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Tsukamoto T. Recent advances in atomic cluster synthesis: a perspective from chemical elements. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38651597 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite its potential significance, "cluster chemistry" remains a somewhat marginalized topic within the chemistry field. However, atomic clusters with their unusual and unique structures and properties represent a novel material group situated between molecules and nanoparticles or solid matter, judging from both scientific standpoints and historical backgrounds. Surveying an entire material group, including all substances that can be regarded as a cluster, is essential for establishing cluster chemistry as a more prominent chemistry field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding by categorizing, summarizing, and reviewing clusters, focusing on their constituent elements in the periodic table. However, because numerous disparate synthetic processes have been individually developed to date, their straightforward and uniform classification is a challenging task. As such, comprehensively reviewing this field from a chemical composition viewpoint presents significant obstacles. It should be therefore noted that despite adopting a synthetic method-based classification in this review, the discussions presented herein could entail inaccuracies. Nevertheless, this unorthodox viewpoint unfolds a new scientific perspective which accentuates the common ground between different development processes by emphasizing the lack of a definitive border between their synthetic methods and material groups, thus opening new avenues for cementing cluster chemistry as an attractive chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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2
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Qiao Y, Zou J, Fei W, Fan W, You Q, Zhao Y, Li MB, Wu Z. Building Block Metal Nanocluster-Based Growth in 1D Direction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305556. [PMID: 37849043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters with precisely modulated structures at the nanoscale give us the opportunity to synthesize and investigate 1D nanomaterials at the atomic level. Herein, it realizes selective 1D growth of building block nanocluster "Au13 Cd2 " into three structurally different nanoclusters: "hand-in-hand" (Au13 Cd2 )2 O, "head-to-head" Au25 , and "shoulder-to-shoulder" Au33 . Detailed studies further reveals the growth mechanism and the growth-related tunable properties. This work provides new hints for the predictable structural transformation of nanoclusters and atomically precise construction of 1D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qiao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiafeng Zou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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3
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Ren Z, Sun JJ, Xu L, Luo P, Ma ZW, Li S, Si YB, Dong XY, Pan F. X-ray-triggered through-space charge transfer and photochromism in silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2662-2671. [PMID: 38230765 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting X-ray-induced photochromism have consistently piqued the interest of researchers. Exploring the photochromic properties of such materials is valuable for understanding the structural changes and electron transfer processes that occur under high energy radiation, such as X-ray irradiation. Here, a crystalline silver(I) nanocluster synthesized from tert-butylacetylene silver was found to have the ability to exhibit color and photoluminescence changes upon exposure to X-ray radiation. The responsive behavior was observed across a wide temperature range of 100-300 K, with the ability to respond particularly well to soft X-rays (λ > 1 Å) and exhibit light responsiveness to hard X-rays (λ < 1 Å). By combining experimental findings including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, etc. with theoretical calculations, we have proposed that X-ray irradiation induces electron transfer from chloride (Cl-) located in the center of the silver(I) nanocluster to the surrounding Ag14 in the skeleton. This represents the first documented example in which electron transfer induced by X-ray excitation has been observed, accompanied by a photochromism process, in silver nanoclusters. This study contributes to our understanding of X-ray-induced photochromism and the electron transfer process in silver cluster compounds. It also provides valuable insights and potential design strategies for applications such as photochromism, photoluminescence color change, and photoenergy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Jun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Long Xu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Wei Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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4
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Horita Y, Hossain S, Ishimi M, Zhao P, Sera M, Kawawaki T, Takano S, Niihori Y, Nakamura T, Tsukuda T, Ehara M, Negishi Y. Clarifying the Electronic Structure of Anion-Templated Silver Nanoclusters by Optical Absorption Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23533-23540. [PMID: 37862604 PMCID: PMC10623570 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structures of anion-templated silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) are not well understood compared to conventional, template-free Ag NCs. In this study, we synthesized three new anion-templated Ag NCs, namely [S@Ag17(S-4CBM)15(PPh3)5]0, [S@Ag18(S-4CBM)16(PPh3)8]0, and [Cl@Ag18(S-4CBM)16(PPh3)8][PPh4], where S-4CBM = 4-chlorobenzene methanethiolate, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed that they have S@Ag6, S@Ag10, and Cl@Ag10 cores, respectively. Investigation of their electronic structures by optical spectroscopy and theoretical calculations elucidated the following unique features: (1) their electronic structures are different from those of template-free Ag NCs described by the superatomic concept; (2) optical absorption in the range of 550-400 nm for S2--templated Ag NCs is attributed to the charge transitions from S2--templated Ag-cage orbitals to the s-shaped orbital in the S2- moiety; (3) the Cl--templated Ag NCs can be viewed as [Cl@Ag18(S-4CBM)16(PPh3)8]0[PPh4]0 rather than the ion pair [Cl@Ag18(S-4CBM)16(PPh3)8]-[PPh4]+; and (4) singlet-coupled singly occupied orbitals are involved in the optical absorption of the Cl--templated Ag NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Horita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Research
Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Mai Ishimi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Pei Zhao
- Institute
for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Miyu Sera
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Research
Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute
for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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5
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Mukherjee S, Chandrashekar P, Aby IE, Mittal S, Varghese A, Pathak B, Mandal S. Quasi-Isomeric Anion-Templated Silver Nanoclusters: Effect of Bulkiness on Luminescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8548-8554. [PMID: 37724876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Anion-templated silver nanoclusters are fascinating to study because of their diverse structures, which are dictated by the nature of both anions and ligands. Here, we used the bulky 1-ethynyladamantane as one of the protecting ligands alongside trifluoracetate to successfully synthesize a chlorine-templated silver nanocluster─Cl@Ag19(C12H15)11(C2O2F3)7. Elucidation of its structure by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the structure to be a chlorine-centered Ag19 cage with protection by alkynyl and carboxylic ligands. This cluster is non-emissive at room temperature and showed green emission with a large Stokes shift at low temperature. The crystal structure was found to be quasi-isomeric with a previously reported Ag19 cluster protected by tert-butyl acetylene, which is emissive at room temperature. Detailed photoluminescence studies and structure-property correlation revealed that the arrangement of the silver skeleton which is influenced by the bulky substituent of the ligand might be responsible for the difference in emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Priyanka Chandrashekar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Irin Elizabeth Aby
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India 453552
| | - Anish Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India 453552
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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Jordan DN, Straßburg PG, Woschko D, Carrella LM, Cuignet LP, Eickmeier K, Dronskowski R, Garcia Y, Rentschler E, Janiak C. Interpenetration Phenomena via Anion Template Effects in Fe(II) and Co(II) Coordination Networks with a Bis-(1,2,4-triazole) Ligand. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3286. [PMID: 37571180 PMCID: PMC10422438 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new coordination networks, [Fe(tbbt)3](BF4)2 (1), [Co(tbbt)3](BF4)2 (2), [Fe(tbbt)3](ClO4)2 (3), [Co(tbbt)3](ClO4)2 (4), [Fe(NCS)2(tbbt)2] (5), [Co(NCS)2(tbbt)2] (6), and [Fe(H2O)2(tbbt)2]Br2·2H2O (7), were synthesized with the linker 1,1'-(trans-2-butene-1,4-diyl)bis-1,2,4-triazole (tbbt) and structurally investigated. The structure of complexes 1-4 is composed of three interpenetrating, symmetry-related 3D networks. Each individual 3D network forms a primitive, nearly cubic lattice (pcu) with BF4- or ClO4- anions present in the interstitial spaces. The structure of compounds 5 and 6 is composed of two-dimensional sql layers, which are parallel to each other in the AB stacking type. These layers are interpenetrated by one-dimensional chains, both having the same formula unit, [M(NCS)2(tbbt)2] (M = Fe, Co). The structure of compound 7 consists of parallel, two-dimensional sql layers in the ABCD stacking type. The interpenetration in 1-6 is not controlled by π-π-interactions between the triazole rings or C=C bonds, as could have been expected, but by (triazole)C-H⋯F4B, C-H⋯O4Cl, and C-H⋯SCN anion hydrogen bonds, which suggests a template effect of the respective non-coordinated or coordinated anion for the interpenetration. In 7, the (triazole)C-H⋯Br anion interactions are supplemented by O-H⋯O and O-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds involving the aqua ligand and crystal water molecules. It is evident that the coordinated and non-coordinated anions play an essential role in the formation of the networks and guide the interpenetration. All iron(II) coordination networks are colorless, off-white to yellow-orange, and have the metal ions in the high-spin state down to 77 K. Compound 5 stays in the high spin state even at temperatures down to 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin N. Jordan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.N.J.); (P.G.S.); (D.W.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Patrick G. Straßburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.N.J.); (P.G.S.); (D.W.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Dennis Woschko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.N.J.); (P.G.S.); (D.W.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Laure P. Cuignet
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.N.J.); (P.G.S.); (D.W.); (L.P.C.)
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Katharina Eickmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; (K.E.); (R.D.)
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; (K.E.); (R.D.)
| | - Yann Garcia
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.N.J.); (P.G.S.); (D.W.); (L.P.C.)
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7
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Artem'ev AV, Liu CW. Recent progress in dichalcophosphate coinage metal clusters and superatoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37184074 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise clusters of group 11 metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) attract considerable attention owing to their remarkable structure and fascinating properties. One of the unique subclasses of these clusters is based on dichalcophosphate ligands of [(RO)2PE2]- type (E = S or Se, and R = alkyl). These ligands successfully stabilise the most diverse Cu, Ag, and Au clusters and superatoms, spanning from simple ones to amazing assemblies featuring unusual structural and bonding patterns. It is noteworthy that such complicated clusters are assembled directly from cheap and simple reagents, metal(I) salts and dichalcophosphate anions. This reaction, when performed in the presence of a hydride or other anion sources, or foreign metal ions, results in hydrido- or anion-templated homo- or heteronuclear structures. In this feature article, we survey the recent advances in this exciting field, highlighting the powerful synthetic capabilities of the system "a metal(I) salt - [(RO)2PX2]- ligands - a templating anion or borohydride" as an inexhaustible platform for the creation of new atomically precise clusters, superatoms, and nanoalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Artem'ev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C W Liu
- National Dong Hwa University, Department of Chemistry, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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