 (emotional dimension). 6. (be a good listener). CONCLUSION The intrapersonal element is the most influential catalyst in the progression from suicidal ideation to action. As prospective targets for preventive interventions and practices with nursing students at risk of suicide, our findings suggest the need for specific measures addressing freshman recruitment during selection for faculty, emotional dysregulation, and feelings of invalidity and entrapment. Nursing students need intrapersonal training. Being a good listener for all students, lecturers and staff is important to create a support system for suicide prevention in the nursing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Yunitasari
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ronal Surya Aditya
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Joel Rey U Acob
- Department of Nursing, Visayas State University, Visayas, Philippines
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Jin Z, Li R, Xu H, Rong F, Xiao W, Yu W, Sun Y, Zhang S, Tao F, Wan Y. Interaction effects of screen time and fast-food consumption on suicidal behaviours: Evidence from a nationwide survey among Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:164-171. [PMID: 36155233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although screen time and fast-food consumption have been linked to suicidal behaviours, it is unclear whether their combined effects are associated with suicidal behaviours among adolescents. METHODS A sample of 16,853 Chinese adolescents answered a standard questionnaire on screen time, fast-food consumption, and suicidal behaviours. A binomial logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between the three. An interaction model was used to examine the interaction effects of screen time and fast-food consumption on suicidal behaviours in adolescents. RESULTS There were positive correlations between screen time, fast-food consumption, and suicidal behaviours, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Interaction analyses indicated that increased screen time on weekdays and fast-food consumption were associated with suicidal ideation. The relative excess risk of interaction, attributable proportions, and synergy index of interaction were 0.41, 0.15, and 1.32, respectively. Increased screen time on weekends and fast-food consumption were associated with suicidal ideation. The relative excess risk of interaction, attributable proportions, and synergy index of interaction were 0.37, 0.14, and 1.27, respectively. Similar additive interaction effects were exhibited in increased screen time and fast-food consumption on suicidal planning. Positive additive interaction effects were observed in increased screen time on weekdays and fast-food consumption on suicide attempts. LIMITATIONS A cross-sectional study design was used; therefore, causal associations remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS Screen time and fast-food consumption are cross-sectionally associated with suicidal behaviours among Chinese adolescents. Strategies should be considered to reduce screen time and fast-food consumption among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengge Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Rong
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Wan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China.
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The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults. Mol Autism 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35313974 PMCID: PMC8935684 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there are known risk factors for suicidality in autistic adults, these are often unconnected from theoretical frameworks that might explain why risk is elevated and guide clinical interventions. The present study investigated the relevance of constructs from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS), including perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and acquired capability for suicide, and explored mechanisms through which certain risk factors (relationship status, age at diagnosis) might elevate suicide risk. Methods Autistic adults (n = 314) completed an online study including measures of depression, anxiety and constructs from the ITS. Linear and multinomial regression analysis disentangled contributions of ITS variables from effects of depression and anxiety for past-year suicide ideation, past-year and lifetime suicide attempts. Mediation analyses examined associations between risk factors and these suicide outcomes via mechanisms proposed by the ITS. Results Past-year suicide ideation was associated with burdensomeness, mental rehearsal of suicide plans (a facet of acquired capability), and depression. Greater feelings of burdensomeness, and reduced fear of death, marked out participants who had attempted suicide in comparison to those who had experienced suicide ideation in the past year. Relationship status was indirectly associated with past-year suicide ideation via the mediators of depression and burdensomeness, and was associated with past-year attempts via its effect on ideation. Age at diagnosis was unrelated to any variables. Limitations Cross-sectional research is insensitive to causality and temporal dynamics, which is likely why interaction hypotheses from the ITS were unsupported. Normative measures may be invalid in autistic samples. There was no control group. The autistic sample was unrepresentative of the whole population, particularly autistic people with intellectual disabilities, ethnic/racial minorities, and gender minorities. Conclusions Perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability appear potentially important to suicide in autistic people, and may mediate the effects of some risk factors. Future research should explore the temporal dynamics of suicide trajectories in longitudinal, prospective designs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-022-00495-5.
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Rosen MR, Michael KD, Jameson JP. CALM gatekeeper training is associated with increased confidence in utilizing means reduction approaches to suicide prevention among college resident assistants. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:501-508. [PMID: 32407219 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1756825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most suicide prevention programs focus on increasing knowledge regarding the problem of suicide, yet many fail to include information on the science and application of means reduction approaches. In an attempt to address this gap in practice, the Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM) program was developed to educate clinicians on the importance of means reduction interventions. METHODS In the current study, a gatekeeper CALM training was delivered to 167 resident assistants. Confidence levels regarding suicide prevention and means reduction skills were assessed at baseline, post-training, and after a 6-week follow-up. RESULTS Results were suggestive of medium to large training effects. Though there was a small decay of training effects at follow-up, the effects were durable when compared to baseline levels. CONCLUSION Given these findings, future gatekeeper trainings should be provided more consistently to help sustain the effects and data on the implementation of CALM principles should be measured during follow-up assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Rosen
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kurt D Michael
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - J P Jameson
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
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Fearey E, Evans J, Schwartz-Mette RA. Emotion regulation deficits and depression-related maladaptive interpersonal behaviours. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1559-1572. [PMID: 34842050 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1989668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCoyne's interpersonal theory of depression posits that those with depressive symptoms engage in maladaptive interpersonal behaviours that, although intended to assuage distress, push away social supports and increase depressive symptoms (Coyne, 1976). Excessive reassurance seeking, negative feedback seeking, and conversational self-focus are three behaviours implicated in Coyne's theory, yet their correlates- apart from depressive symptoms- are poorly understood. The current study considered the potential role of intrapersonal emotion regulation deficits as an additional vulnerability factor for these behaviours. Mediation models further tested whether linkages between emotion regulation deficits and maladaptive interpersonal behaviours helped to explain short-term increases in depressive symptoms, as further suggested by theory. Older adolescents (N = 291, M age = 18.9) completed self-report measures of emotion regulation deficits, depressive symptoms, and the three maladaptive interpersonal behaviours during an initial lab visit and again four weeks later. A series of multiple regression models suggested that emotion regulation difficulties are uniquely associated with each of the behaviours over and above the impact of depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses suggested that only excessive reassurance seeking mediated the association between initial emotion regulation deficits and increased depressive symptoms over time. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Fearey
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Jesse Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Maladaptive Interpersonal Behavior in Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:749-761. [PMID: 33544275 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although most research conceptualizes emotion regulation as an internal process (i.e., intrapersonal), emotions are frequently regulated in an interpersonal context. Adolescents may be particularly prone to turn to peers for assistance, given that honing emotion regulation abilities is a key task and peers become increasingly important at this stage. Adolescents each participated with a self-nominated same-gender friend (total N = 186; M age = 15.68 years). All participants provided self-reports of their own emotion regulation difficulties and their engagement in interpersonal behaviors (excessive reassurance seeking, negative feedback seeking, conversational self-focus, self-disclosure) as well as their perceptions of their friends' engagement in excessive reassurance seeking and conversational self-focus. Using a cross-lagged panel model design, the current study tested associations between adolescents' intrapersonal emotion regulation difficulties and engagement in self- and friend-reported interpersonal emotion regulation behaviors at 3 time points over 6 months. Gender and age group differences were considered. Results evidenced concurrent and longitudinal associations between emotion regulation difficulties and self-reported maladaptive (excessive reassurance seeking, conversational self-focus, negative feedback seeking), but not adaptive (self-disclosure), interpersonal regulatory behaviors. Friends' reports of adolescents' excessive reassurance seeking and conversational self-focus were associated concurrently, but not longitudinally, with self-reported emotion regulation difficulties. Implications for clinical intervention with adolescents struggling to regulate emotions are discussed.
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Wakeling S, Stukas AA, Wright BJ, Evans L. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SEEKING AND EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.9.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Negative feedback seeking and excessive reassurance seeking behaviors in interpersonal relationships have been shown to frequently occur in conjunction with levels of depression. Method: We used meta-analysis to examine 102 studies (134 effects), relating depression with negative feedback seeking (k = 31) and/or excessive reassurance seeking (k = 103). Results: Depression had positive, moderate effect sizes with both negative feedback seeking (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) and excessive reassurance seeking (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect size for negative feedback seeking was smaller in romantic relationships compared to other relationship types. Effect sizes for excessive reassurance seeking did not differ for romantic and other relationships but were smaller in romantic relationships of a longer duration. Participant gender and symptom severity did not moderate effect sizes. Studies with child and adolescent samples had larger effects for negative feedback seeking and smaller effects for excessive reassurance seeking, relative to adult samples. Discussion: Longer closer relationships may protect against maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in individuals with depression.
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Mamun MA, Rayhan I, Akter K, Griffiths MD. Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among the University Students in Bangladesh: A Single-Site Survey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, suicide among Bangladeshi university students has become a serious problem. However, to date, there have been no studies assessing suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi students. Therefore, the present study investigated suicidal ideation (SI) and its risk factors among this population. A classroom-based convenience sampling method was utilized to survey 665 students of a university in Bangladesh (67.5% males; aged 21.16 years: SD ± 1.6). In addition to socio-demographic questions, the survey also included the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21. Results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 2.3% in the past 24 h, 4.8% in the past 15 days, 6.9% in the past month, 14.7% in the past year, and 61.1% in the lifetime. The unadjusted regression model showed that being divorced (or separated) from a partner (OR = 4.486, 95% CI = 1.972–10.207, p < 0.0001), Facebook addiction (OR = 1.550, 95% CI = 1.006–2.388, p = 0.047), depression (OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.677–4.211, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR = 2.649, 95% CI = 1.624–4.320, p < 0.0001), and stress (OR = 2.626, 95% CI = 1.673–4.122, p < 0.0001) were the risk factors of past-year SI. Compared with global prevalence rates, the present study reported higher levels of SI prevalence. Therefore, supportive suicide prevention programs are needed to tackle SI and alongside comorbid psychopathology.
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Li W, Dorstyn DS, Jarmon E. Identifying suicide risk among college students: A systematic review. DEATH STUDIES 2019; 44:450-458. [PMID: 30836043 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2019.1578305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental health research highlights the need to focus on suicide risk in college students. However, evidence for associated risk and protective factors in this cohort is mixed. This review synthesizes data from 29 independent studies (N = 11,557 participants). Self-reported depression, cumulative stressful life events, sleep difficulties, a disconnection from others, and a sense of hopelessness demonstrated significant associations with heightened suicide risk. Reasons to live and hope provided significant protective effects. The findings highlight key intervention targets, pointing to the importance of cognitive-behavioral interventions to ameliorate suicidal thoughts but also build dispositional hope and goal-directed thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diana S Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Jarmon
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Orange Regional Medical Center, Middletown, New York, USA
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Violence Exposure and Mental Health of College Students in the United States. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8060053. [PMID: 29882926 PMCID: PMC6027217 DOI: 10.3390/bs8060053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the well-established link between exposure to violence and mental health problems, less is known about this association among college students. The current study aimed to investigate the association between history of exposure to violence and mental health of American college students. Methods: Healthy Mind Study (HMS, 2016⁻2017) is a national online survey of 41,898 adult college students. The independent variable was lifetime history of exposure to violence (psychological, physical, and sexual). The dependent variables were anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Race, age, gender, sexual orientation, parental education, financial stress, transfer status, enrollment status, and graduate status were covariates. Linear and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Results: History of exposure to violence was associated with all three aspects of poor mental health, namely general anxiety, depression, and suicidality. These associations were independent of covariates and type of abuse. Conclusions: There is a need to address various mental health needs of college students who have experienced various forms of violence. College students who screen positive for history of violence exposure should be evaluated for anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors.
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Mortier P, Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Bantjes J, Benjet C, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, Hasking P, Nock MK, O’Neill S, Pinder-Amaker S, Sampson NA, Vilagut G, Zaslavsky AM, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC. Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among First-Year College Students: Results From the WMH-ICS Project. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:263-273.e1. [PMID: 29588052 PMCID: PMC6444360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College entrance may be a strategically well-placed "point of capture" for detecting late adolescents with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). However, a clear epidemiological picture of STB among incoming college students is lacking. We present the first cross-national data on prevalence as well as socio-demographic and college-related correlates for STB among first-year college students. METHOD Web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first-year students (response rate 45.5%) across 19 colleges in 8 countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, and the United States). RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was 32.7%, 17.5%, and 4.3%, respectively. The 12-month prevalence was 17.2%, 8.8%, and 1.0%, respectively. About three-fourths of STB cases had onset before the age of 16 years (Q3 = 15.8), with persistence figures in the range of 41% to 53%. About one-half (53.4%) of lifetime ideators transitioned to a suicide plan; 22.1% of lifetime planners transitioned to an attempt. Attempts among lifetime ideators without plan were less frequent (3.1%). Significant correlates of lifetime STB were cross-nationally consistent and generally modest in effect size (median adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7). Nonheterosexual orientation (aOR range 3.3-7.9) and heterosexual orientation with some same-sex attraction (aOR range 1.9-2.3) were the strongest correlates of STB, and of transitioning from ideation to plans and/or attempts (aOR range 1.6-6.1). CONCLUSION The distribution of STB in first-year students is widespread, and relatively independent of socio-demographic risk profile. Multivariate risk algorithms based on a high number of risk factors are indicated to efficiently link high-risk status with effective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siobhan O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephanie Pinder-Amaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan M. Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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