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Exploring the Expression of Cardiac Regulators in a Vertebrate Extremophile: The Cichlid Fish Oreochromis (Alcolapia) alcalica. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8040022. [PMID: 33020460 PMCID: PMC7712675 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vertebrate cardiac development are evolutionarily conserved, this is on the basis of data from only a few model organisms suited to laboratory studies. Here, we investigate gene expression during cardiac development in the extremophile, non-model fish species, Oreochromis (Alcolapia) alcalica. We first characterise the early development of O. alcalica and observe extensive vascularisation across the yolk prior to hatching. We further investigate heart development by identifying and cloning O. alcalica orthologues of conserved cardiac transcription factors gata4, tbx5, and mef2c for analysis by in situ hybridisation. Expression of these three key cardiac developmental regulators also reveals other aspects of O. alcalica development, as these genes are expressed in developing blood, limb, eyes, and muscle, as well as the heart. Our data support the notion that O. alcalica is a direct-developing vertebrate that shares the highly conserved molecular regulation of the vertebrate body plan. However, the expression of gata4 in O. alcalica reveals interesting differences in the development of the circulatory system distinct from that of the well-studied zebrafish. Understanding the development of O. alcalica embryos is an important step towards providing a model for future research into the adaptation to extreme conditions; this is particularly relevant given that anthropogenic-driven climate change will likely result in more freshwater organisms being exposed to less favourable conditions.
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Yang HK, Gong HS, Hwang JM. Congenital superior oblique palsy in a patient with Holt-Oram syndrome. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:373-375. [PMID: 32710205 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Gama Marques J, Faro Viana P, Peralta AR. A "Sleeping Beauty" With a "Heart-Hand": Kleine-Levin Syndrome Treated With Buproprion and Carbamazepine in a Patient With Holt-Oram Syndrome. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:270-271. [PMID: 27090505 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416644087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Gama Marques
- 1 Clínica de Psicoses Esquizofrénicas, Hospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,2 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faro Viana
- 3 Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Peralta
- 2 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,3 Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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Tsai YC, Grimm S, Chao JL, Wang SC, Hofmeyer K, Shen J, Eichinger F, Michalopoulou T, Yao CK, Chang CH, Lin SH, Sun YH, Pflugfelder GO. Optomotor-blind negatively regulates Drosophila eye development by blocking Jak/STAT signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120236. [PMID: 25781970 PMCID: PMC4363906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ formation requires a delicate balance of positive and negative regulators. In Drosophila eye development, wingless (wg) is expressed at the lateral margins of the eye disc and serves to block retinal development. The T-box gene optomotor-blind (omb) is expressed in a similar pattern and is regulated by Wg. Omb mediates part of Wg activity in blocking eye development. Omb exerts its function primarily by blocking cell proliferation. These effects occur predominantly in the ventral margin. Our results suggest that the primary effect of Omb is the blocking of Jak/STAT signaling by repressing transcription of upd which encodes the Jak receptor ligand Unpaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ju-Lan Chao
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chin Wang
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kerstin Hofmeyer
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Institut für Genetik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Chi-Kuang Yao
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Han Lin
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y. Henry Sun
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YHS); (GOP)
| | - Gert O. Pflugfelder
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Genetik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail: (YHS); (GOP)
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Pi-Roig A, Martin-Blanco E, Minguillon C. Distinct tissue-specific requirements for the zebrafish tbx5 genes during heart, retina and pectoral fin development. Open Biol 2014; 4:140014. [PMID: 24759614 PMCID: PMC4043114 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Tbx5 is expressed in the developing heart, eyes and anterior appendages. Mutations in human TBX5 cause Holt-Oram syndrome, a condition characterized by heart and upper limb malformations. Tbx5-knockout mouse embryos have severely impaired forelimb and heart morphogenesis from the earliest stages of their development. However, zebrafish embryos with compromised tbx5 function show a complete absence of pectoral fins, while heart development is disturbed at significantly later developmental stages and eye development remains to be thoroughly analysed. We identified a novel tbx5 gene in zebrafish--tbx5b--that is co-expressed with its paralogue, tbx5a, in the developing eye and heart and hypothesized that functional redundancy could be occurring in these organs in embryos with impaired tbx5a function. We have now investigated the consequences of tbx5a and/or tbx5b downregulation in zebrafish to reveal that tbx5 genes have essential roles in the establishment of cardiac laterality, dorsoventral retina axis organization and pectoral fin development. Our data show that distinct relationships between tbx5 paralogues are required in a tissue-specific manner to ensure the proper morphogenesis of the three organs in which they are expressed. Furthermore, we uncover a novel role for tbx5 genes in the establishment of correct heart asymmetry in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Pi-Roig
- CSIC-Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Department of Developmental Biology, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Chiavacci E, Dolfi L, Verduci L, Meghini F, Gestri G, Evangelista AMM, Wilson SW, Cremisi F, Pitto L. MicroRNA 218 mediates the effects of Tbx5a over-expression on zebrafish heart development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50536. [PMID: 23226307 PMCID: PMC3511548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
tbx5, a member of the T-box gene family, encodes one of the key transcription factors mediating vertebrate heart development. Tbx5 function in heart development appears to be exquisitely sensitive to gene dosage, since both haploinsufficiency and gene duplication generate the cardiac abnormalities associated with Holt−Oram syndrome (HOS), a highly penetrant autosomal dominant disease characterized by congenital heart defects of varying severity and upper limb malformation. It is suggested that tight integration of microRNAs and transcription factors into the cardiac genetic circuitry provides a rich and robust array of regulatory interactions to control cardiac gene expression. Based on these considerations, we performed an in silico screening to identify microRNAs embedded in genes highly sensitive to Tbx5 dosage. Among the identified microRNAs, we focused our attention on miR-218-1 that, together with its host gene, slit2, is involved in heart development. We found correlated expression of tbx5 and miR-218 during cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse P19CL6 cells. In zebrafish embryos, we show that both Tbx5 and miR-218 dysregulation have a severe impact on heart development, affecting early heart morphogenesis. Interestingly, down-regulation of miR-218 is able to rescue the heart defects generated by tbx5 over-expression supporting the notion that miR-218 is a crucial mediator of Tbx5 in heart development and suggesting its possible involvement in the onset of heart malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Dolfi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Schulte D, Bumsted-O'Brien KM. Molecular mechanisms of vertebrate retina development: Implications for ganglion cell and photoreceptor patterning. Brain Res 2008; 1192:151-64. [PMID: 17553468 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the neural retina appears as a relatively uniform tissue when viewed from its surface, it is in fact highly patterned along its anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes. The question of how and when such patterns arise has been the subject of intensive investigations over several decades. Most studies aimed at understanding retinal pattern formation have used the retinotectal map, the ordered projections of retinal ganglion cells to the brain, as a functional readout of the pattern. However, other cell types are also topographically organized in the retina. The most commonly recognized example of such a topographic cellular organization is the differential distribution of photoreceptor types across the retina. Photoreceptor patterns are highly species-specific and may represent an important adaptation to the visual niche a given species occupies. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed this functional readout of pattern to date and our understanding of its development has remained superficial. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the molecular cascades that control regionalization of the eye anlage, relate these findings to the development of photoreceptor patterns and discuss common and unique strategies involved in both aspects of retinal pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schulte
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Department of Neuroanatomy, Deutschordenst. 46, D-60218 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Plageman TF, Yutzey KE. Microarray analysis of Tbx5-induced genes expressed in the developing heart. Dev Dyn 2007; 235:2868-80. [PMID: 16894625 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tbx5 is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors and is associated with Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), a congenital disorder characterized by heart and limb defects. Although implicated in several processes during development, only a few genes regulated by Tbx5 have been reported. To identify candidate genes regulated by Tbx5 during heart development, a microarray approach was used. A cardiac-derived mouse cell line (1H) was infected with adenoviruses expressing Tbx5 or beta-galactosidase and RNA was isolated for analysis using an Affymetrix gene chip representing over 39,000 transcripts. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed Tbx5 induction of a subset of the genes, including nppa, photoreceptor cadherin, brain creatine kinase, hairy/enhancer-of-split related 2, and gelsolin. In situ hybridization analysis indicated overlapping expression of these genes with tbx5 in the embryonic mouse heart. In addition, the effect of HOS-associated mutations on the ability of Tbx5 to induce target gene expression was evaluated. Together, these data identify several genes induced by Tbx5 that are potentially important during cardiac development. These genes represent new candidate gene targets of Tbx5 that may be related to congenital heart malformations associated with HOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Plageman
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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