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Gokarn A, Tembhare PR, Syed H, Sanyal I, Kumar R, Parab S, Khanka T, Punatar S, Kedia S, Ghogale SG, Deshpande N, Nikam Y, Girase K, Mirgh S, Jindal N, Bagal B, Chichra A, Nayak L, Bonda A, Rath S, Hiregoudar S, Poojary M, Saha S, Ojha S, Subramanian PG, Khattry N. Long-Term Cryopreservation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest Using Low Concentration (4.35%) Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Methyl Cellulose and Uncontrolled Rate Freezing at -80 °C: An Effective Option in Resource-Limited Settings. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:777.e1-777.e8. [PMID: 37678607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) is highly useful in the setting of tandem/multiple transplantations or treatment of relapse in the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) setting. Even in allogeneic HSCT, donor lymphocyte infusions may be stored for months to years if excess stem cells are collected from donors. Cryopreservation is a delicate, complex, and costly procedure, and higher concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a commonly used cryoprotectant, can be toxic to cells and cause adverse effects in the recipient during infusions. In this study, we examined the effect of long-term cryopreservation using 4.35% DMSO (as final concentration) with methyl cellulose and uncontrolled rate freezing in a mechanical freezer (-80 °C) on the viability and colony-forming ability of CD34+ human PBSCs. For patients undergoing autologous HSCT, PBSCs were cryopreserved using DMSO (final concentration of 4.35%) with methyl cellulose. The post-thaw viability of PBSCs was determined using Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry-based 7-amino-actinomycin-D (FC-7AAD) methods. Concentrations of CD34+ stem cells and immune cell subsets in post-thaw PBSC harvest samples were assessed using multicolor flow cytometry, and the clonogenic potential of post-thaw stem cells was studied using a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. CD34+ stem cell levels were correlated with the prestorage CD34 levels using the Pearson correlation test. The viability results in the Trypan blue dye exclusion method and the flow cytometry-based method were compared using Bland-Altman plots. We studied 26 PBSC harvest samples with a median cryopreservation duration of 6.6 years (range, 3.8 to 11.5 years). The median viability of post-thaw PBSCs was >80% using both methods, with a weak agreement between them (r = .03; P = .5). The median CD34+ stem cell count in the post-thaw samples was 9.13 × 106/kg (range, .44 to 26.27 × 106/kg). The CFU assay yielded a good proliferation and differentiation potential in post-thaw PBSCs, with a weak correlation between granulocyte macrophage CFU and CD34+ stem cell levels (r = .4; P = .05). Two samples that had been cryopreserved for >8 years showed low viability. Cryopreservation of PBSCs using 4.35% DMSO with methyl cellulose and uncontrolled freezing in a mechanical freezer at -80 °C allows the maintenance of long-term viability of PBSC for up to 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Gokarn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant R Tembhare
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hasan Syed
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Isha Sanyal
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sarika Parab
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Twinkle Khanka
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin Punatar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Kedia
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram G Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Yuvraj Nikam
- Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Karishma Girase
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Mirgh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nishant Jindal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhausaheb Bagal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Akanksha Chichra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Lingaraj Nayak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Avinash Bonda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushmita Rath
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumathi Hiregoudar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Minal Poojary
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Suryatapa Saha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shashank Ojha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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2
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Milczarek S, Kulig P, Zuchmańska A, Baumert B, Osękowska B, Bielikowicz A, Wilk-Milczarek E, Machaliński B. Safety of Cryopreserved Stem Cell Infusion through a Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041338. [PMID: 36831679 PMCID: PMC9954289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation requires a multipurpose central venous catheter (CVC) to facilitate drug administration, parenteral nutrition, transfusion of blood products, and collection of blood samples. Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) appear to meet these requirements but are rarely used for stem cell infusion. We aimed to retrospectively assess the safety and feasibility of stem cell infusion through PICC and to evaluate its impact on transplantation kinetics. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation in patients receiving cryopreserved autologous or allogeneic PBSC by PICCs and compared the results with patients receiving transplants through a conventionally inserted central venous catheter (CICC). Despite statistically significant differences in CD34+ dose, infusion rate, and total length of administration, the clinical outcomes of transplantation, exemplified by platelet and neutrophil engraftment, along with the length of hospitalization, were not affected by the prolonged infusion time and lower infusion velocity in the PICC group. Our study showed that the clinical outcomes of PBSC transplantation did not differ between the PICC and CICC groups, suggesting that both types of catheters can be implemented in a PBSC transplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Milczarek
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alina Zuchmańska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Osękowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Bielikowicz
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Wilk-Milczarek
- Department of General and Dental Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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3
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Bastin DJ, Quizi J, Kennedy MA, Kekre N, Auer RC. Current challenges in the manufacture of clinical-grade autologous whole cell vaccines for hematological malignancies. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:979-989. [PMID: 35562303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Autologous whole cell vaccines use a patient's own tumor cells as a source of antigen to elicit an anti-tumor immune response in vivo. Recently, the authors conducted a systematic review of clinical trials employing these products in hematological cancers that showed a favorable safety profile and trend toward efficacy. However, it was noted that manufacturing challenges limit both the efficacy and clinical implementation of these vaccine products. In the current literature review, the authors sought to define the issues surrounding the manufacture of autologous whole cell products for hematological cancers. The authors describe key factors, including the acquisition, culture, cryopreservation and transduction of malignant cells, that require optimization for further advancement of the field. Furthermore, the authors provide a summary of pre-clinical work that informs how the identified challenges may be overcome. The authors also highlight areas in which future basic research would be of benefit to the field. The goal of this review is to provide a roadmap for investigators seeking to advance the field of autologous cell vaccines as it applies to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Bastin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jennifer Quizi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Abstract
Recent advances in high-resolution multiparametric flow cytometry enable ever deeper analysis of human lymphocyte subsets that require rigorous methodology development and optimization. Here, we detail methods to characterize glycosylated Sialyl-LewisX (SLeX)- or cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-expressing CD4+ T cells using two separate multiparametric flow cytometry panels enabling the identification of memory subsets, Th subsets, and expression of diverse activation markers and chemokine receptors. The proposed protocol allows optimal resolution of the measured parameters while minimizing background in a 25-parameter experiment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Colomb et al. (2020). 25-parameter panels for glycosylated CD4+ T cell deep immune profiling Characterization of memory subsets and Th profiles on CD4+ T cells Quantification of expression levels of many activation markers and chemokine receptors Optimal resolution and minimal background
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Betina Pampena
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Chibelean CB, Petca RC, Radu DC, Petca A. State of the Art in Fertility Preservation for Female Patients Prior to Oncologic Therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020089. [PMID: 32102169 PMCID: PMC7073829 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life improvement stands as one of the main goals of the medical sciences. Increasing cancer survival rates associated with better early detection and extended therapeutic options led to the specific modeling of patients’ choices, comprising aspects of reproductive life that correlated with the evolution of modern society, and requires better assessment. Of these, fertility preservation and ovarian function conservation for pre-menopause female oncologic patients pose a contemporary challenge due to procreation age advance in evolved societies and to the growing expectations regarding cancer treatment. Progress made in cell and tissue-freezing technologies brought hope and shed new light on the onco-fertility field. Additionally, crossing roads with general fertility and senescence studies proved highly beneficial due to the enlarged scope and better synergies and funding. We here strive to bring attention to this domain of care and to sensitize all medical specialties towards a more cohesive approach and to better communication among caregivers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Călin Bogdan Chibelean
- Department of Urology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu-Mures, 540139 Targu-Mures, Romania;
- Mureș County Hospital, 540136 Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Cosmin Petca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050471 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722-224492
| | | | - Aida Petca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050471 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Chen R, Li L, Feng L, Luo Y, Xu M, Leong KW, Yao R. Biomaterial-assisted scalable cell production for cell therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119627. [PMID: 31767445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy, the treatment of diseases using living cells, offers a promising clinical approach to treating refractory diseases. The global market for cell therapy is growing rapidly, and there is an increasing demand for automated methods that can produce large quantities of high quality therapeutic cells. Biomaterials can be used during cell production to establish a biomimetic microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion and proliferation while maintaining target cell genotype and phenotype. Here we review recent progress and emerging techniques in biomaterial-assisted cell production. The increasing use of auxiliary biomaterials and automated production methods provides an opportunity to improve quality control and increase production efficiency using standardized GMP-compliant procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yixue Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information and 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Rui Yao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Wang M, Karlsson JOM, Aksan A. FTIR Analysis of Molecular Changes Associated with Warming Injury in Cryopreserved Leukocytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7552-7559. [PMID: 30399315 PMCID: PMC8508884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we explored the effects of cooling rate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration, and thawing protocol on the post-thaw viability of frozen human white blood cells (WBCs). Different cooling rates (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 °C/min) at two DMSO concentrations (5 and 10% v/v) were tested as the samples were cooled to -120 °C. Frozen samples were thawed following either a fast (100 °C/min) or slow (2 °C/min) warming protocol applied in either a single stage or in two stages interrupted by a 6 min hold at -40, -50, -60, -70, or -80 °C. The highest post-thaw viability was obtained when WBCs were cooled at 2 °C/min in a 5% DMSO solution and warmed at the fastest rate (100 °C/min) without any interruption. Post-thaw viability decreased when the warming rate was reduced or when rapid warming was interrupted by a hold at a temperature below -60 °C. To elucidate the mechanisms of warming injury in addition to the biological response, several key interfacial and molecular phenomena require greater understanding; thus, we used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the roles of molecular structure and conformation in damage to cryopreserved WBCs during warming. During warming, FTIR spectra revealed the accumulation of cellular protein and lipid membrane damage below -60 °C if the samples were thawed slowly at 2 °C/min. The results presented here suggest that irreversible alterations of biomolecular structure are correlated with cell injury during warming; these deleterious effects appeared to be caused by one or more low-temperature kinetic processes, consistent with eutectic formation/melting and/or devitrification in the intracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jens O. M. Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Rohner N, Passweg JR, Tsakiris DA, Halter JP, Heim D, Buser AS, Infanti L, Holbro A. The value of the post-thaw CD34+ count with and without DMSO removal in the setting of autologous stem cell transplantation. Transfusion 2018; 59:1052-1060. [PMID: 30556582 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD34+ cell count correlates with engraftment potency after autologous stem cell transplantation. Assessment of CD34+ mainly occurs after apheresis and before cryopreservation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The influence of postthaw CD34+ cell numbers over time to engraftment is not well studied, and determination of postthaw CD34+ cell counts is challenging for a variety of reasons. The aim of this retrospective study was to systematically assess the value of postthaw CD34+ cell counts in autologous grafts with and without DMSO removal. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Between January 2008 and December 2015, 236 adult patients underwent a total of 292 autologous stem cell transplantations. Median age at transplantation was 56 years, and the main indication was multiple myeloma (60%). DMSO removal was done in 96 grafts (33%), either by centrifugation or by Sepax method. RESULTS Patients receiving grafts containing DMSO showed a significantly faster platelet (p = 0.02) and RBC (p = 0.001) engraftment. DMSO removal was not associated with fewer infusion-related adverse events. We observed a good correlation between CD34+ cell count after apheresis and CD34+ cell count after thawing/washing (r = 0.931). Ninety grafts (31%) showed a significant loss of viable CD34+ cells, which translated into a delayed engraftment. CONCLUSION DMSO removal was associated with delayed platelet and RBC engraftment without preventing adverse events. CD34+ cell enumeration after thawing remains difficult to perform, but grafts showing higher cell loss during cryopreservation and thawing are associated with slower engraftment. Prospective studies on the role of DMSO removal and postthaw CD34+ enumeration using defined protocols are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Rohner
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob R Passweg
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg P Halter
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heim
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas S Buser
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Blood Transfusion Center, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Blood Transfusion Center, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Holbro
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Blood Transfusion Center, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Andreani T, Nogueira V, Pinto VV, Ferreira MJ, Rasteiro MG, Silva AM, Pereira R, Pereira CM. Influence of the stabilizers on the toxicity of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic organisms and human cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1264-1277. [PMID: 28732404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, following a systematic approach, we used aquatic species (bacteria Vibrio fischeri and microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata) and different human cell lines (Caco-2, HepG2, SV-80 and HaCaT) representing different tissues and exposure pathways, to investigate how two organic stabilizers (PVA and DMSO) used for NMs dispersion influence their physicochemical properties, the persistence of metals in suspension and the toxicity/ecotoxicity of two metallic NMs (nano-Ag and nano-Cu). Although the stabilizers are expected to contribute to improve the dispersion and stability of NMs, the results obtained clearly showed that no similar changes in toxicity and morphological properties of the nano-Ag can be expected after its stabilization with PVA. Thus, regarding human cell lines, the reduction in the average size of the PVA-nano-Ag was followed by a reduction or maintenance of its toxicity, but the opposite was observed for the aquatic species tested since an increase in the average size enhanced its toxicity. As far as nano-Cu is considered DMSO contributed for a better dispersion of this nanomaterial, however this was not translated in a similar toxicity/ecotoxicity modification. In summary, even for nano-Cu, for which few or no data exists regarding its toxicity after stabilization with organic compounds, it was confirmed with consistent data, that the toxicity of metallic NMs is a complex combination of average size, chemical composition, solubilization or persistence in suspension of the metallic forms, interaction with test medium components and sensitivity of test species and cell lines. The combination of all of these factors makes the toxicity of metallic NMs unpredictable and points for the need of an extensive evaluation of each new formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CITAB - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera V Pinto
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões - Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal
| | - Maria José Ferreira
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões - Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Rasteiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- CITAB - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Optimizing recovery of frozen human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for flow cytometry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187440. [PMID: 29091947 PMCID: PMC5665600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Live peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be frozen and thawed for later analyses by adding and removing a cryoprotectant, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Laboratories across the world use various procedures, but published evidence of optimal thawing procedures is scarce. Materials and methods PBMCs were separated from blood collected from healthy Danish blood donors, and stored at -80°C after adding of DMSO. The essential steps in the thawing procedure were modified and performance was evaluated by flow cytometry with respect to the percentage and total yield of viable PMBCs. Results The best-performing washing medium was Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 at 37°C with 20% fetal bovine serum. When using 10 mL washing medium in a 15-mL Falcon tube, samples should be centrifuged for at least 10 minutes at 500 g. We failed to detect any differences between the tested methods of mixing PBMCs with washing medium. Likewise, neither the thawing duration nor centrifugation temperature (20°C and 37°C) had any effect. PBMCs could be incubated (rested) for up to eight hours in a 37°C 5% CO2 incubator without affecting cell counts, but incubating PBMCs for 16 hours significantly decreased viability and recovery. In general, high viability was not necessarily associated with high recovery. Conclusion Changing the thawing procedure significantly impacted PBMC viability and live cell recovery. Evaluating both viability and live PBMC recovery are necessary to evaluate method performance. Investigation of differential loss of PBMC subtypes and phenotypic changes during thawing and incubation requires further evaluation.
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Wang C, Xiao R, Cao YL, Yin HY. Evaluation of human platelet lysate and dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectants for the cryopreservation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Roh KH, Nerem RM, Roy K. Biomanufacturing of Therapeutic Cells: State of the Art, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 7:455-78. [PMID: 27276552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-033559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and other functionally defined therapeutic cells (e.g., T cells) are promising to bring hope of a permanent cure for diseases and disorders that currently cannot be cured by conventional drugs or biological molecules. This paradigm shift in modern medicine of using cells as novel therapeutics can be realized only if suitable manufacturing technologies for large-scale, cost-effective, reproducible production of high-quality cells can be developed. Here we review the state of the art in therapeutic cell manufacturing, including cell purification and isolation, activation and differentiation, genetic modification, expansion, packaging, and preservation. We identify current challenges and discuss opportunities to overcome them such that cell therapies become highly effective, safe, and predictively reproducible while at the same time becoming affordable and widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Roh
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Robert M Nerem
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Worsham DN, Reems JA, Szczepiorkowski ZM, McKenna DH, Leemhuis T, Mathew AJ, Cancelas JA. Clinical methods of cryopreservation for donor lymphocyte infusions vary in their ability to preserve functional T-cell subpopulations. Transfusion 2017; 57:1555-1565. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo-Anna Reems
- University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City Utah
| | | | | | - Thomas Leemhuis
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio
| | | | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio
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Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi Y, Matsushita M, Noguchi H. Evaluation of Serum-Free, Xeno-Free Cryopreservation Solutions for Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL MEDICINE 2016; 9:15-20. [PMID: 28174671 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x693122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into cells of mesodermal origin, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, and chondrocytes, and cryopreservation is currently performed as a routine method for preserving ASCs to safely acquire large numbers of cells. For clinical application of ASCs, serum-free, xeno-free cryopreservation solutions should be used. This study determined the viability and adipo-osteogenic potential of cryopreserved ASCs using four cryopreservation solutions: 10% DMSO, Cell Banker 2 (serum free), Stem Cell Banker (=Cell Banker 3: serum free, xeno free), and TC protector (serum free, xeno free). The viability of the cryopreserved ASCs was over 80% with all cryopreservation solutions. No difference in the adipo-osteogenic potential was found between the cells that did or did not undergo cryopreservation in these cryopreservation solutions. These data suggest that Cell Banker 3 and TC protector are comparable with 10% DMSO and Cell Banker 2 for ASCs, and cryopreserved as well as noncryopreserved ASCs could be applied for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- ‡ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- § Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Noguchi
- ¶ Department of Socio-environmental Design, Hiroshima International University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- # Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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Mercado SA, Slater NKH. Increased cryosurvival of osteosarcoma cells using an amphipathic pH-responsive polymer for trehalose uptake. Cryobiology 2016; 73:175-80. [PMID: 27497662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic pH-responsive polymers have shown to increase the permeability of cell membranes to trehalose hence improving the cryopreservation of mammalian cells. However, the trafficking of both the polymer and trehalose across the cell membrane has not yet been thoroughly analysed. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect on cryopreservation of the trafficking of the disaccharide trehalose along PP-50, an amphipathic polymer, through an osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2). Confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of intracellular labelled trehalose only when incubated in the presence of PP-50. Further analysis confirmed that both trehalose and PP-50 localised in the cytoplasm, accumulated mainly in the perinuclear area. Quantitative analysis of the colocalisation between trehalose and PP-50 showed Pearson and Manders coefficients of 0.862 ± 0.008 and 0.766 ± 0.033, respectively, suggesting a high degree of intracellular colocalisation between these molecules. Cryopreserved cells pre-incubated with trehalose and PP-50 showed increased cryosurvival when compared with cells pre-incubated in the absence of the polymer. PP-50 showed to be directly involved in the uptake of trehalose, a critical characteristic towards use in cryopreservation and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mercado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - N K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom.
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16
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Autologous human plasma in stem cell culture and cryopreservation in the creation of a tissue-engineered vascular graft. J Vasc Surg 2016; 63:805-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Nagahara Y, Sekine H, Otaki M, Hayashi M, Murase N. Use of high concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide for cryopreservation of HepG2 cells adhered to glass and polydimethylsiloxane matrices. Cryobiology 2015; 72:53-9. [PMID: 26621206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal cells are generally cryopreserved in cryovials in a cell suspension state containing 5%-10% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as a cryoprotective agent. However, cryopreservation of cells in an attached state has not been intensively studied, and the effective freezing solution remains unknown. Here we determined the suitable DMSO concentration for the cryopreservation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells attached to glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrices coated with poly-l-lysine. With the use of the glass matrix, the rate of cell adhesion increased with the DMSO concentration up to 30% v/v in the freezing solution. In contrast, the cell-adhesion rate remained constant in the case of the PDMS matrix irrespective of the DMSO concentration between 10% v/v and 30% v/v. The viability of post-thawed cells attached to glass or PDMS matrix was also investigated. The viability was highest at the DMSO concentration of 20% v/v in the freezing solution. The DMSO concentration of 30% v/v, however, had a cytotoxic effect on the cell viability. Thus, the 20% v/v DMSO concentration was found to be most suitable for the cryopreservation of HepG2 cells in the attached state. This dose is high compared to the DMSO concentration used for the cryopreservation of cells in the suspended state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Nagahara
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sekine
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Mari Otaki
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hayashi
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Norio Murase
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
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Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kurima K, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi Y, Matsushita M, Noguchi H. Cryopreservation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL MEDICINE 2015; 8:3-7. [PMID: 26858903 DOI: 10.3727/215517915x689100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into cells of mesodermal origin such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, and chondrocytes. They possess an immunosuppressive effect, which makes them a viable cell population for the cell-based therapy of treatment-resistant immune diseases. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been demonstrated to have the ability to acquire the properties of subcutaneous adipose tissue particularly easily, and cryopreservation is currently performed as a routine method for preserving ASCs to safely acquire large numbers of cells. However, many studies have reported that cellular activity after freezing and thawing may be affected by the solutions used for cryopreservation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as a cryopreservation medium as it diffuses into the cell through the plasma membrane and protects the cells from the damage caused by freezing. As substitutes for DMSO or animal-derived serum, cell banker series, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sericin and maltose, and methyl cellulose (MC) have been investigated for their clinical applications. It is critical to develop a reliable cell cryopreservation protocol for regenerative medicine using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kurima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- ‡ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- § Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Noguchi
- ¶ Department of Socio-environmental Design, Hiroshima International University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- # Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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Smagur A, Mitrus I, Ciomber A, Panczyniak K, Fidyk W, Sadus-Wojciechowska M, Holowiecki J, Giebel S. Comparison of the cryoprotective solutions based on human albumin vs. autologous plasma: its effect on cell recovery, clonogenic potential of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells and engraftment after autologous transplantation. Vox Sang 2015; 108:417-24. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Smagur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - I. Mitrus
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - A. Ciomber
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - K. Panczyniak
- Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - W. Fidyk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - M. Sadus-Wojciechowska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - J. Holowiecki
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - S. Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
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Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered a great alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Unlike bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), ASCs can be retrieved in high numbers from lipoaspirate, a by-product of liposuction procedures. Given that ASCs represent an easily accessible and abundant source of multipotent cells, ASCs have garnered attention and curiosity from both scientific and clinical communities for their potential in clinical applications. Furthermore, their unique immunobiology and secretome are attractive therapeutic properties. A decade since the discovery of a stem cell reservoir residing within adipose tissue, ASC-based clinical trials have grown over the years around the world along with assessments made on their safety and efficacy. With the progress of ASCs into clinical applications, the aim towards producing clinical-grade ASCs becomes increasingly important. Several countries have recognised the growing industry of cell therapies and have developed regulatory frameworks to assure their safety. With more research efforts made to understand their effects in both scientific and clinical settings, ASCs hold great promise as a future therapeutic strategy in treating a wide variety of diseases. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the clinical applicability of ASCs as well as their progress in clinical trials across various medical disciplines.
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Mitrus I, Smagur A, Giebel S, Gliwinska J, Prokop M, Glowala-Kosinska M, Chwieduk A, Sadus-Wojciechowska M, Tukiendorf A, Holowiecki J. A faster reconstitution of hematopoiesis after autologous transplantation of hematopoietic cells cryopreserved in 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide if compared to 10% dimethyl sulfoxide containing medium. Cryobiology 2013; 67:327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fisher V, Khuu H, David-Ocampo V, Byrne K, Pavletic S, Bishop M, Fowler DH, Barrett AJ, Stroncek DF. Analysis of the recovery of cryopreserved and thawed CD34+ and CD3+ cells collected for hematopoietic transplantation. Transfusion 2013; 54:1088-92. [PMID: 24117879 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation is often used to store cellular therapies, but little is known about how well CD3+ or CD34+ cells tolerate this process. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Viable CD34+ cell recoveries were analyzed from related and unrelated donor granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products and viable CD3+ cell recoveries from G-CSF-mobilized and nonmobilized apheresis products from related and unrelated donors. All products were cryopreserved with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% pentastarch using a controlled-rate freezer and were stored in liquid nitrogen. Related donor products were cryopreserved immediately after collection and unrelated donor products greater than 12 hours postcollection. RESULTS The postthaw recovery of CD34+ cells from related donor PBSCs was high (n = 86; 97.5 ± 23.1%) and there was no difference in postthaw CD34+ cell recovery from unrelated donor PBSCs (n = 14; 98.8 ± 37.2%; p = 0.863). In related donor lymphocyte products the postthaw CD3+ cell recovery (n = 48; 90.7 ± 21.4%) was greater than that of unrelated donor products (n = 14; 66.6 ± 35.8%; p = 0.00251). All unrelated donor lymphocyte products were from G-CSF-mobilized products, while most related donor lymphocyte products were from nonmobilized products. A comparison of the CD3+ cell recovery from related donor G-CSF-mobilized products (n = 19; 85.0 ± 29.2%) with that of unrelated donor products found no significant difference (p = 0.137). CONCLUSIONS The postthaw recovery of CD34+ cells was high in both related and unrelated donor products, but the recovery of CD3+ cells in unrelated donor G-CSF-mobilized products was lower. G-CSF-mobilized unrelated donor products may contain fewer CD3+ cells than non-G-CSF-exposed products upon thaw and, when indicated, cell doses should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fisher
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Dadheech N, Srivastava A, Belani M, Gupta S, Pal R, Bhonde RR, Srivastava AS, Gupta S. Basal expression of pluripotency-associated genes can contribute to stemness property and differentiation potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1802-17. [PMID: 23343006 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency and stemness is believed to be associated with high Oct-3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 (ONS) expression. Similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), high ONS expression eventually became the measure of pluripotency in any cell. The threshold expression of ONS genes that underscores pluripotency, stemness, and differentiation potential is still unclear. Therefore, we raised a question as to whether pluripotency and stemness is a function of basal ONS gene expression. To prove this, we carried out a comparative study between basal ONS expressing NIH3T3 cells with pluripotent mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSC) and mouse ESC. Our studies on cellular, molecular, and immunological biomarkers between NIH3T3 and mBMSC demonstrated stemness property of undifferentiated NIH3T3 cells that was similar to mBMSC and somewhat close to ESC as well. In vivo teratoma formation with all three germ layer derivatives strengthen the fact that these cells in spite of basal ONS gene expression can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages without any genetic modification. Conclusively, our novel findings suggested that the phenomenon of pluripotency which imparts ability for multilineage cell differentiation is not necessarily a function of high ONS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Dadheech
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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Thirumala S, Goebel WS, Woods EJ. Manufacturing and banking of mesenchymal stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:673-91. [PMID: 23339745 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.763925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-like cells hold great promise and offer many advantages for developing effective cellular therapeutics. Current trends indicate that the clinical application of MSC will continue to increase markedly. For clinical applications, large numbers of MSC are usually required, ideally in an off-the-shelf format, thus requiring extensive MSC expansion ex vivo and subsequent cryopreservation and banking. AREAS COVERED To exploit the full potential of MSC for cell-based therapies requires overcoming significant cell-manufacturing, banking and regulatory challenges. The current review will focus on the identification of optimal cell source for MSC, the techniques for production scale-up, cryopreservation and banking and the regulatory challenges involved. EXPERT OPINION There has been considerable success manufacturing and cryopreserving MSC at laboratory scale. Surprisingly little attention, however, has been given to translate these technologies to an industrial scale. The development of cost-effective advanced technologies for producing and cryopreserving commercial-scale MSC is important for successful clinical cell therapy.
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Balcerzak AK, Febbraro M, Ben RN. The importance of hydrophobic moieties in ice recrystallization inhibitors. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Smagur A, Mitrus I, Giebel S, Sadus-Wojciechowska M, Najda J, Kruzel T, Czerw T, Gliwinska J, Prokop M, Glowala-Kosinska M, Chwieduk A, Holowiecki J. Impact of different dimethyl sulphoxide concentrations on cell recovery, viability and clonogenic potential of cryopreserved peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Vox Sang 2012; 104:240-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Thirumala S, Goebel WS, Woods EJ. Clinical grade adult stem cell banking. Organogenesis 2012; 5:143-54. [PMID: 20046678 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.3.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a great deal of scientific interest recently generated by the potential therapeutic applications of adult stem cells in human care but there are several challenges regarding quality and safety in clinical applications and a number of these challenges relate to the processing and banking of these cells ex-vivo. As the number of clinical trials and the variety of adult cells used in regenerative therapy increases, safety remains a primary concern. This has inspired many nations to formulate guidelines and standards for the quality of stem cell collection, processing, testing, banking, packaging and distribution. Clinically applicable cryopreservation and banking of adult stem cells offers unique opportunities to advance the potential uses and widespread implementation of these cells in clinical applications. Most current cryopreservation protocols include animal serum proteins and potentially toxic cryoprotectant additives (CPAs) that prevent direct use of these cells in human therapeutic applications. Long term cryopreservation of adult stem cells under good manufacturing conditions using animal product free solutions is critical to the widespread clinical implementation of ex-vivo adult stem cell therapies. Furthermore, to avoid any potential cryoprotectant related complications, reduced CPA concentrations and efficient post-thaw washing to remove CPA are also desirable. The present review focuses on the current strategies and important aspects of adult stem cell banking for clinical applications. These include current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs), animal protein free freezing solutions, cryoprotectants, freezing & thawing protocols, viability assays, packaging and distribution. The importance and benefits of banking clinical grade adult stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Thirumala
- General Biotechnology LLC; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
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Chaytor JL, Tokarew JM, Wu LK, Leclère M, Tam RY, Capicciotti CJ, Guolla L, von Moos E, Findlay CS, Allan DS, Ben RN. Inhibiting ice recrystallization and optimization of cell viability after cryopreservation. Glycobiology 2011; 22:123-33. [PMID: 21852258 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ice recrystallization inhibition activity of various mono- and disaccharides has been correlated with their ability to cryopreserve human cell lines at various concentrations. Cell viabilities after cryopreservation were compared with control experiments where cells were cryopreserved with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The most potent inhibitors of ice recrystallization were 220 mM solutions of disaccharides; however, the best cell viability was obtained when a 200 mM d-galactose solution was utilized. This solution was minimally cytotoxic at physiological temperature and effectively preserved cells during freeze-thaw. In fact, this carbohydrate was just as effective as a 5% DMSO solution. Further studies indicated that the cryoprotective benefit of d-galactose was a result of its internalization and its ability to mitigate osmotic stress, prevent intracellular ice formation and/or inhibit ice recrystallization. This study supports the hypothesis that the ability of a cryoprotectant to inhibit ice recrystallization is an important property to enhance cell viability post-freeze-thaw. This cryoprotective benefit is observed in three different human cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ability of a potential cryoprotectant to inhibit ice recrystallation may be used as a predictor of its ability to preserve cells at subzero temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Chaytor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, D'Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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Leclère M, Kwok BK, Wu LK, Allan DS, Ben RN. C-Linked Antifreeze Glycoprotein (C-AFGP) Analogues as Novel Cryoprotectants. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1804-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2001837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke K. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program
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Stroncek DF, Xing L, Chau Q, Zia N, McKelvy A, Pracht L, Sabatino M, Jin P. Stability of cryopreserved white blood cells (WBCs) prepared for donor WBC infusions. Transfusion 2011; 51:2647-55. [PMID: 21658051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White blood cells (WBCs) collected from hematopoietic stem cell transplant donors are often given to the recipient to speed immune recovery or treat disease relapse. The postthaw recovery and viability of cryopreserved donor WBCs, stored for as long as 7 years, were assessed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Total nucleated cell (TNC) cell recovery, CD3+ cell recovery, and TNC viability were measured in 311 clinical donor WBC products: 168 products were unmanipulated or minimally manipulated and 143 products were extensively manipulated. An additional 45 products were selected because they were stored for a longer duration; these were tested using both standard methods and global transcriptional analysis. All products were cryopreserved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plus 6% pentastarch and stored in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS The mean duration of storage of the 311 products was 143 days. Their TNC recovery was 92 ± 17%, CD3+ cell recovery was 76 ± 19%, and the TNC viability was 84 ± 6%. Duration of storage had no effect on TNC recovery, CD3+ cell recovery, or TNC viability of the 311 products. The mean duration of storage of the long-term stored products was 5.2 years; their TNC recovery (93 ± 14%) and the TNC viability (78 ± 13%) did not differ from the 311 products, but their CD3 cell recovery was greater (86 ± 22%; p = 0.0042). Gene expression profiles of the long-term-stored products revealed no differences due to storage duration. CONCLUSIONS Donor WBC products cryopreserved in 5% DMSO and 6% pentastarch can be stored in liquid nitrogen for at least 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1184, USA.
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Zinno F, Landi F, Scerpa MC, Aureli V, Lanti A, Ceccarelli S, Caniglia M, Miele MJ, Daniele N, Landolfo A, Cometa AM, Locatelli F, Isacchi G. Processing of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood before cryopreservation: use of a closed automated system. Transfusion 2011; 51:2656-63. [PMID: 21599671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is commonly used to treat several oncohematologic diseases. The autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells collected through apheresis (HPC-A) must be cryopreserved and stored before use in vivo. Cell processing that precedes cryopreservation of HPC-A includes volume reduction aimed at reducing the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide used, as well as storage space. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of volume reduction performed with an automated closed system, namely, the Sepax S100 cell separation device (Biosafe SA). A total of 165 procedures were carried out on concentrates collected from 104 adult and pediatric patients. As a control group, 30 HPC-A units processed according to the standard method (i.e., centrifugation at a speed of 850 × g for 10 minutes, followed by manual plasma reduction) were evaluated. RESULTS The volume reduction obtained was 59% (range, 20.54%-84.21%; standard deviation [SD], ± 12.19%), going from 236 mL (range, 100-443 mL; SD, ± 80.41 mL) to 97 mL (range, 33.00-263.00 mL; SD, ± 47.41 mL); recovery of nucleated cells was 90% (range, 64.84%-105.93%; SD, ± 8.76%), while that of CD34+ cells was 91% (range, 59.30%-119.37%; SD, ± 13.30%). These values did not differ from those obtained using the standard method. Automated processing required 20 minutes versus 40 minutes of manual processing. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrate that volume reduction carried out with the Sepax S100 automated system was particularly effective; cell recovery was excellent and the time spent was short. Moreover, the closed system allows cell processing to be carried out in a contamination-controlled environment, in accordance with good manufacturing practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zinno
- Immunohematology Section, Tor Vergata University, and SIMT, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Cox MA, Kastrup J, Hrubiško M. Historical perspectives and the future of adverse reactions associated with haemopoietic stem cells cryopreserved with dimethyl sulfoxide. Cell Tissue Bank 2011; 13:203-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-011-9248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sputtek A, Lioznov M, Kröger N, Rowe AW. Bioequivalence comparison of a new freezing bag (CryoMACS(®)) with the Cryocyte(®) freezing bag for cryogenic storage of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cytotherapy 2010; 13:481-9. [PMID: 21077731 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.529891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS We investigated two different plastic freezing bags, namely the most recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CryoMACS(®) freezing bag (200-074-402) from Miltenyi Biotec and the familiar Cryocyte(®) freezing bag (R4R9955) from (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL, United States) for the cryogenic storage of human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). METHODS The study material consisted of 12 frozen HPC pairs (= 24 transplant units) that were no longer needed for autologous treatment of patients. After thawing, one unit of a pair was transferred into the Miltenyi (M) bag; the other unit remained in the original Baxter (B) bag. After refreezing both units, all units were stored again under cryogenic conditions either partially immersed in liquid nitrogen (n = 22) or in the vapor phase over liquid nitrogen, n = 2, <-170°) before thawing. RESULTS The correlation coefficients (r) between the results obtained from the two bag types were high for white blood cells (WBC) content (r = 0.98), mononuclear cells (MNC) (r = 0.97), lymphocytes (r = 0.98), monocytes (r = 0.96), membrane integrity (r = 0.93), concentration of 'free' hemoglobin (r = 0.97) and hemolysis rate (r = 0.95). With regard to clonogenicity, there were no significant differences (Student's paired t-test) for the three parameters investigated [i.e. total number of colonies, including the numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The CryoMACS freezing bag 200-074-402 is bioequivalent to the Cryocyte freezing container R4R9955. An advantageous feature of the CryoMACS is that its double-sterile wrapping provides additional safety regarding potential cross-contamination during cryogenic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sputtek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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Hayakawa J, Joyal EG, Gildner JF, Washington KN, Phang OA, Uchida N, Hsieh MM, Tisdale JF. 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and pentastarch improves cryopreservation of cord blood cells over 10% DMSO. Transfusion 2010; 50:2158-66. [PMID: 20492608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell number and viability are important in cord blood (CB) transplantation. While 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the standard medium, adding a starch to freezing medium is increasingly utilized as a cytoprotectant for the thawing process. Similar to hetastarch, pentastarch has the advantages of faster renal clearance and less effect on the coagulation system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We compared a lower DMSO concentration (5%) containing pentastarch with 10% DMSO and performed cell viability assay, colony-forming units (CFUs), and transplantation of CB cells in NOD/SCID IL2Rγ(null) mice. RESULTS CB cells in 5% DMSO/pentastarch had similar CD34+, CD3+, and CD19+ cell percentages after thawing as fresh CB cells. CB cells in 5% DMSO/pentastarch had higher viability (83.3±9.23%) than those frozen in 10% DMSO (75.3±11.0%, p<0.05). We monitored cell viability postthaw every 30 minutes. The mean loss in the first 30 minutes was less in the 5% DMSO/pentastarch group. At the end of 3 hours, the viability decreased by a mean of 7.75% for the 5% DMSO/pentastarch and 17.5% for the 10% DMSO groups. CFUs were similar between the two cryopreserved groups. Frozen CB cells engrafted equally well in IL2Rγ(null) mice compared to fresh CB cells up to 24 weeks, and CB cells frozen in 5% DMSO/pentastarch engrafted better than those in 10% DMSO. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the lower DMSO concentration with pentastarch represents an improvement in the CB cryopreservation process and could have wider clinical application as an alternate freezing medium over 10% DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hayakawa
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch (MCHB), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders (NIDDK), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Thirumala S, Gimble JM, Devireddy RV. Evaluation of methylcellulose and dimethyl sulfoxide as the cryoprotectants in a serum-free freezing media for cryopreservation of adipose-derived adult stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:513-22. [PMID: 19788372 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective techniques for the cryopreservation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells (ASCs) could increase the usefulness of these cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To this end, we investigated the post-freeze/thaw viability and apoptotic behavior of Passage 1 (P1) adult stem cells (ASCs) in 11 different media: (i) the traditional media containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 80% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), (ii) DMEM with 80% human serum (HS) and 10% DMSO, (iii) DMEM with 1% methyl cellulose (MC) and 10% of either HS or FCS or DMSO, and (iv) DMEM with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% DMSO. Approximately 1 mL (10(6) cells/mL) of P1 ASCs were frozen overnight in a -80 degrees C freezer and stored in liquid nitrogen for 2 weeks before being rapidly thawed in a 37 degrees C water bath (1-2 min of agitation), resuspended in culture media, and seeded in separate wells of a 6-well plate for a 24-h incubation period at 37 degrees C. After 24 h, the thawed samples were analyzed by bright-field microscopy and flow cytometry. The results suggest that the absence of DMSO (and the presence of MC) significantly increases the fraction of apoptotic and/or necrotic ASCs. However, the percentage of viable cells obtained with 2% DMSO and DMEM was comparable with that obtained in freezing media with 10% DMSO and 80% serum (HS or FCS), that is, approximately 84% +/- 5% and approximately 84% +/- 8%, respectively. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation behavior of the frozen thawed cells was also assessed using histochemical staining. Our results suggest that post-thaw ASC viability, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiability can be maintained even when they are frozen in the absence of serum but with a minimal concentration of 2% DMSO in DMEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Thirumala
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Combination of intensive chemotherapy and anticancer vaccines in the treatment of human malignancies: the hematological experience. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:692097. [PMID: 20625438 PMCID: PMC2896720 DOI: 10.1155/2010/692097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have demonstrated that cancer-specific T cell cytotoxicity can be induced both ex vivo and in vivo, but this therapeutic strategy should probably be used as an integrated part of a cancer treatment regimen. Initial chemotherapy should be administered to reduce the cancer cell burden and disease-induced immune defects. This could be followed by autologous stem cell transplantation that is a safe procedure including both high-dose disease-directed chemotherapy and the possibility for ex vivo enrichment of the immunocompetent graft cells. The most intensive conventional chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation are used especially in the treatment of aggressive hematologic malignancies; both strategies induce T cell defects that may last for several months but cancer-specific T cell reactivity is maintained after both procedures. Enhancement of anticancer T cell cytotoxicity is possible but posttransplant vaccination therapy should probably be combined with optimalisation of immunoregulatory networks. Such combinatory regimens should be suitable for patients with aggressive hematological malignancies and probably also for other cancer patients.
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Ma XH, Shi Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Fan WX, Ge D, Liu TQ, Cui ZF. Slow-freezing cryopreservation of neural stem cell spheres with different diameters. Cryobiology 2010; 60:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Clarke DM, Yadock DJ, Nicoud IB, Mathew AJ, Heimfeld S. Improved post-thaw recovery of peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells using a novel intracellular-like cryopreservation solution. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:472-9. [PMID: 19499402 DOI: 10.1080/14653240902887242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) have become the preferred stem cell source for autologous hematopoietic transplantation. A critical aspect of this treatment modality is cryopreservation of the stem cell products, which permits temporal separation of the PBSC mobilization/collection phase from the subsequent high-dose therapy. While controlled rate-freezing and liquid nitrogen storage have become 'routine' practice in many cell-processing facilities, there is clearly room for improvement as current cryopreservation media formulations still result in significant loss and damage to the stem/progenitor cell populations essential for engraftment, and can also expose the patients to relatively undefined serum components and larger volumes of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) that can contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the transplant therapy. METHODS This study compared cryopreservation of PBSC in a novel intracellular-like, fully defined, serum- and protein-free preservation solution, CryoStor (BioLife Solutions Inc.), with a standard formulation used by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC). Briefly, human PBSC apheresis specimens were collected and 5 x 10(7) cells/1 mL sample vial were prepared for cryopreservation in the following solutions: (a) FHCRC standard, Normosol-R, 5% human serum albumin (HAS) and 10% DMSO; and (b) CryoStor CS10 (final diluted concentration of 5% DMSO). A standard controlled-rate freezing program was employed, and frozen vials were stored in the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer for a minimum of 1 week. Vials were then thawed and evaluated for total nucleated cell count (TNC), viability, CD34 and granulocytes by flow cytometry, along with colony-forming activity in methylcellulose. RESULTS The PBSC samples frozen in CryoStor CS10 yielded significantly improved post-thaw recoveries for total viable CD34(+), colony-forming units (CFU) and granulocytes. Specifically, relative to the FHCRC standard formulation, cryopreservation with CS10 resulted in an average 1.8-fold increased recovery of viable CD34(+) cells (P=0.005), a 1.5-fold increase in CFU-granulocyte-macrophage (GM) numbers (P=0.030) and a 2.3-fold increase in granulocyte recovery (P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that use of CryoStor for cryopreservation can yield significantly improved recovery and in vitro functionality of stem/progenitor cells in PBSC products. In addition, it is important to note that these improved recoveries were obtained while not introducing any extra serum or serum-derived proteins, and reducing the final concentration/volume of DMSO by half. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are clearly necessary; however, these findings imply use of CryoStor for cryopreservation could result in improved engraftment for those patients with a lower content of CD34(+) cells in their PBSC collections, along with reducing the requirement for additional apheresis collections and decreasing the risk of adverse infusion reactions associated with higher exposure to DMSO.
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Liseth K, Ersvaer E, Abrahamsen JF, Nesthus I, Ryningen A, Bruserud Ø. Long-term cryopreservation of autologous stem cell grafts: a clinical and experimental study of hematopoietic and immunocompetent cells. Transfusion 2009; 49:1709-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Akkök ÇA, Liseth K, Hervig T, Ryningen A, Bruserud Ø, Ersvær E. Use of different DMSO concentrations for cryopreservation of autologous peripheral blood stem cell grafts does not have any major impact on levels of leukocyte-and platelet-derived soluble mediators. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:749-60. [DOI: 10.3109/14653240902980443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Akkök ÇA, Liseth K, Nesthus I, Løkeland T, Tefre K, Bruserud Ø, Abrahamsen JF. Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells cryopreserved with 5 and 10 percent dimethyl sulfoxide alone give comparable hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. Transfusion 2008; 48:877-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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