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Gilardone G, Longo C, Papagno C. The Role of Working Memory and Short-Term Memory in Sentence Comprehension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Probable Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:530-547. [PMID: 37266838 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of either short-term memory (STM) or working memory (WM) in sentence comprehension is a matter of debate. Although it is commonly accepted that memory resources are necessary for sentence comprehension, there is no agreement regarding the nature of their role. The aim of this review is to investigate and synthesize assessment tools and correlation data between STM or WM and sentence comprehension in probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this aim, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and LLBA databases were searched. Two independent authors selected peer-reviewed articles published in English and focused on the relationship between STM or WM and sentence comprehension in probable AD. A total of 11 case-control studies were included at the end of the selection process. Most studies adopted offline tasks to evaluate sentence comprehension, while a small number of authors applied online experimental tasks. The digit span forward and backward were the most employed standardized tests to evaluate phonological STM and WM, respectively. The meta-analysis results supported the association between performance on STM and WM and comprehension tasks. However, moderate heterogeneity was found, mainly due to the small number of included studies, especially for STM, and the substantial variability of the adopted tasks. Therefore, in order to clarify the specific source of language comprehension deficits, new and sophisticated experiments should be conducted using adequate material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gilardone
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Via Dezza 48, 20144, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Longo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- CIMeC (Center for Mind/Brain Sciences), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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2
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Milot E, Rehel S, Langeard A, Bigot L, Pasquier F, Matveeff L, Gauthier A, Bessot N, Quarck G. Effectiveness of multi-modal home-based videoconference interventions on sleep in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326412. [PMID: 38686035 PMCID: PMC11057197 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by substantial changes in sleep architecture that negatively impact fitness, quality of life, mood, and cognitive functioning. Older adults often fail to reach the recommended level of physical activity to prevent the age-related decline in sleep function, partly because of geographical barriers. Implementing home-based interventions could surmount these obstacles, thereby encouraging older adults to stay active, with videoconference administration emerging as a promising solution. Increasing the availability of biological rhythms synchronizers, such as physical activity, light exposure, or vestibular stimulation, represents a viable non-pharmacological strategy for entraining circadian rhythms and potentially fortifying the sleep-wake cycle, thereby enhancing sleep in aging. This study aims to (1) assess the impact of remote physical exercise training and its combination with bright light exposure, and (2) investigate the specific contribution of galvanic vestibular stimulation, to sleep quality among healthy older adults with sleep complaints. One hundred healthy older adults aged 60-70 years with sleep complaints will be randomly allocated to one of four groups: a physical exercise training group (n = 25), a physical exercise training combined with bright light exposure group (n = 25), a galvanic vestibular stimulation group (n = 25) or a control group (i.e., health education) (n = 25). While physical exercise training and health education will be supervised via videoconference at home, bright light exposure (for the physical exercise training combined with bright light exposure group) and vestibular stimulation will be self-administered at home. Pre-and post-tests will be conducted to evaluate various parameters, including sleep (polysomnography, subjective questionnaires), circadian rhythms (actigraphy, temperature), fitness (physical: VO2 peak, muscular function; and motor: balance, and functional mobility), cognition (executive function, long-term memory), quality of life and mood (anxiety and depression). The findings will be anticipated to inform the development of recommendations and non-pharmaceutical preventive strategies for enhancing sleep quality in older adults, potentially leading to improvements in fitness, cognition, quality of life, and mood throughout aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Milot
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | | | - Florane Pasquier
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Laura Matveeff
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Bessot
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Quarck
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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Idowu MI, Szameitat AJ, Parton A. The assessment of executive function abilities in healthy and neurodegenerative aging-A selective literature review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1334309. [PMID: 38596597 PMCID: PMC11002121 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1334309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined executive function (EF) abilities in cognitively healthy older adults and those living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there are no standard accepted protocols for testing specific EFs; thus, researchers have used their preferred tool, which leads to variability in assessments of decline in a particular ability across studies. Therefore, there is a need for guidance as to the most sensitive tests for assessing EF decline. A search of the most current literature published between 2000 and 2022 on EF studies assessing cognitively healthy older adults and individuals living with MCI and AD was conducted using PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Emphasis was placed on the EF's dual-tasking, inhibition, shifting or switching, and working memory updating. Many tasks and their outcomes were reviewed. Of particular importance was the difference in outcomes for tasks applied to the same group of participants. These various EF assessment tools demonstrate differences in effectively identifying decline in EF ability due to the aging process and neurodegenerative conditions, such as MCI and AD. This review identifies various factors to consider in using particular EF tasks in particular populations, including task demand and stimuli factors, and also when comparing differing results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojitola I. Idowu
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience (CCN), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Parton
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience (CCN), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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García-Escobar G, Pérez-Enríquez C, Arrondo-Elizarán C, Pereira-Cuitiño B, Grau-Guinea L, Florido-Santiago M, Piqué-Candini J, Manero RM, Puig-Pijoan A, Peña-Casanova J, Sánchez-Benavides G. Spanish normative studies (NEURONORMA-Plus project): norms for the Delis Kaplan-Design Fluency Test, Color Trails Test, and Dual Task. Neurologia 2024; 39:160-169. [PMID: 37451342 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex attention and non-verbal fluency tasks are used in neuropsychological assessments with the aim of exploring subdomains of executive function. The purpose of this study is to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Delis Kaplan-Design Fluency Test (DK-DFT), Color Trails Test (CTT), and Dual Task (DT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project. METHODS The sample included 308 cognitively unimpaired individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Raw scores were converted to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education- and sex-adjusted scaled scores by applying linear regression, with 2 age groups (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). RESULTS Overall, age had a negative impact on DK-DFT and CTT performance. We observed a positive effect of education on DK-DFT scores only in the older group (≥ 50 years). Moreover, younger men performed slightly better in the basic condition of this test. Education was positively associated with all CTT scores in both age groups, with the exception of the CTT-1 subtest in the younger group. Age and education did not influence DT performance, whereas sex did, with young women performing slightly better. CONCLUSIONS These normative data may be useful in the interpretation of neuropsychological assessments in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G García-Escobar
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo y Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Pérez-Enríquez
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Epilepsia, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Arrondo-Elizarán
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - B Pereira-Cuitiño
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Grau-Guinea
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Florido-Santiago
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Salud Cerebral, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Málaga, Spain
| | - J Piqué-Candini
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Manero
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo y Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Puig-Pijoan
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo y Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Peña-Casanova
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Sánchez-Benavides
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain.
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Geissler CF, Schöpper LM, Engesser AF, Beste C, Münchau A, Frings C. Turning the Light Switch on Binding: Prefrontal Activity for Binding and Retrieval in Action Control. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:95-106. [PMID: 37847814 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
According to action control theories, responding to a stimulus leads to the binding of response and stimulus features into a common representation, that is, an event file. Repeating any component of an event file retrieves all previously bound information, leading to performance costs for partial repetitions measured in so-called binding effects. Although otherwise robust and stable, binding effects are typically completely absent in "localization tasks," in which participants localize targets with spatially compatible responses. Yet, it is possible to observe binding effects in such when location features have to be translated into response features. We hypothesized that this modulation of binding effects is reflected in task involvement of the dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC). Participants localized targets with either direct (i.e., spatially compatible key) or translated (i.e., diagonally opposite to the spatially compatible key) responses. We measured DLPFC activity with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. On the behavioral level, we observed binding effects in the translated response condition, but not in the direct response condition. Importantly, prefrontal activity was also higher in the translated mapping condition. In addition, we found some evidence for the strength of the difference in binding effects in behavioral data being correlated with the corresponding effects in prefrontal activity. This suggests that activity in the DLPFC reflects the amount of executive control needed for translating location features into responses. More generally, binding effects seem to emerge only when the task at hand involves DLPFC recruitment.
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Battista F, Lanciano T, Borrelli P, Curci A. The Cognitive Cost of Repetitive Thinking: A Study on the Effects of Shifting and Updating on Rumination of Emotional Experiences. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1569. [PMID: 38002529 PMCID: PMC10669856 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the consequence of resource competition between post-emotional processing and concurrent cognitive tasks. Previous studies have shown that such a resource competition engenders both short-term (e.g., defeats in the execution of the working memory task) and long-term effects (e.g., procrastination or rumination following an emotional experience). We expected these effects to vary as a function of the different WM components involved (shifting, Study 1; updating, Study 2). In two studies, participants (Study 1: N = 48; Study 2: N = 42) were administered one out of two variants of a visuospatial task (Study 1: shifting; Study 2: updating) adopted by Curci and colleagues before and after a negative or neutral manipulation. Rumination was assessed immediately after the second WM task performance and 24 h later. In Study 1, results showed that the exposure to negative content impaired the subsequent executive performance compared with exposure to neutral material, while no difference was found in Study 2. Rumination for emotional material was higher and more persistent over time as a function of shifting resources but not for updating ones. These findings provide information on the possible role of individuals' cognitive resources on rumination for emotional experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Battista
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (T.L.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
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Tasseel-Ponche S, Roussel M, Toba MN, Sader T, Barbier V, Delafontaine A, Meynier J, Picard C, Constans JM, Schnitzler A, Godefroy O, Yelnik AP. Dual-task versus single-task gait rehabilitation after stroke: the protocol of the cognitive-motor synergy multicenter, randomized, controlled superiority trial (SYNCOMOT). Trials 2023; 24:172. [PMID: 36890548 PMCID: PMC9994785 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait disorders and cognitive impairments are prime causes of disability and institutionalization after stroke. We hypothesized that relative to single-task gait rehabilitation (ST GR), cognitive-motor dual-task (DT) GR initiated at the subacute stage would be associated with greater improvements in ST and DT gait, balance, and cognitive performance, personal autonomy, disability, and quality of life in the short, medium and long terms after stroke. METHODS This multicenter (n=12), two-arm, parallel-group, randomized (1:1), controlled clinical study is a superiority trial. With p<0.05, a power of 80%, and an expected loss to follow-up rate of 10%, the inclusion of 300 patients will be required to evidence a 0.1-m.s-1 gain in gait speed. Trial will include adult patients (18-90 years) in the subacute phase (0 to 6 months after a hemispheric stroke) and who are able to walk for 10 m (with or without a technical aid). Registered physiotherapists will deliver a standardized GR program (30 min three times a week, for 4 weeks). The GR program will comprise various DTs (phasic, executive function, praxis, memory, and spatial cognition tasks during gait) in the DT (experimental) group and gait exercises only in the ST (control) group. The primary outcome measure is gait speed 6 months after inclusion. The secondary outcomes are post-stroke impairments (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the motor part of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the lower extremity), gait speed (10-m walking test), mobility and dynamic balance (timed up-and-go test), ST and DT cognitive function (the French adaptation of the harmonization standards neuropsychological battery, and eight cognitive-motor DTs), personal autonomy (functional independence measure), restrictions in participation (structured interview and the modified Rankin score), and health-related quality of life (on a visual analog scale). These variables will be assessed immediately after the end of the protocol (probing the short-term effect), 1 month thereafter (the medium-term effect), and 5 months thereafter (the long-term effect). DISCUSSION The main study limitation is the open design. The trial will focus on a new GR program applicable at various stages after stroke and during neurological disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03009773 . Registered on January 4, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tasseel-Ponche
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France. .,Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, UR UPJV 4559, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - Martine Roussel
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, UR UPJV 4559, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Department of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Monica N Toba
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, UR UPJV 4559, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Thibaud Sader
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Vincent Barbier
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Arnaud Delafontaine
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Jonathan Meynier
- Clinical Research and Innovation Directorate, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Carl Picard
- Clinical Research and Innovation Directorate, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | | | - Alexis Schnitzler
- PRM Department, Hôpital Lariboisière-F.Widal AP-HP, Paris, France.,INSERM U1153 - CRESS EpiAgeing, Paris University, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, UR UPJV 4559, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Department of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Alain Pierre Yelnik
- PRM Department, Hôpital Lariboisière-F.Widal AP-HP, Paris, France.,UMR 9010, Paris University, Centre Borelli, Paris, France
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Hoglund BK, Carfagno V, Olive MF, Leyrer-Jackson JM. Metabotropic glutamate receptors and cognition: From underlying plasticity and neuroprotection to cognitive disorders and therapeutic targets. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:367-413. [PMID: 36868635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that play pivotal roles in mediating the activity of neurons and other cell types within the brain, communication between cell types, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression. As such, these receptors play an important role in a number of cognitive processes. In this chapter, we discuss the role of mGlu receptors in various forms of cognition and their underlying physiology, with an emphasis on cognitive dysfunction. Specifically, we highlight evidence that links mGlu physiology to cognitive dysfunction across brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Fragile X syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. We also provide recent evidence demonstrating that mGlu receptors may elicit neuroprotective effects in particular disease states. Lastly, we discuss how mGlu receptors can be targeted utilizing positive and negative allosteric modulators as well as subtype specific agonists and antagonist to restore cognitive function across these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Hoglund
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Vincent Carfagno
- School of Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jonna M Leyrer-Jackson
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
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Fokas EE, Parnandi AR, Venkatesan A, Pandit NG, Wirtanen AA, Nilsen DM, Schambra HM. Dual-Tasking in Daily Activities Among Adults With and Without Stroke. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:24023. [PMID: 36724789 PMCID: PMC9969986 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In laboratory settings, dual-tasking is a performance strategy affected by dominance and stroke. However, the volitional use of dual-tasking has not been examined during naturalistic performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). OBJECTIVE To examine dual-tasking in the context of ADLs and identify whether dominance and stroke influence its use. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Forty-three participants with chronic stroke and upper extremity (UE) motor impairment and 19 control participants without stroke. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We identified dual-tasking as the performance of dual-object primitives (DOPs), a functional strategy to manage two objects simultaneously. We videotaped participants performing feeding and toothbrushing tasks and identified the initiation and frequency of DOPs. We assessed whether these outcomes were influenced by UE dominance or paresis and whether among participants with stroke these outcomes were influenced by motor impairment (using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment) or cognitive impairment (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment). RESULTS DOP initiation was reduced on the nondominant side of control UEs and in the paretic UE of participants with stroke. After DOPs were initiated, however, their frequency was not significantly related to dominance or paresis. Among participants with stroke, DOP initiation but not DOP frequency was influenced by motor impairment, and neither were influenced by cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The initiation of dual-tasking is curtailed in the nondominant and paretic UEs, extending previous laboratory-based findings to a more naturalistic setting. These results may reflect a demand on neural resources that is exceeded when these limbs are used. What This Article Adds: DOPs, a functional strategy to simultaneously engage two objects during ADLs, could serve as a behavioral marker of dual-tasking in real-world activities, supporting their investigation more broadly. Practicing DOPs in rehabilitation could also train the integration of dual-tasking strategies in activity execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Fokas
- Emily E. Fokas, BA, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY;
| | - Avinash R. Parnandi
- Avinash R. Parnandi, PhD, is Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Anita Venkatesan
- Anita Venkatesan, MD, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Natasha G. Pandit
- Natasha G. Pandit, BA, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Audre A. Wirtanen
- Audre A. Wirtanen, BA, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Dawn M. Nilsen
- Dawn M. Nilsen, EdD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Heidi M. Schambra
- Heidi M. Schambra, MD, is Associate Professor, Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York;
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Panah MT, Taremian F, Dolatshahi B, Seddigh SH, Raeisian FS, Panah E. A comparison of Barkley's behavioral inhibition model (1997) with Barkley's updated executive functioning model in predicting adult ADHD symptoms: A preliminary report using structural equation modeling. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36576870 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most comprehensive approaches to explaining attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms is Barkley's behavioral inhibition model (BBIM) (1997), in which behavioral inhibition (BI) plays a primary role. Due to the substantial role of working memory (WM) in explaining ADHD symptoms, Barkley recently updated his model and elevated WM from a mediator variable (in BBIM) to a primary position as an exogenous variable alongside BI, and titled his new model as Barkley's updated executive functioning model (BUEFM). However, since the information about the explanatory power of the new model is sparse, this study aims to investigate the impact of this change in WM role by comparing these two models to explain ADHD symptoms. The study involved a sample of 184 (96 females and 88 males) undergraduate students with high ADHD symptoms who were selected using the purposive sampling method. For assessing models, we have utilized four tools that include: CNS-Vital Sign Test Battery; Barkley Deficit in Executive Functioning Scale; self-verbalization questionnaire (SVQ); and trail making test. We analyzed the data by running structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using IBM AMOS software version 22. The results show that Model Comparison Measurement (e.g. AIC was 197.583 and 144.614 for BBIM and BUEFM, respectively) and Model Fit Indices (e.g. root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) obtained 0.076 and 0.067 for BBIM and BUEFM, respectively) representing that BUEFM had a better value than BBIM, which means that the BUEFM was considered better fitting to the data. The findings of this study show that BUEFM has more Predictive power than BBIM to predict symptoms of ADHD through the motor control fluency (MOT) variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taher Panah
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Taremian
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamzeh Seddigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Raeisian
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Panah
- Modern Language Department, University College of Yayasan Pahang, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
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Screen Media Exposure in Early Childhood and Its Relation to Children’s Self-Regulation. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4490166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation, the ability to control thoughts, emotions, and behavior for goal-directed activities, shows rapid development in infancy, toddlerhood, and preschool periods. Early self-regulatory skills predict later academic achievement and socioemotional adjustment. An increasing number of studies suggest that screen media use may have negative effects on children’s developing self-regulatory skills. In this systematic review, we summarized and integrated the findings of the studies investigating the relationship between young children’s screen media use and their self-regulation. We searched the ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases and identified 39 relevant articles with 45 studies. We found that screen time in infancy is negatively associated with self-regulation, but findings were more inconsistent for later ages suggesting that screen time does not adequately capture the extent of children’s screen media use. The findings further indicated that background TV is negatively related to children’s self-regulation, and watching fantastical content seems to have immediate negative effects on children’s self-regulatory skills. We suggest that future studies should take the content and context of children’s screen media use into account and also focus on parent- and home-related factors such as parental behaviors that foster the development of self-regulatory skills.
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On the Effect of Bilateral Eye Movements on Memory Retrieval in Ageing and Dementia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101299. [PMID: 36291233 PMCID: PMC9599909 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that performing bilateral eye movements for a short period can lead to an enhancement of memory retrieval and recall (termed the “saccade induced retrieval effect (SIRE)”). The source of this effect has been debated within the literature and the phenomenon has come under scrutiny as the robustness of the effect has recently been questioned. To date investigations of SIRE have largely been restricted to younger adult populations. Here, across two experiments, we assess the robustness and generalisability of the SIRE specifically in relation to disease and ageing. Experiment 1 employed a between subject’s design and presented younger and older participants with 36 words prior to completing one of three eye movement conditions (bilateral, antisaccade or a fixation eye movement). Participants then performed a word recognition task. Experiment 2 assessed the SIRE in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, Mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson’s by employing an online within subject’s design. Results showed no significant difference between groups in the number of words recognised based on eye movement condition. Neither experiment 1 or 2 replicated the SIRE effect therefore the findings from this study add to the growing number of studies that have failed to replicate the SIRE effect.
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Daigle KM, Pietrzykowski MO, Waters AB, Swenson LP, Gansler DA. Central Executive Network and Executive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Individuals: Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional MRI. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 34:204-213. [PMID: 35272491 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neural architecture of executive function is of interest given its utility as a transdiagnostic predictor of adaptive functioning. However, a gap exists in the meta-analytic literature assessing this relationship in neuropsychiatric populations, concordance between structural and functional architecture, and the relationship with neuropsychological assessment of executive function. Given the importance of the central executive network (CEN) in Alzheimer's disease, this population may be useful in understanding this relationship in Alzheimer's disease pathology. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies (k=21) was conducted to elucidate the relationship between executive function and CEN for structural architecture (k=10; N=1,027) among patients with Alzheimer's disease (k=6; N=250) and healthy control subjects (HCs) (k=4; N=777) and for functional architecture (k=11; N=522) among patients with Alzheimer's disease (k=6; N=306) and HCs (k=5; N=216). Random-effects modeling was used to increase accuracy of conclusions about population means. RESULTS Analyses revealed a positive brain-behavior relationship (pr=0.032, 95% CI=0.07, 0.54), although there was a lack of statistically significant heterogeneity between functional and structural neuroimaging (Q=9.89, p=0.971, I2=0.00%) and between the Alzheimer's and HC groups in functional (Q=8.18, p=0.612, I2=0.00%) and structural (Q=1.60, p=0.996, I2=0.00%) neuroimaging. Similarly, a lack of statistically significant heterogeneity was revealed between functional and structural neuroimaging among patients with Alzheimer's disease (Q=3.59, p=0.980, I2=0.00%) and HCs (Q=3.67, p=0.885, I2=0.00%). CONCLUSIONS Structural and functional imaging in the CEN are predictive of executive function performance among patients with Alzheimer's disease and HCs. Regardless of how the CEN is affected, behavior is correlated to the degree to which the CEN is affected. Findings are significant in the context of methodological decisions in multimodal neuroimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Daigle
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - Malvina O Pietrzykowski
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - Abigail B Waters
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - Lance P Swenson
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
| | - David A Gansler
- Clinical Neuroscience of Cognitive Control Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Daigle, Pietrzykowski, Waters, Gansler); and Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston (Swenson)
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15
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Li Y, Fu W, Zhang Q, Chen X, Li X, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Dong Q, Jaeggi SM, Chen C, Li J. Effects of forward and backward span trainings on working memory: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14154. [PMID: 35894226 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Both forward and backward working memory span tasks have been used in cognitive training, but no study has been conducted to test whether the two types of trainings are equally effective. Based on data from a randomized controlled trial, this study (N = 60 healthy college students) tested the effects of backward span training, forward span training, and no intervention. Event-related potential (ERP) signals were recorded at the pre-, mid-, and post-tests while the subjects were performing a distractor version of the change detection task, which included three conditions (2 targets and 0 distractor [2T0D]; 4 targets and 0 distractor [4T0D]; and 2 targets and 2 distractors [2T2D]). Behavioral data were collected from two additional tasks: a multi-object version of the change detection task, and a suppress task. Compared to no intervention, both forward and backward span trainings led to significantly greater improvement in working memory maintenance, based on indices from both behavioral (Kmax) and ERP data (CDA_2T0D and CDA_4T0D). Backward span training also improved interference control based on the ERP data (CDA_filtering efficiency) to a greater extent than did forward span training and no intervention, but the three groups did not differ in terms of behavioral indices of interference control. These results have potential implications for optimizing the current cognitive training on working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, P.R. China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, P.R. China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Susanne M Jaeggi
- School of Education & Department for Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Zhang K, Feng M, Duan T, Chen Y, Wei X, Luo Y, Ni G. Basketball training frequency is associated with executive functions in boys aged 6 to 8 years. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917385. [PMID: 35937678 PMCID: PMC9353049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the frequency of basketball training and executive functions (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in boys aged 6 to 8. A total of 40 boys recruited from a local after-school basketball training club were divided into a low-frequency group (once a week) and a high-frequency group (at least twice a week). An additional 20 age-matched boys recruited from a local elementary school were considered as the control group (no training experience). All subjects conducted the Stop-signal task, the N-back task, and the switching task at rest. The mean reaction time and accuracy data obtained from each task were used in statistical analysis. There was no significant group difference in either the accuracy or reaction time of inhibitory control. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the reaction time of working memory across groups. However, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher accuracy (93.00 ± 4.31%) with regard to working memory than the low-frequency group (85.4 ± 6.04%, P < 0.001) and the control group (83.73 ± 7.70%, P < 0.001), respectively. A positive correlation was also found between the accuracy of working memory and groups. Furthermore, in comparison with the control group, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility accuracy (91.93 ± 7.40% vs. 85.70 ± 9.75%, P = 0.004) and shorter reaction time (934.24 ± 213.02 ms vs. 1,122.06 ± 299.14 ms, P < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between the accuracy of cognitive flexibility and groups. These findings suggest that regular basketball training, especially with higher frequency, is beneficial to working memory and cognitive flexibilityin boys aged 6 to 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxia Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Duan
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexiang Wei
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Luo Guoxin Ni
| | - Guoxin Ni
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Luo Guoxin Ni
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Mack M, Stojan R, Bock O, Voelcker-Rehage C. Cognitive-motor multitasking in older adults: a randomized controlled study on the effects of individual differences on training success. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:581. [PMID: 35840893 PMCID: PMC9284902 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multitasking is an essential part of our everyday life, but performance declines typically in older age. Many studies have investigated the beneficial effects of cognitive, motor and combined cognitive-motor training on multitasking performance in older adults. Previous work, however, has not regarded interindividual differences in cognitive functioning and motor fitness that may affect training benefits. The current study aims to identify whether different training programs may have differential effects on multitasking performance depending on the initial level of cognitive functioning and motor fitness. Methods We conduct a 12-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of N = 150 healthy older adults are assigned to either a single cognitive, a single motor, or a simultaneous cognitive-motor training. Participants are trained twice per week for 45 min. A comprehensive test battery assesses cognitive functions, motor and cardiovascular fitness, and realistic multitasking during walking and driving in two virtual environments. We evaluate how multitasking performance is related not only to the training program, but also to participants’ initial levels of cognitive functioning and motor fitness. Discussion We expect that multitasking performance in participants with lower initial competence in either one or both domains (cognitive functioning, motor fitness) benefits more from single-task training (cognitive training and/or motor training). In contrast, multitasking performance in participants with higher competence in both domains should benefit more from multitask training (simultaneous cognitive-motor training). The results may help to identify whether tailored training is favorable over standardized one-size-fits all training approaches to improve multitasking in older adults. In addition, our findings will advance the understanding of factors that influence training effects on multitasking. Trial registration DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register), DRKS00022407. Registered 26/08/2020 - Retrospectively registered at https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mack
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Robert Stojan
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thueringer Weg 11, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Otmar Bock
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thueringer Weg 11, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50927, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thueringer Weg 11, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.
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18
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Zhang L, Li YN, Peng TQ, Wu Y. Dynamics of the social construction of knowledge: an empirical study of Zhihu in China. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2022; 11:35. [PMID: 35694703 PMCID: PMC9166185 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined how the knowledge market promotes knowledge construction on question-and-answer (Q&A) websites. Data were collected from Zhihu, one of the largest Q&A sites in China. Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to estimate the dynamics of information accumulation, that is, the provision of informative content as factual construction. By employing information accumulation as the objective measure of knowledge construction, we determined that online knowledge construction was facilitated by a competitive marketplace of ideas. In addition, participation, temporal, and discourse features affected the dynamics of information accumulation. In specific, active users contributed significantly less to information accumulation than did ordinary users. Information accumulation shows a naturally decaying process represented as a function of answer order. The time interval between answers at the two preceding time points reduced the informativeness of answers at the subsequent time point. Answers with a higher readability score reduced the informativeness of subsequent answers. The results indicate that knowledge construction on Q&A sites unfolds as a process of mass collaboration among users. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00346-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- School of Arts and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yong-Ning Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Tai-Quan Peng
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States
| | - Ye Wu
- Computational Communication Research Center, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087 China
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Ouerchefani R, Ouerchefani N, Ben Rejeb MR, Le Gall D. Neurocognitive and neural mechanisms underlying deficit on the Reading Mind In The Eyes Task: Evidence from patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:1-18. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2057928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ouerchefani
- Department of Psychology, University of Tunis El Manar, High Institute of Human sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Foch Hospital, France
| | - Naoufel Ouerchefani
- Department of Psychology, University Tunis I; Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Didier Le Gall
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France
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Ouerchefani R, Ouerchefani N, Ben Rejeb MR, Le Gall D. Exploring behavioural and cognitive dysexecutive syndrome in patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-21. [PMID: 35244518 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2036152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study's objectives were to characterize the frequency and profile of behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive syndromes in patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage and how these syndromes overlap. We also examined the contribution of the prefrontal brain regions to these syndromes. Therefore, thirty patients with prefrontal cortex damage and thirty control subjects were compared on their performances using the GREFEX battery assessing the dysexecutive syndromes. The results showed that combined behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive syndrome was observed in 53.33%, while pure cognitive dysexecutive syndrome was observed in 20% and behavioral in 26.67%. Also, almost all behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive disorders discriminated frontal patients from controls. Moreover, correlations and regression analyses between task scores in both domains of dysexecutive syndromes showed that the spectrum of behavioral disorders was differentially associated with cognitive impairment of initiation, inhibition, generation, deduction, coordination, flexibility and the planning process. Furthermore, the patterns of cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive syndrome were both predictors of impairment in daily living activities and loss of autonomy. Finally, frontal regions contributing to different dysexecutive syndromes assessed by MRI voxel lesion symptom analysis indicate several overlapping regions centered on the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for both domains of dysexecutive syndrome. This study concludes that damage to the frontal structures may lead to a diverse set of changes in both cognitive and behavioral domains which both contribute to loss of autonomy. The association of the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal regions to both domains of dysexecutive syndrome suggests a higher integrative role of these regions in processing cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ouerchefani
- High Institute of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France
| | | | - Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunisia, Department of Psychology, University of Tunis I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Didier Le Gall
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France
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21
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Wang L, Cao C, Zhou X, Qi C. Spatial abilities associated with open math problem solving. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Chen Cao
- Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Education, Beijing Institute of Education Beijing China
- Institute of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Xinlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Chunxia Qi
- Institute of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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22
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Gaillardin F, Bier JC, De Breucker S, Baudry S. Unraveling the Cognitive-Motor Interaction in Individuals With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Neurol Phys Ther 2022; 46:18-25. [PMID: 34789652 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether increasing the contribution of executive functions worsens dual-task performance in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS Fourteen individuals with aMCI (mean [SD]: 74 [4] years) and 19 control adults (71 [5] years) recalled a list of letters in the order of presentation (SPAN-O) or in alphabetic order (SPAN-A) while ascending or descending a 3-step staircase. Dual-task cost (DTC) represented the average decrement of motor and cognitive performances during dual tasks, with greater DTC indicating worse performance. RESULTS SPAN-A (P < 0.001) and stair descent (P = 0.023) increased the DTC in both groups compared with SPAN-O and stair ascent. Furthermore, individuals with aMCI had a greater DTC (93.4 [41.2]%) than the control group (48.3 [27.9]%) for SPAN-A (P < 0.001). Dual-task cost was also greater in descent (76.6 [42.1]%) than ascent (64.0 [34.5]%) in individuals with aMCI (P = 0.024) but not in the control group (P = 0.99). Significant negative partial correlations (β < -0.39; P < 0.05) were found between Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and DTC, while controlling for age and physical function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A greater DTC in individuals with aMCI when the cognitive task requires working memory (SPAN-A) or during complex locomotor task (descent) suggests that aMCI impedes the capacity to perform 2 tasks simultaneously when higher-order cognitive processes are challenged. Furthermore, a greater DTC in our dual-task situations appears to reflect cognitive decline, as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. Overall, this study indicates that increasing the contribution of executive functions worsens the cognitive-motor interaction in individuals with aMCI.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A375).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gaillardin
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty for Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium (F.G., S.B.); and Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuropsychology (F.G.), Neurology (J.-C.B.), and Geriatrics (S.D.B.), Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Setti W, Cuturi LF, Sandini G, Gori M. Changes in audio-spatial working memory abilities during childhood: The role of spatial and phonological development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260700. [PMID: 34905544 PMCID: PMC8670674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is a cognitive system devoted to storage and retrieval processing of information. Numerous studies on the development of working memory have investigated the processing of visuo-spatial and verbal non-spatialized information; however, little is known regarding the refinement of acoustic spatial and memory abilities across development. Here, we hypothesize that audio-spatial memory skills improve over development, due to strengthening spatial and cognitive skills such as semantic elaboration. We asked children aged 6 to 11 years old (n = 55) to pair spatialized animal calls with the corresponding animal spoken name. Spatialized sounds were emitted from an audio-haptic device, haptically explored by children with the dominant hand's index finger. Children younger than 8 anchored their exploration strategy on previously discovered sounds instead of holding this information in working memory and performed worse than older peers when asked to pair the spoken word with the corresponding animal call. In line with our hypothesis, these findings demonstrate that age-related improvements in spatial exploration and verbal coding memorization strategies affect how children learn and memorize items belonging to a complex acoustic spatial layout. Similar to vision, audio-spatial memory abilities strongly depend on cognitive development in early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Setti
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Science (RBCS) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luigi F. Cuturi
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulio Sandini
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Science (RBCS) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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Stevens D, D'Rozario A, Openshaw H, Bartlett D, Rae CD, Catcheside P, Wong K, McEvoy RD, Grunstein RR, Vakulin A. Clinical predictors of working memory performance in obstructive sleep apnoea patients before and during extended wakefulness. Sleep 2021; 45:6460438. [PMID: 34897504 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Extended wakefulness (EW) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) impair working memory (WM), but their combined effects are unclear. This study examined the impact of EW on WM function in OSA patients and identified clinical predictors of WM impairment. METHODS Following polysomnography (PSG), 56 OSA patients (Mean ± SD, age 49.5 ± 8.9, AHI 38.1 ± 25.0) completed WM 2-back performance tasks 10 times over 24 hours of wakefulness to assess average accuracy and completion times measured after 6-12 hours awake (baseline) compared to 18-24 hours awake (EW). Hierarchical cluster analysis classified participants with poorer versus better WM performance at baseline and during EW. Clinical predictors of performance were examined via regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses. RESULTS WM performance decreased following EW and showed consistent correlations with age, ESS, total sleep time and hypoxemia (O2 nadir and mean O2 desaturation) at baseline and with EW (all p<0.01). O2 nadir and age were significant independent predictors of performance at baseline (adjusted R 2=0.30, p<0.01), while O2 nadir and ESS were predictors of WM following EW (adjusted R 2=0.38, p<0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of models to predict poorer vs better performing participants at baseline (83% and 69%) and during EW (84% and 74%). CONCLUSIONS O2 nadir, age and sleepiness show prognostic value for predicting WM impairment in both rested and sleep deprived OSA patients and may guide clinicians in identifying patients most at risk of impaired WM under both rested and heightened sleep pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stevens
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Sleep Health / Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Angela D'Rozario
- CIRUS and NeuroSleep, Centres of Research Excellence, Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Brain and Mind Centre and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hannah Openshaw
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Sleep Health / Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Delwyn Bartlett
- CIRUS and NeuroSleep, Centres of Research Excellence, Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Catcheside
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Sleep Health / Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keith Wong
- CIRUS and NeuroSleep, Centres of Research Excellence, Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Doug McEvoy
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Sleep Health / Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS and NeuroSleep, Centres of Research Excellence, Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Vakulin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Sleep Health / Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,CIRUS and NeuroSleep, Centres of Research Excellence, Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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25
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García-Escobar G, Pérez-Enríquez C, Arrondo-Elizarán C, Pereira-Cuitiño B, Grau-Guinea L, Florido-Santiago M, Piqué-Candini J, Manero RM, Puig-Pijoan A, Peña-Casanova J, Sánchez-Benavides G. Spanish normative studies (NEURONORMA-Plus project): norms for the Delis Kaplan-Design Fluency Test, Color Trails Test, and Dual Task. Neurologia 2021:S0213-4853(21)00113-4. [PMID: 34535347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex attention and non-verbal fluency tasks are used in neuropsychological assessments with the aim of exploring subdomains of executive function. The purpose of this study is to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Delis Kaplan-Design Fluency Test (DK-DFT), Color Trails Test (CTT), and Dual Task (DT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project. METHODS The sample included 308 cognitively healthy individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Raw scores were converted to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education- and sex-adjusted scaled scores by applying linear regression, with 2 age groups (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). RESULTS Overall, age had a negative impact on DK-DFT and CTT performance. We observed a positive effect of education on DK-DFT scores only in the older group (≥ 50 years). Moreover, younger men performed slightly better in the basic condition of this test. Education was positively associated with all CTT scores in both age groups, with the exception of the CTT-1 subtest in the younger group. Age and education did not influence DT performance, whereas sex did, with young women performing slightly better. CONCLUSIONS These normative data may be useful in the interpretation of neuropsychological assessments in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G García-Escobar
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo y Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - C Pérez-Enríquez
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Epilepsia, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - C Arrondo-Elizarán
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Servicio de Neurología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - B Pereira-Cuitiño
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España
| | - L Grau-Guinea
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España
| | - M Florido-Santiago
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Salud Cerebral, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Málaga, España
| | - J Piqué-Candini
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España
| | - R M Manero
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo y Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - A Puig-Pijoan
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Unidad de Deterioro Cognitivo y Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - J Peña-Casanova
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España.
| | - G Sánchez-Benavides
- Grupo de Neurofuncionalidad y Lenguaje, Programa de Neurociencias, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España; Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, España.
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26
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Plaska CR, Ng K, Ellmore TM. Does rehearsal matter? Left anterior temporal alpha and theta band changes correlate with the beneficial effects of rehearsal on working memory. Neuropsychologia 2021; 155:107825. [PMID: 33713670 PMCID: PMC8102380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rehearsal during working memory (WM) maintenance is assumed to facilitate retrieval. Less is known about how rehearsal modulates WM delay activity. In the present study, 44 participants completed a Sternberg Task with either intact novel scenes or phase-scrambled scenes, which had similar color and spatial frequency but lacked semantic content. During the rehearsal condition participants generated a descriptive label during encoding and covertly rehearsed during the delay period. During the suppression condition participants did not generate a label during encoding and suppressed (repeated "the") during the delay period. This was easy in the former (novel scenes) but more difficult in the later condition (phase-scrambled scenes) where scenes lacked semantic content. Behavioral performance and EEG delay activity was analyzed as a function of maintenance strategy. Performance during WM revealed a benefit of rehearsal for phase-scrambled but not intact scenes. Examination of the absolute amplitude revealed three underlying sources of activity for rehearsal, including the left anterior temporal (ATL) and left and midline parietal regions. Increases in alpha and theta activity in ATL were correlated with improvement in performance on WM with rehearsal only when labeling was not automatic (e.g., phase-scrambled scenes), which may reflect differences in labeling and rehearsal (i.e., semantic associations vs. shallow labels). We conclude that rehearsal only benefits memory for visual stimuli that lack semantic information, and that this is correlated with changes in alpha and theta rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- The Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center, USA; Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, USA
| | - Timothy M Ellmore
- The Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center, USA; Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, USA.
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27
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Haque ZZ, Samandra R, Mansouri FA. Neural substrate and underlying mechanisms of working memory: insights from brain stimulation studies. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2038-2053. [PMID: 33881914 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00041.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of working memory refers to a collection of cognitive abilities and processes involved in the short-term storage of task-relevant information to guide the ongoing and upcoming behavior and therefore describes an important aspect of executive control of behavior for achieving goals. Deficits in working memory and related cognitive abilities have been observed in patients with brain damage or neuropsychological disorders and therefore it is important to better understand neural substrate and underlying mechanisms of working memory. Working memory relies on neural mechanisms that enable encoding, maintenance, and manipulation of stored information as well as integrating them with ongoing and future goals. Recently, a surge in brain stimulation studies have led to development of various noninvasive techniques for localized stimulation of prefrontal and other cortical regions in humans. These brain stimulation techniques can potentially be tailored to influence neural activities in particular brain regions and modulate cognitive functions and behavior. Combined use of brain stimulation with neuroimaging and electrophysiological recording have provided a great opportunity to monitor neural activity in various brain regions and noninvasively intervene and modulate cognitive functions in cognitive tasks. These studies have shed more light on the neural substrate and underlying mechanisms of working memory in humans. Here, we review findings and insight from these brain stimulation studies about the contribution of brain regions, and particularly prefrontal cortex, to working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Z Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Jaroslawska AJ, Rhodes S, Belletier C, Doherty JM, Cowan N, Neveh-Benjamin M, Barrouillet P, Camos V, Logie RH. What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 74:682-704. [PMID: 33073696 PMCID: PMC8044618 DOI: 10.1177/1747021820970744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although there is evidence that the effect of including a concurrent processing demand on the storage of information in working memory is disproportionately larger for older than younger adults, not all studies show this age-related impairment, and the critical factors responsible for any such impairment remain elusive. Here we assess whether domain overlap between storage and processing activities, and access to semantic representations, are important determinants of performance in a sample of younger and older adults (N = 119). We developed four versions of a processing task by manipulating the type of stimuli involved (either verbal or non-verbal) and the decision that participants had to make about the stimuli presented on the screen. Participants either had to perform a spatial judgement, in deciding whether the verbal or non-verbal item was presented above or below the centre of the screen, or a semantic judgement, in deciding whether the stimulus refers to something living or not living. The memory task was serial-ordered recall of visually presented letters. The study revealed a large increase in age-related memory differences when concurrent processing was required. These differences were smaller when storage and processing activities both used verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also disproportionate for older adults. Age differences in processing performance appeared larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions rather than semantic decisions. We discuss these findings in relation to three competing frameworks of working memory and the extant literature on cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Jaroslawska
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen Rhodes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clément Belletier
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jason M Doherty
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nelson Cowan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Pierre Barrouillet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Camos
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Robert H Logie
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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29
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Hill LJB, Shire KA, Allen RJ, Crossley K, Wood ML, Mason D, Waterman AH. Large-scale assessment of 7-11-year-olds’ cognitive and sensorimotor function within the Born in Bradford longitudinal birth cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16429.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive ability and sensorimotor function are crucial aspects of children’s development, and are associated with physical and mental health outcomes and educational attainment. The current project forms part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal birth-cohort study, and involved measuring sensorimotor and cognitive function in over 15,000 children aged 7-10 years. This paper describes the large-scale data collection process and presents initial analyses of the data, including the relationship between cognition/sensorimotor ability and age and task difficulty, and associations between tasks. Method: Data collection was completed in 86 schools between May 2016 and July 2019. Children were tested at school, individually, using a tablet computer with a digital stylus or finger touch for input. Assessments comprised a battery of three sensorimotor tasks (Tracking, Aiming, & Steering) and five cognitive tasks (three Working Memory tasks, Inhibition, and Processing Speed), which took approximately 40 minutes. Results: Performance improved with increasing age and decreasing task difficulty, for each task. Performance on all three sensorimotor tasks was correlated, as was performance on the three working memory tasks. In addition, performance on a composite working memory score correlated with performance on both inhibition and processing speed. Interestingly, within age-group variation was much larger than between age-group variation. Conclusions: The current project collected computerised measures of a range of cognitive and sensorimotor functions at 7-10 years of age in over 15,000 children. Performance varied as expected by age and task difficulty, and showed the predicted correlations between related tasks. Large within-age group variation highlights the need to consider the profile of individual children in studying cognitive and sensorimotor development. These data can be linked to the wider BiB dataset including measures of physical and mental health, biomarkers and genome-wide data, socio-demographic information, and routine data from local health and education services.
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30
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Zhao Z, Cai H, Zheng W, Liu T, Sun D, Han G, Zhang Y, Wu D. Atrophic Pattern of Hippocampal Subfields in Post-Stroke Demented Patient. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1299-1309. [PMID: 33646148 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that hippocampal atrophy is a hallmark of dementia and can be used to predict the outcome of post-stroke demented (PSD) patients. The hippocampus consists of several subfields but their involvement in the pathophysiology of the PSD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate volumetric alterations of hippocampal subfields in patients with PSD. METHODS High-resolution T1-weighted images were collected from 27 PSD and 28 post-stroke nondemented (PSND) patients who recovered from ischemic stroke, and 17 age-matched normal control (NC). We estimated the volumes of the hippocampal subfields using FreeSurfer 6.0 which segmented the hippocampus into 12 subfields in each hemisphere. The volumetric differences between the groups were evaluated by the two-sample tests after regressing out the age, sex, education, and total intracranial volume. RESULTS Compared with NC group, PSD group showed smaller volumes in the entire hippocampus and its subfields, and such differences were not found in PSND group. Moreover, we found the dementia-specific atrophy in the left granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (GC-DG) and CA4 in the PSD patients compared with NC and PSND. Regression analysis showed positive correlations between the changes of cognitive performance and the asymmetry index in the CA3/4 and GC-DG of the PSD group. Furthermore, we found that the volumes of hippocampal subfields provided a better classification performance than the entire hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the hippocampus is reduced in the PSD patients and it presents a selective subfield involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaying Cai
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guocan Han
- Department of Radiology, Neuroscience Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Ouerchefani R, Ouerchefani N, Kammoun B, Ben Rejeb MR, Le Gall D. A Voxel-based lesion study on facial emotion recognition after circumscribed prefrontal cortex damage. J Neuropsychol 2021; 15:533-563. [PMID: 33595204 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding the contribution of the different prefrontal regions in emotion recognition. Moreover, the hemispheric lateralization hypothesis posits that the right hemisphere is dominant for processing all emotions regardless of affective valence, whereas the valence specificity hypothesis posits that the left hemisphere is specialized for processing positive emotions while the right hemisphere is specialized for negative emotions. However, recent findings suggest that the evidence for such lateralization has been less consistent. In this study, we investigated emotion recognition of fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, disgust, and anger in 30 patients with focal prefrontal cortex lesions and 30 control subjects. We also examined the impact of lesion laterality on recognition of the six basic emotions. The results showed that compared to control subjects, the frontal subgroups were impaired in recognition of three negative basic emotions of fear, sadness, and anger - regardless of the lesion laterality. Therefore, our findings did not establish that each hemisphere is specialized for processing specific emotions. Moreover, the voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis showed that recognition of fear, sadness, and anger draws on a partially common bilaterally distributed prefrontal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ouerchefani
- High Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Psychology of Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), University of Angers, France
| | | | - Brahim Kammoun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Didier Le Gall
- Laboratory of Psychology of Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), University of Angers, France
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32
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Zink N, Lenartowicz A, Markett S. A new era for executive function research: On the transition from centralized to distributed executive functioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:235-244. [PMID: 33582233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
"Executive functions" (EFs) is an umbrella term for higher cognitive control functions such as working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. One of the most challenging problems in this field of research has been to explain how the wide range of cognitive processes subsumed as EFs are controlled without an all-powerful but ill-defined central executive in the brain. Efforts to localize control mechanisms in circumscribed brain regions have not led to a breakthrough in understanding how the brain controls and regulates itself. We propose to re-conceptualize EFs as emergent consequences of highly distributed brain processes that communicate with a pool of highly connected hub regions, thus precluding the need for a central executive. We further discuss how graph-theory driven analysis of brain networks offers a unique lens on this problem by providing a reference frame to study brain connectivity in EFs in a holistic way and helps to refine our understanding of the mechanisms underlying EFs by providing new, testable hypotheses and resolves empirical and theoretical inconsistencies in the EF literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Agatha Lenartowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Affes S, Borji R, Zarrouk N, Sahli S, Rebai H. Effects of running exercises on reaction time and working memory in individuals with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:99-112. [PMID: 33164281 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the effect of running exercises at low [30% heart rate reserve (HRR)] and moderate (60%HRR) intensities on cognitive performances in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). METHODS Participants performed randomly reaction time (RT) tests: visual RT [simple RT (SRT) and choice RT (CRT)], auditory SRT (ASRT) and working memory (WM) (Corsi test) before and after the exercises. RESULTS The results showed that after both exercises, SRT decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both groups with higher extent (P < 0.05) at 60%HRR compared with 30%HRR. CRT decreased (P < 0.01), similarly, after the both exercises in both groups with higher (P < 0.001) extent in the intellectual disability group (IDG). ASRT decreased significantly, at 30%HRR, in IDG (P < 0.001) and in control group (CG) (P < 0.01) with greater extent in IDG (P < 0.001). At 60%HRR, ASRT decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001) with greater extent in IDG (P < 0.001). The ΔASRT% was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 30%HRR compared with 60%HRR in IDG. In CG, no significant (P = 0.21) difference was reported between intensities. The Corsi forward and the Corsi backward scores increased significantly (P < 0.01) in both groups after both intensities with higher extent in IDG (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that low and moderate running exercises improve similarly simple and choice visual RT as well as WM in individuals with ID. Furthermore, low-intensity exercise could be more appropriate to enhance ASRT compared the moderate one in these individuals. Therefore, low-intensity exercise seems to be an efficient strategy to improve cognitive performances in individuals with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Affes
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - R Borji
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Zarrouk
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Sahli
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Rebai
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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34
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Stavroulaki V, Giakoumaki SG, Sidiropoulou K. Working memory training effects across the lifespan: Evidence from human and experimental animal studies. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111415. [PMID: 33338498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Working memory refers to a cognitive function that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for complex cognitive tasks. Due to its central role in general cognition, several studies have investigated the possibility that training on working memory tasks could improve not only working memory function but also increase other cognitive abilities or modulate other behaviors. This possibility is still highly controversial, with prior studies providing contradictory findings. The lack of systematic approaches and methodological shortcomings complicates this debate even more. This review highlights the impact of working memory training at different ages on humans. Finally, it demonstrates several findings about the neural substrate of training in both humans and experimental animals, including non-human primates and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella G Giakoumaki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Gallos University Campus, University of Crete, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece; University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Educational Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Sidiropoulou
- Dept of Biology, University of Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece.
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Park MO. The Relationship between Single Task, Dual Task Performance and Impulsiveness Personality Traits of Young Adults in the Community. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040470. [PMID: 33182423 PMCID: PMC7711935 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single, dual task performance and impulsiveness personality traits of young adults in the community. (2) Methods: As a cross-sectional study, the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised test, which is an impulsiveness indicator test tool, was conducted on a total of 62 healthy young adults in the community. In order to assess the task performance ability, single task, motor dual task, and cognitive-motor dual task of Timed up and go (TUG) test were conducted. (3) Results: In order to identify the mean difference of the three types of TUG task performance according to the total score of impulsiveness test of all subjects, one-way ANOVA analysis was performed. As a result, there was no statistically significant difference by each task type. Upon investigating the correlation between the three subtypes (cognitive impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, non-planned impulsiveness) of impulsiveness and total score and TUG task performance, cognitive impulsiveness and TUG-cognitive task performance showed statistically significant correlation. (4) Conclusions: There was an association with the degree of cognitive impulsiveness when performing motor task and cognitive task simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Ok Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Korea
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Shigihara Y, Hoshi H, Fukasawa K, Ichikawa S, Kobayashi M, Sakamoto Y, Negishi K, Haraguchi R, Konno S. Resting-State Magnetoencephalography Reveals Neurobiological Bridges Between Pain and Cognitive Impairment. Pain Ther 2020; 10:349-361. [PMID: 33095348 PMCID: PMC8119570 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pain has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, which in turn affects pain perception. Although pain, cognitive dysfunction, and their interaction are clinically important, the neural mechanism connecting the two phenomena remains unclear. Methods The resting-state brain activity of 38 participants was measured using magnetoencephalography before and after the patients underwent selective nerve root block (SNRB) for the treatment of their pain. We then assessed the extent to which these data correlated with the subjective levels of pain experienced by the patients across SNRB based on the visual analogue scale and the cognitive status of the patients measured after SNRB using the Japanese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J). Results Slow oscillations (delta) in the right precentral gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the subjective level of pain, and fast oscillations (gamma) in the right insular cortex and right middle temporal gyrus before SNRB were negatively correlated with the MMSE-J score afterwards. These correlations disappeared after SNRB. Conclusion The presently observed changes in neural activity, as indicated by oscillation changes, might represent the transient bridge between pain and cognitive dysfunction in patients with severe pain. Our findings underscore the importance of treating pain before a transient diminishment of cognitive function becomes persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shigihara
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan. .,Precision Medicine Centre, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Hoshi
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | | | - Sayuri Ichikawa
- Clinical Laboratory, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Japan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Precision Medicine Centre, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Precision Medicine Centre, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Japan
| | | | - Rika Haraguchi
- Clinical Laboratory, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Japan
| | - Shin Konno
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Japan
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Delogu F, Barnewold M, Meloni C, Toffalini E, Zizi A, Fanari R. The Morra Game as a Naturalistic Test Bed for Investigating Automatic and Voluntary Processes in Random Sequence Generation. Front Psychol 2020; 11:551126. [PMID: 33071869 PMCID: PMC7541701 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.551126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morra is a 3,000-years-old hand game of prediction and numbers. The two players reveal their hand simultaneously, presenting a number of fingers between 1 and 5, while calling out a number between 2 and 10. Any player who successfully guesses the summation of fingers revealed by both players scores a point. While the game is extremely fast-paced, making it very difficult for players to achieve a conscious control of their game strategies, expert players regularly outperform non-experts, possibly with strategies residing out of conscious control. In this study, we used Morra as a naturalistic setting to investigate the necessity of attentive control in generation of sequence of items and the ability to proceduralize random number generation, which are both a crucial defensive strategy in Morra and a well-known empirical procedure to test the central executive capacity within the working memory model. We recorded the sequence of numbers generated by expert players in a Morra tournament in Sardinia (Italy) and by undergraduate students enrolled in a course-based research experience (CRE) course at Lawrence Technological University in the United States. Number sequences generated by non-expert and expert players both while playing Morra and in a random number generation task (RNGT) were compared in terms of randomness scores. Results indicate that expert players of Morra largely outperformed non-experts in the randomness scores only within Morra games, whereas in RNGT the two groups were very similar. Importantly, survey data acquired after the games indicate that expert players have very poor conscious recall of their number generation strategies used during the Morra game. Our results indicate that the ability of generating random sequences can be proceduralized and do not necessarily require attentive control. Results are discussed in the framework of the dual processing theory and its automatic-parallel-fast vs. controlled-sequential-slow polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Delogu
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Communication, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, United States
| | - Madison Barnewold
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Communication, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, United States
| | - Carla Meloni
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Toffalini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonello Zizi
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rachele Fanari
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Gandotra A, Cserjesi R, Bizonics R, Kotyuk E. Age differences in executive functions among Hungarian preschoolers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1825289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gandotra
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renata Cserjesi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bizonics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Chronic stepwise cerebral hypoperfusion differentially induces synaptic proteome changes in the frontal cortex, occipital cortex, and hippocampus in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15999. [PMID: 32994510 PMCID: PMC7524772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), the cerebral blood flow gradually decreases, leading to cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative disorders, such as vascular dementia. The reduced oxygenation, energy supply induced metabolic changes, and insufficient neuroplasticity could be reflected in the synaptic proteome. We performed stepwise bilateral common carotid occlusions on rats and studied the synaptic proteome changes of the hippocampus, occipital and frontal cortices. Samples were prepared and separated by 2-D DIGE and significantly altered protein spots were identified by HPLC–MS/MS. We revealed an outstanding amount of protein changes in the occipital cortex compared to the frontal cortex and the hippocampus with 94, 33, and 17 proteins, respectively. The high alterations in the occipital cortex are probably due to the hypoxia-induced retrograde degeneration of the primary visual cortex, which was demonstrated by electrophysiological experiments. Altered proteins have functions related to cytoskeletal organization and energy metabolism. As CCH could also be an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated whether our altered proteins overlap with AD protein databases. We revealed a significant amount of altered proteins associated with AD in the two neocortical areas, suggesting a prominent overlap with the AD pathomechanism.
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40
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A French-Greek Cross-Site Comparison Study of the Use of Automatic Video Analyses for the Assessment of Autonomy in Dementia Patients. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10090103. [PMID: 32825735 PMCID: PMC7558972 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: At present, the assessment of autonomy in daily living activities, one of the key symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), involves clinical rating scales. Methods: In total, 109 participants were included. In particular, 11 participants during a pre-test in Nice, France, and 98 participants (27 AD, 38 mild cognitive impairment—MCI—and 33 healthy controls—HC) in Thessaloniki, Greece, carried out a standardized scenario consisting of several instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as making a phone call or preparing a pillbox while being recorded. Data were processed by a platform of video signal analysis in order to extract kinematic parameters, detecting activities undertaken by the participant. Results: The video analysis data can be used to assess IADL task quality and provide clinicians with objective measurements of the patients’ performance. Furthermore, it reveals that the HC statistically significantly outperformed the MCI, which had better performance compared to the AD participants. Conclusions: Accurate activity recognition data for the analyses of the performance on IADL activities were obtained.
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Xu Z, Wang LC, Liu D, Chen Y, Tao L. The Moderation Effect of Processing Efficiency on the Relationship Between Visual Working Memory and Chinese Character Recognition. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1899. [PMID: 32849112 PMCID: PMC7422728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the underlying mechanism of the relationship between visual working memory (VWM) and Chinese character recognition, and the moderation effect of processing efficiency on this relationship, 154 first-grade students were administered a battery of tasks for VWM, rapid temporal processing, and Chinese character reading. In the VWM task, the children were asked to remember the jumping routes of a frog and report these routes in reverse sequence. The longest span for which each participant could respond correctly at least four times out of six was the VWM index. In the task of temporal order judgement, the participants were asked to select which of two balls was presented first, with stimulus onset asynchronies varying from 8 to 492 ms according to an adaptive psychophysical procedure. Visual temporal order threshold (VTOT) was utilized as an indicator of processing efficiency. The participants were asked to read 100 characters aloud to measure their word-level reading abilities in Chinese character recognition. After controlling age, non-verbal intelligence, visual short-term memory, morphological awareness, and orthographic awareness, the results of a moderation effect analysis showed that (1) both VWM and visual VTOT predicted Chinese character reading, and (2) the moderation effect of VTOT on the VWM-reading link was significant (p = 0.001). The correlation between VWM and Chinese character reading was positive and significant when VTOTs were above average (i.e., smaller than 87.14 ms); however, the correlation was negative at relatively poor levels of VTOTs (i.e., larger than 231.44 ms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Xu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Chih Wang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
- Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
- Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Duo Liu,
| | | | - Li Tao
- Xuefu Middle School, Shenzhen, China
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Target-centric angle variables in pursuit tracking. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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43
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Hubbard NA, Romeo RR, Grotzinger H, Giebler M, Imhof A, Bauer CCC, Gabrieli JDE. Reward-Sensitive Basal Ganglia Stabilize the Maintenance of Goal-Relevant Neural Patterns in Adolescents. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1508-1524. [PMID: 32379000 PMCID: PMC8500599 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Maturation of basal ganglia (BG) and frontoparietal circuitry parallels developmental gains in working memory (WM). Neurobiological models posit that adult WM performance is enhanced by communication between reward-sensitive BG and frontoparietal regions, via increased stability in the maintenance of goal-relevant neural patterns. It is not known whether this reward-driven pattern stability mechanism may have a role in WM development. In 34 young adolescents (12.16-14.72 years old) undergoing fMRI, reward-sensitive BG regions were localized using an incentive processing task. WM-sensitive regions were localized using a delayed-response WM task. Functional connectivity analyses were used to examine the stability of goal-relevant functional connectivity patterns during WM delay periods between and within reward-sensitive BG and WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions. Analyses revealed that more stable goal-relevant connectivity patterns between reward-sensitive BG and WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions were associated with both greater adolescent age and WM ability. Computational lesion models also revealed that functional connections to WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions from reward-sensitive BG uniquely increased the stability of goal-relevant functional connectivity patterns within frontoparietal regions. Findings suggested (1) the extent to which goal-relevant communication patterns within reward-frontoparietal circuitry are maintained increases with adolescent development and WM ability and (2) communication from reward-sensitive BG to frontoparietal regions enhances the maintenance of goal-relevant neural patterns in adolescents' WM. The maturation of reward-driven stability of goal-relevant neural patterns may provide a putative mechanism for understanding the developmental enhancement of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Imhof
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- University of Oregon
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44
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Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Iyer SS, Thangavel R, Kempuraj D, Raikwar SP, Bazley K, Wu K, Khan A, Kukulka K, Bussinger B, Zaheer S, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Absence of Glia Maturation Factor Protects from Axonal Injury and Motor Behavioral Impairments after Traumatic Brain Injury. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:230-248. [PMID: 32565489 PMCID: PMC7344375 DOI: 10.5607/en20017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes disability and death, accelerating the progression towards Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). TBI causes serious motor and cognitive impairments, as seen in PD that arise during the period of the initial insult. However, this has been understudied relative to TBI induced neuroinflammation, motor and cognitive decline that progress towards PD. Neuronal ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase- L1 (UCHL1) is a thiol protease that breaks down ubiquitinated proteins and its level represents the severity of TBI. Previously, we demonstrated the molecular action of glia maturation factor (GMF); a proinflammatory protein in mediating neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. Here, we show that the weight drop method induced TBI neuropathology using behavioral tests, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques on sections from wild type (WT) and GMF-deficient (GMF-KO) mice. Results reveal a significant improvement in substantia nigral tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression with motor behavioral performance in GMF-KO mice following TBI. In addition, a significant reduction in neuroinflammation was manifested, as shown by activation of nuclear factor-kB, reduced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase- 2 expressions. Likewise, neurotrophins including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly improved in GMF-KO mice than WT 72 h post-TBI. Consistently, we found that TBI enhances GFAP and UCHL-1 expression and reduces the number of dopaminergic TH-positive neurons in WT compared to GMF-KO mice 72 h post-TBI. Interestingly, we observed a reduction of THpositive tanycytes in the median eminence of WT than GMF-KO mice. Overall, we found that absence of GMF significantly reversed these neuropathological events and improved behavioral outcome. This study provides evidence that PD-associated pathology progression can be initiated upon induction of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kieran Bazley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kristopher Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Klaudia Kukulka
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Bret Bussinger
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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45
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Fanuel L, Plancher G, Piolino P. Using More Ecological Paradigms to Investigate Working Memory: Strengths, Limitations and Recommendations. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:148. [PMID: 32431601 PMCID: PMC7213077 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lison Fanuel
- Cognitive Mechanisms Research Laboratory, Université Lyon 2, Bron, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gaën Plancher
- Cognitive Mechanisms Research Laboratory, Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, MC2Lab 7536, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychologie, Université de Paris, Boulogne Billancourt, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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46
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Guinart D, Moreno E, Galindo L, Cuenca-Royo A, Barrera-Conde M, Pérez EJ, Fernández-Avilés C, Correll CU, Canela EI, Casadó V, Cordomi A, Pardo L, de la Torre R, Pérez V, Robledo P. Altered Signaling in CB1R-5-HT2AR Heteromers in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells of Schizophrenia Patients is Modulated by Cannabis Use. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1547-1557. [PMID: 32249318 PMCID: PMC7846100 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) has been associated with serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems dysregulation, but difficulty in obtaining in vivo neurological tissue has limited its exploration. We investigated CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer expression and functionality via intracellular pERK and cAMP quantification in olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of SCZ patients non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc), and evaluated whether cannabis modulated these parameters in patients using cannabis (SCZ/c). Results were compared vs healthy controls non-cannabis users (HC/nc) and healthy controls cannabis users (HC/c). Further, antipsychotic effects on heteromer signaling were tested in vitro in HC/nc and HC/c. Results indicated that heteromer expression was enhanced in both SCZ groups vs HC/nc. Additionally, pooling all 4 groups together, heteromer expression correlated with worse attentional performance and more neurological soft signs (NSS), indicating that these changes may be useful markers for neurocognitive impairment. Remarkably, the previously reported signaling properties of CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromers in ON cells were absent, specifically in SCZ/nc treated with clozapine. These findings were mimicked in cells from HC/nc exposed to clozapine, suggesting a major role of this antipsychotic in altering the quaternary structure of the CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer in SCZ/nc patients. In contrast, cells from SCZ/c showed enhanced heteromer functionality similar to HC/c. Our data highlight a molecular marker of the interaction between antipsychotic medication and cannabis use in SCZ with relevance for future studies evaluating its association with specific neuropsychiatric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guinart
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Galindo
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barrera-Conde
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ezequiel J Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enric I Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomi
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental G21, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed; IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Calle Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; telephone: +34 93 316 0455; e-mail:
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Dwyer CP, Alvarez-Iglesias A, Joyce R, Counihan TJ, Casey D, Hynes SM. Evaluating the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS): protocol for a feasibility cluster-randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:269. [PMID: 32183874 PMCID: PMC7077165 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive difficulties experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) impact their quality of life and daily functioning, from childcare and work, to social and self-care activities. Despite the high prevalence of cognitive difficulties seen in MS, there is a lack of developed programmes that target cognition, while also supporting patients by helping them to function well in everyday life. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with MS (COB-MS) was developed as a holistic, individualised cognitive rehabilitation intervention. It addresses the wide-ranging symptoms and functional difficulties that present in MS, including the ability to maintain employment, social activities, home management and self-care. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of COB-MS for people with MS. The focus is on feasibility outcomes as well as functioning associated with cognitive difficulty and secondary outcomes related to cognition, fatigue and quality of life. METHODS One hundred and twenty people with MS will be assigned to participate in either the COB-MS programme or a treatment as usual, wait-list control group as part of this single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled feasibility and preliminary efficacy trial of the COB-MS programme. The COB-MS group will participate in an eight-session occupational-based cognitive rehabilitation programme over 9 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the goal attainment scaling at 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 12 weeks post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Qualitative evaluations of participants' perspectives will also be examined as part of the feasibility study. DISCUSSION Results will provide recommendations for a future definitive trial of COB-MS, with respect to both feasibility and preliminary, clinical efficacy. In the event that results indicate efficacy, study findings will suggest that COB-MS requires consideration as a means of enhancing cognitive and daily functioning in people living with MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN: ISRCTN11462710. Registered on 9 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Dwyer
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Iglesias
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Joyce
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy J. Counihan
- grid.412440.70000 0004 0617 9371Department of Neurology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dympna Casey
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Qualitative Research Trials Centre (QUESTS), School of Nursing & Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M. Hynes
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Zhang Z, Chen G, Zhang J, Yan T, Go R, Fukuyama H, Wu J, Han Y, Li C. Tactile Angle Discrimination Decreases due to Subjective Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:168-176. [PMID: 32148194 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200309104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is the early preclinical stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Previous study provided an invaluable contribution by showing that a tactile angle discrimination system can be used to distinguish between healthy older individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. However, that study paid little attention to the relationship between tactile angle discrimination and SCD. Therefore, a means of differentiating Normal Controls (NCs), elderly subjects with SCD, patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), and AD is urgently needed. METHODS In the present study, we developed a novel tactile discrimination device that uses angle stimulation applied to the index finger pad to identify very small differences in angle discrimination between the NC (n = 30), SCD (n = 30), aMCI (n = 30), and AD (n = 30) groups. Using a three-alternative forced-choice and staircase method, we analyzed the average accuracy and threshold of angle discrimination. RESULTS We found that accuracy significantly decreased while thresholds of angle discrimination increased in the groups in the following order: NC, SCD, aMCI, and AD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve also indicated that the tactile angle discrimination threshold was better than Mini-Mental State Examination scores in distinguishing NC individuals and SCD patients. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the importance of tactile working memory dysfunction in explaining the cognitive decline in angle discrimination that occurs in SCD to AD patients and offer further insight into the very early detection of subjects with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ritsu Go
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The term "modal model" reflects the importance of Atkinson and Shiffrin's paper in capturing the major developments in the cognitive psychology of memory that were achieved over the previous decade, providing an integrated framework that has formed the basis for many future developments. The fact that it is still the most cited model from that period some 50 years later has, we suggest, implications for the model itself and for theorising in psychology more generally. We review the essential foundations of the model before going on to discuss briefly the way in which one of its components, the short-term store, had influenced our own concept of a multicomponent working memory. This is followed by a discussion of recent claims that the concept of a short-term store be replaced by an interpretation in terms of activated long-term memory. We present several reasons to question these proposals. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of the longevity of the modal model for styles of theorising in cognitive psychology.
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Trautwein S, Maurus P, Barisch-Fritz B, Hadzic A, Woll A. Recommended motor assessments based on psychometric properties in individuals with dementia: a systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 16:20. [PMID: 31700552 PMCID: PMC6825725 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motor assessments are important to determine effectiveness of physical activity in individuals with dementia (IWD). However, inappropriate and non-standardised assessments without sound psychometric properties have been used. This systematic review aims to examine psychometric properties of motor assessments in IWD combined with frequency of use and effect sizes and to provide recommendations based on observed findings.We performed a two-stage systematic literature search using Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ALOIS, and Scopus (inception - July/September 2018, English and German). The first search purposed to identify motor assessments used in randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of physical activity in IWD and to display their frequency of use and effect sizes. The second search focused on psychometric properties considering influence of severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing on test-retest reliability. Two reviewers independently extracted and analysed findings of eligible studies in a narrative synthesis. Results Literature searches identified 46 randomised controlled trials and 21 psychometric property studies. While insufficient information was available for validity, we observed sufficient inter-rater and relative test-retest reliability but unacceptable absolute test-retest reliability for most assessments. Combining these findings with frequency of use and effect sizes, we recommend Functional Reach Test, Groningen Meander Walking Test (time), Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Up & Go Test, instrumented gait analysis (spatiotemporal parameters), Sit-to-Stand assessments (repetitions> 1), and 6-min walk test. It is important to consider that severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing influenced test-retest reliability of some assessments. Conclusion This review establishes an important foundation for future investigations. Sufficient relative reliability supports the conclusiveness of recommended assessments at group level, while unacceptable absolute reliability advices caution in assessing intra-individual changes. Moreover, influences on test-retest reliability suggest tailoring assessments and instructions to IWD and applying cueing only where it is inevitable. Considering heterogeneity of included studies and insufficient examination in various areas, these recommendations are not comprehensive. Further research, especially on validity and influences on test-retest reliability, as well as standardisation and development of tailored assessments for IWD is crucial.This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105399).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trautwein
- 1Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Maurus
- 1Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,2Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Bettina Barisch-Fritz
- 1Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anela Hadzic
- 1Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- 1Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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