1
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Shang P, Zhao G, Wang A, Mao J, Tao Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Guo C. SET/PP2A signaling regulates macrophage positioning in hypoxic tumor regions by amplifying chemotactic responses. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1741-1755. [PMID: 36224346 PMCID: PMC9636225 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the main cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In many types of solid tumors, TAMs tend to accumulate in hypoxic areas and are intimately related to poor patient prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TAMs infiltrate hypoxic tumor regions remain unclear. In this study, we report that genetic deletion of SE translocation (SET) in myeloid cells inhibited the entry of TAMs into the hypoxic tumor region and abated their proangiogenic and immunosuppressive functions, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. Mechanistically, in response to hypoxic tumor supernatant stimulation, SET in macrophages shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm via the PKC-CK2α signaling axis. Cytoplasmic retention of SET increased ERK and P38 signaling by inhibiting PP2A, which promoted TAM migration into the hypoxic area and polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Therefore, we conclude that SET modulates tumor immunity by acting as a key regulator of macrophage positioning and function in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Zhang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhou
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengzhao Shang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guomeng Zhao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Anlei Wang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinlei Mao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuhang Tao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Changying Guo
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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2
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Zhou M, Zou X, Cheng K, Zhong S, Su Y, Wu T, Tao Y, Cong L, Yan B, Jiang Y. The role of cell-penetrating peptides in potential anti-cancer therapy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e822. [PMID: 35593206 PMCID: PMC9121317 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex physiological structure, microenvironment and multiple physiological barriers, traditional anti-cancer drugs are severely restricted from reaching the tumour site. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are typically made up of 5-30 amino acids, and can be utilised as molecular transporters to facilitate the passage of therapeutic drugs across physiological barriers. Up to now, CPPs have widely been used in many anti-cancer treatment strategies, serving as an excellent potential choice for oncology treatment. However, their drawbacks, such as the lack of cell specificity, short duration of action, poor stability in vivo, compatibility problems (i.e. immunogenicity), poor therapeutic efficacy and formation of unwanted metabolites, have limited their further application in cancer treatment. The cellular uptake mechanisms of CPPs involve mainly endocytosis and direct penetration, but still remain highly controversial in academia. The CPPs-based drug delivery strategy could be improved by clever design or chemical modifications to develop the next-generation CPPs with enhanced cell penetration capability, stability and selectivity. In addition, some recent advances in targeted cell penetration that involve CPPs provide some new ideas to optimise CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suye Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangzhou Su
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Kohyanagi N, Kitamura N, Tanaka K, Mizuno T, Fujiwara N, Ohama T, Sato K. The protein level of the tumor-promoting factor SET is regulated by cell density. J Biochem 2022; 171:295-303. [PMID: 35076073 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SET/I2PP2A is a multifunctional protein that acts as an intrinsic inhibitor of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A and as a histone chaperone. Increased SET levels have been observed in various cancers; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that SET protein accumulates with the increasing density of cultured cells. This phenomenon was observed not only in cancer cell lines but also in non-cancer cell lines. The mRNA levels of SET were not affected by the cell density. Proteasome inhibition decreased SET levels, whereas autophagy inhibition led to SET accumulation, indicating the involvement of autophagy. The mRNA and protein expression of SETBP1, which stabilizes the SET protein, increased with cell density. The decrease in SET level due to the loss of SETBP1 was more pronounced in wild-type cells than that in autophagy-deficient cells. These results have revealed a mechanism underlying the regulation of SET level, wherein increased cell density induces SETBP1 expression and protects SET from autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kohyanagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Nao Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 794-8555 Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics
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4
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Serifi I, Besta S, Karetsou Z, Giardoglou P, Beis D, Niewiadomski P, Papamarcaki T. Targeting of SET/I2PP2A oncoprotein inhibits Gli1 transcription revealing a new modulator of Hedgehog signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13940. [PMID: 34230583 PMCID: PMC8260731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation, is critical for the development of nearly every tissue and organ in vertebrates and is also involved in tumorigenesis. In this study, we characterize the oncoprotein SET/I2PP2A as a novel regulator of Hh signaling. Our previous work has shown that the zebrafish homologs of SET are expressed during early development and localized in the ciliated organs. In the present work, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of setb gene in zebrafish embryos resulted in cyclopia, a characteristic patterning defect previously reported in Hh mutants. Consistent with these findings, targeting setb gene using CRISPR/Cas9 or a setb morpholino, reduced Gli1-dependent mCherry expression in the Hedgehog reporter zebrafish line Tg(12xGliBS:mCherry-NLS). Likewise, SET loss of function by means of pharmacological inhibition and gene knockdown prevented the increase of Gli1 expression in mammalian cells in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of SET resulted in an increase of the expression of a Gli-dependent luciferase reporter, an effect likely attributable to the relief of the Sufu-mediated inhibition of Gli1. Collectively, our data support the involvement of SET in Gli1-mediated transcription and suggest the oncoprotein SET/I2PP2A as a new modulator of Hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Serifi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Simoni Besta
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Zoe Karetsou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Giardoglou
- Developmental Biology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomais Papamarcaki
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece. .,Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece.
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5
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Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is a major hallmark of cancer cells and believed to drive tumor progression. Several cellular defects including weak centromeric cohesion are proposed to promote CIN, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects are poorly understood. In a screening for SET protein levels in various cancer cell lines, we found that most of the cancer cells exhibit higher SET protein levels than nontransformed cells, including RPE-1. Cancer cells with elevated SET often show weak centromeric cohesion, revealed by MG132-induced cohesion fatigue. Partial SET knockdown largely strengthens centromeric cohesion in cancer cells without increasing overall phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. Pharmacologically increased PP2A activity in these cancer cells barely ameliorates centromeric cohesion. These results suggest that compromised PP2A activity, a common phenomenon in cancer cells, may not be responsible for weak centromeric cohesion. Furthermore, centromeric cohesion in cancer cells can be strengthened by ectopic Sgo1 overexpression and weakened by SET WT, not by Sgo1-binding-deficient mutants. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that SET overexpression contributes to impaired centromeric cohesion in cancer cells and illustrate misregulated SET-Sgo1 pathway as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Tianhua Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.,Tulane Aging Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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6
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Girisa S, Rana V, Parama D, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Differential roles of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in modulating apoptosis in cancer cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 126:63-90. [PMID: 34090620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The conventional treatment strategies of cancer are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, in the advanced stage of the disease chemotherapy is the prime treatment and it is effective in only less than 10% of the patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out novel therapeutic targets and delineate the mechanism of action of these targets for better management of this disease. Recent studies have shown that some of the proteins have differential role in different cancers. Therefore, it is pertinent that the targeting of these proteins should be based on the type of cancer. The nuclear receptor, FXR, is one of the vital proteins that regulate cell apoptosis. Besides, it also regulates other processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. Studies suggest that the low or high expression of FXR is associated with the progression of carcinogenesis depending on the cancer types. Due to the diverse expression, it functions as both tumor suppressor and promoter. Previous studies suggest the overexpression of FXR in breast, lung, esophageal, and prostate cancer, which is related to poor survival and poor prognosis in patients. Therefore, targeting FXR with agonists and antagonists play different outcome in different cancers. Hence, this review describes the role of FXR in different cancers and the role of its inhibitors and activators for the prevention and treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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7
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Functioning mechanisms of Shugoshin-1 in centromeric cohesion during mitosis. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:289-297. [PMID: 32451529 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of centromeric cohesion is required for faithful chromosome segregation that prevents chromosomal instability. Extensive studies have identified and established the conserved protein Shugoshin (Sgo1/2) as an essential protector for centromeric cohesion. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) protects centromeric cohesion at the molecular level. Targeting of Sgo1 to inner centromeres is required for its proper function of cohesion protection. We therefore discuss about the molecular mechanisms that install Sgo1 onto inner centromeres. At metaphase-to-anaphase transition, Sgo1 at inner centromeres needs to be disabled for the subsequent sister-chromatid segregation. A few recent studies suggest interesting models to explain how it is achieved. These models are discussed as well.
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8
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Shih CT, Shiau CW, Chen YL, Chen LJ, Chao TI, Wang CY, Huang CY, Hung MH, Chen KF. TD-92, a novel erlotinib derivative, depletes tumor-associated macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulation of CSF-1R and enhances the anti-tumor effects of anti-PD-1. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:142-151. [PMID: 33232786 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibition, which augment T-cell immune responses, have highlighted the potential of exploiting one's immune system to combat cancer. However, only a relatively small number of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, combination immunotherapies are now being developed to achieve maximal therapeutic benefits. In this study, we assessed whether a novel erlotinib derivative, TD-92, which possesses anti-tumor effects across several cancer cell lines, could enhance anti-PD-1 treatment. Our results demonstrated that the combined treatment of anti-PD-1 and TD-92 resulted in a potent anti-tumor response in a Lewis lung carcinoma cancer model, as evidenced by the reduced tumor growth and increased survival. Analysis of immune cell population counts revealed that TD-92 reduced the number of pro-tumorigenic CD11b+ F4/80+ tumor-associated macrophages, without significantly affecting the total numbers of other major immunocytes. Further experiments showed that TD-92 induced a marked decline in colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) expression in macrophage cell lines. The results also suggested that c-Cbl-mediated proteasome degradation was involved in TD-92-mediated CSF-1R downregulation. Our data paves the way for the development of additional combination immunotherapies for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Shih
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Santos A, Torrejón B, Caramés C, Imedio L, Mariblanca S, Luque M, Sanz-Alvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-199b Downregulation Confers Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil Treatment and Predicts Poor Outcome and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061655. [PMID: 32580513 PMCID: PMC7352382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy followed by mesorectal excision is the current standard treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and the lack of complete response represents a major problem that compromises long-term patient survival. However, there is a lack of robust established markers predictive of response to this preoperative treatment available in the clinical routine. The tumor suppressor microRNA (miR)-199b directly targets the PP2A inhibitor SET, which has been involved in 5-FU resistance, and its downregulation has been found to correlate with poor outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, we studied the functional effects of miR-199b on 5-FU sensitivity after its ectopic modulation, and its expression was quantified by real-time-PCR in a cohort of 110 LARC patients to evaluate its potential clinical significance. Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that miR-199b enhances the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU in a SET-dependent manner, and that both miR-199b overexpression and SET inhibition are able to overcome resistance to this drug using an acquired 5-FU-resistant model. MiR-199b was found downregulated in 26.4% of cases and was associated with positive lymph node levels after chemoradiotherapy (CRT, p = 0.007) and high pathological stage (p = 0.029). Moreover, miR-199b downregulation determined shorter overall (p = 0.003) and event-free survival (p = 0.005), and was an independent predictor of poor response to preoperative CRT (p = 0.004). In conclusion, our findings highlight the clinical impact of miR-199b downregulation predicting poor outcome and pathological response in LARC, and suggest the miR-199b/SET signaling axis as a novel molecular target to prevent the development of resistance to 5-FU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Torrejón
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Imedio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Mariblanca
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Alvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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10
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Zhu J, Shi L, Du G, Li L, Liu M. Upregulated SET Promotes Cell Survival Through Activating Akt/NF-κB Signal in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4735-4745. [PMID: 32606964 PMCID: PMC7310974 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s255930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SET has been proven to be an oncogene, which promotes the initiation and progression in several kinds of malignant carcinomas. However, the expression and its functional roles in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remained unknown. Materials and Methods CRC tissues samples, CRC cell lines and xenograft mouse tumors were used in this study. The mRNA and protein expressions were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB), respectively. siRNAs were used to silence the gene expression. Cell viability, cell proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis were measured by MTS assay, EdU incorporation assay, plated colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was applied to evaluate the levels of Akt, p-Akt, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Xenograft mouse model was performed to observe the role of SET in vivo. Results Our results revealed that SET was up-regulated in CRC, and the expression of SET was increased with the development of CRC. SET knockdown in vitro attenuated cell proliferation activity, and increased cell apoptosis in CRC cells. Moreover, the knockdown of SET reduces tumorigenic potential in nude mice. For the mechanism, knockdown of SET promoted the dephosphorylation of Akt, followed by suppressing the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus. In addition, SET knockdown-mediated dephosphorylation of Akt downregulated the expression of c-Myc and Cyclin D1, which inhibited the cell survival in CRC. Conclusion Our results indicated that SET promoted cell survival via activating Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in CRC, which strongly suggested that SET might be a potential therapeutic target in the colorectal carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Medical Cellular Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Genlai Du
- Department of Medical Cellular Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical Cellular Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Cellular Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mandemaker IK, Zhou D, Bruens ST, Dekkers DH, Verschure PJ, Edupuganti RR, Meshorer E, Demmers JAA, Marteijn JA. Histone H1 eviction by the histone chaperone SET reduces cell survival following DNA damage. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235473. [PMID: 32184266 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chromatin remodeling and modifying proteins are involved in the DNA damage response, where they stimulate repair or induce DNA damage signaling. Interestingly, we identified that downregulation of the histone H1 (H1)-interacting protein SET results in increased resistance to a wide variety of DNA damaging agents. We found that this increased resistance does not result from alleviation of an inhibitory effect of SET on DNA repair but, rather, is the consequence of a suppressed apoptotic response to DNA damage. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the histone chaperone SET is responsible for the eviction of H1 from chromatin. Knockdown of H1 in SET-depleted cells resulted in re-sensitization of cells to DNA damage, suggesting that the increased DNA damage resistance in SET-depleted cells is the result of enhanced retention of H1 on chromatin. Finally, clonogenic survival assays showed that SET and p53 act epistatically in the attenuation of DNA damage-induced cell death. Taken together, our data indicate a role for SET in the DNA damage response as a regulator of cell survival following genotoxic stress.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke K Mandemaker
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Di Zhou
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena T Bruens
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H Dekkers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pernette J Verschure
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raghu R Edupuganti
- The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Mu G, Chen F. Oncogenic Roles Of A Histone Methyltransferase SETDB2 In AML1-ETO Positive AML. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:783-792. [PMID: 32099474 PMCID: PMC7007814 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s227036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction AML1-ETO produced by t(8;21) abnomality has multiple effects on the leukemogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). SET domain, bifurcated 2 (SETDB2) can mediate gene silencing by trimethylation of the ninth lysine residue of histone H3 protein (H3K9) of the promoter and has been confirmed as an oncogene in many cancers. The role of SETDB2 in AML1-ETO positive AML is not clear. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to measure SETDB2 expression in bone marrow from AML patients and healthy people. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to investigate the effect of SETDB2 on prognosis of AML patients. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of AML1-ETO on SETDB2. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were performed to measure the effect of SETDB2 on leukemic cells. Results SETDB2 is highly expressed in AML1-ETO positive AML. The overall survival, event-free and relapse-free survival rate of patients with high SETDB2 expression was lower than those of patients with low SETDB2 expression. SETDB2 is epigenetically upregulated by AML1-ETO fusion protein. Downregulation of SETDB2 expression significantly inhibits the proliferation and clonality of leukemic cells and promotes the sensitivity of leukemic cells to an epigenetic inhibitor JQ1. Conclusion AML1-ETO/SETDB2 is a novel epigenetic pathway of leukemogenesis and SETDB2 is a potential therapeutic target of t(8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Mu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
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13
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Qu Q, Zhang Q, Yang L, Chen Y, Liu H. SET binding to Sgo1 inhibits Sgo1-cohesin interactions and promotes chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2514-2528. [PMID: 31227592 PMCID: PMC6683731 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
At anaphase onset, Sgo1 function of cohesion protection must be disabled to allow timely chromosome segregation, but how this is achieved is not fully understood. Here, we show that SET, a known PP2A inhibitor, directly binds to a domain in Sgo1 in close proximity to the cohesin-binding motif. The Sgo1-cohesin binding can be disrupted by SET in a dose-dependent manner in vitro as well as by SET overexpression in cells, suggesting that SET is also an inhibitor to the Sgo1-cohesin binding. Furthermore, the SET binding-deficient Sgo1 mutant fully supports centromeric cohesion protection but delays chromosome segregation, suggesting that the SET-Sgo1 binding is required for timely chromosome segregation. Moreover, overexpression of SET WT, not the Sgo1 binding-deficient mutant, exacerbates the occurrence of cohesion fatigue in MG132-arrested cells. Conversely, SET depletion delays it. Thus, we propose that a major function of SET during mitosis is to disrupt the Sgo1-cohesin interaction, thereby promoting centromeric cohesion de-protection and timely chromosome segregation at anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Aging Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Aging Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yujue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Aging Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Aging Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
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14
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Clark AR, Ohlmeyer M. Protein phosphatase 2A as a therapeutic target in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:181-201. [PMID: 31158394 PMCID: PMC6700395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the selective removal of phosphate groups from protein serine and threonine residues. Emerging evidence suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor by constraining phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways that regulate cellular transformation and metastasis. Therefore, PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) are being actively sought and investigated as potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Here we explore the concept that PP2A also constrains inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways, suggesting that PADs may be effective in the treatment of inflammation-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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15
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Yin L, Zeng Y, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Shen H, Dong J. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of SET at serine 7 is essential for its oncogenic activity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 31097686 PMCID: PMC6522553 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SE translocation (SET), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), plays important roles in mitosis and possesses oncogenic activity in several types of cancer. However, little is known regarding its regulation. Here we reveal a novel phosphorylation site of SET isoform 1, and we have determined its biological significance in tumorigenesis. We found that the mitotic kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates SET isoform 1 in vitro and in vivo at serine 7 during antitubulin drug-induced mitotic arrest and normal mitosis. SET deletion resulted in massive multipolar spindles, chromosome misalignment and missegregation, and centrosome amplification during mitosis. Moreover, mitotic phosphorylation of SET isoform 1 is required for cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in xenograft animal models. We further documented that SET phosphorylation affects Akt activity. Collectively, our findings suggest that SET isoform 1 promotes oncogenesis in a mitotic phosphorylation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yongji Zeng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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16
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Deregulation of SET is Associated with Tumor Progression and Predicts Adverse Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030346. [PMID: 30871013 PMCID: PMC6463201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) deregulation is a novel molecular target in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its role in CRC progression and its potential clinical impact in early-stage CRC patients remain unknown. Here, we studied the biological effects of SET on migration using wound-healing and transwell assays, and anchorage-independent cell growth using soft agar colony formation assays after ectopic SET modulation. SET was analyzed by immuno-staining in 231 early-stage CRC patients, and miR-199b expression was quantified by real-time PCR in a set of CRC patients. Interestingly, SET enhances cell migration, markedly affects the colony-forming ability, promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and induces the expression of the MYC proto-oncogene (c-MYC) in CRC cells. SET overexpression was detected in 15.4% of cases and was associated with worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (p = 0.021) and relapse in stage-II CRC patients (p = 0.008). Moreover, SET overexpression predicted shorter overall survival (p < 0.001) and time to metastasis (p < 0.001), and its prognostic value was particularly evident in elderly patients. MiR-199b downregulation was identified as a molecular mechanism to deregulate SET in patients with localized disease. In conclusion, SET overexpression is a common alteration in early-stage CRC, playing an oncogenic role associated with progression and aggressiveness, and portends a poor outcome. Thus, SET emerges as a novel potential molecular target with clinical impact in early-stage in CRC.
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17
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Habault J, Poyet JL. Recent Advances in Cell Penetrating Peptide-Based Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2019; 24:E927. [PMID: 30866424 PMCID: PMC6429072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating-peptides (CPPs) are small amino-acid sequences characterized by their ability to cross cellular membranes. They can transport various bioactive cargos inside cells including nucleic acids, large proteins, and other chemical compounds. Since 1988, natural and synthetic CPPs have been developed for applications ranging from fundamental to applied biology (cell imaging, gene editing, therapeutics delivery). In recent years, a great number of studies reported the potential of CPPs as carriers for the treatment of various diseases. Apart from a good efficacy due to a rapid and potent delivery, a crucial advantage of CPP-based therapies is the peptides low toxicity compared to most drug carriers. On the other hand, they are quite unstable and lack specificity. Higher specificity can be obtained using a cell-specific CPP to transport the therapeutic agent or using a non-specific CPP to transport a cargo with a targeted activity. CPP-cargo complexes can also be conjugated to another moiety that brings cell- or tissue-specificity. Studies based on all these approaches are showing promising results. Here, we focus on recent advances in the potential usage of CPPs in the context of cancer therapy, with a particular interest in CPP-mediated delivery of anti-tumoral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Habault
- INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche St Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche St Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
- c-Dithem, Inserm Consortium for Discovery and Innovation in Therapy and Medicine, 75013 Paris, France.
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18
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Targeting SET to restore PP2A activity disrupts an oncogenic CIP2A-feedforward loop and impairs triple negative breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:263-275. [PMID: 30651219 PMCID: PMC6412013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains difficult to be targeted. SET and cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) are intrinsic protein-interacting inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and frequently overexpressed in cancers, whereas reactivating PP2A activity has been postulated as an anti-cancer strategy. Here we explored this strategy in TNBC. Methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed. TNBC cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The apoptotic cells were examined by flow cytometry and Western blot. A SET-PP2A protein-protein interaction antagonist TD19 was used to disrupt signal transduction. In vivo efficacy of TD19 was tested in MDA-MB-468-xenografted animal model. Findings TCGA data revealed upregulation of SET and CIP2A and positive correlation of these two gene expressions in TNBC tumors. Ectopic SET or CIP2A increased cell viability, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Notably ERK inhibition increased PP2A activity. ERK activation is known crucial for Elk-1 activity, a transcriptional factor regulating CIP2A expression, we hypothesized an oncogenic feedforward loop consisting of pERK/pElk-1/CIP2A/PP2A. This loop was validated by knockdown of PP2A and ectopic expression of Elk-1, showing reciprocal changes in loop members. In addition, ectopic expression of SET increased pAkt, pERK, pElk-1 and CIP2A expressions, suggesting a positive linkage between SET and CIP2A signaling. Moreover, TD19 disrupted this CIP2A-feedforward loop by restoring PP2A activity, demonstrating in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity. Mechanistically, TD19 downregulated CIP2A mRNA via inhibiting pERK-mediated Elk-1 nuclear translocation thereby decreased Elk-1 binding to the CIP2A promoter. Interpretation These findings suggested that a novel oncogenic CIP2A-feedforward loop contributes to TNBC progression and targeting SET to disrupt this oncogenic CIP2A loop showed therapeutic potential in TNBC.
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Huang CY, Hung MH, Shih CT, Hsieh FS, Kuo CW, Tsai MH, Chang SS, Hsiao YJ, Chen LJ, Chao TI, Chen KF. Antagonizing SET Augments the Effects of Radiation Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Reactivation of PP2A-Mediated Akt Downregulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:410-421. [PMID: 29914877 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that SET functions as an oncoprotein and promotes cancer survival and therapeutic resistance. However, whether SET affects radiation therapy (RT)-mediated anticancer effects has not yet been explored. We investigated the impact of SET on RT sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using colony and hepatosphere formation assays, we found that RT-induced proliferative inhibition was critically associated with SET expression. We next tested a novel SET antagonist, N4-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-N2-(4-phenoxyphenyl) quinazoline-2,4-diamine (EMQA), in combination with RT. We showed that additive use of EMQA significantly enhanced the effects of RT against HCC in vitro and in vivo. Notably, compared with mice receiving either RT or EMQA alone, the growth of PLC5 xenografted tumor in mice receiving RT plus EMQA was significantly reduced without compromising treatment tolerability. Furthermore, we proved that antagonizing SET to restore protein phosphatase 2A-mediated phospho-Akt (p-AKT) downregulation was responsible for the synergism between EMQA and RT. Our data demonstrate a new oncogenic property of SET and provide preclinical evidence that combining a SET antagonist and RT may be effective for treatment of HCC. Further investigation is warranted to validate the clinical relevance of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Chi-Ting Shih
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Feng-Shu Hsieh
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Yung-Jen Hsiao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Tzu-I Chao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.H.); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-H.H.); Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (C.-T.S.) and School of Medicine (M.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (F.-S.H., M.-H.T., S.-S.C., Y.-J.H, L.-J.C., K.-F.C.) and National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research (K.-F.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-Y.H., C.-W.K.); and SupremeCure Pharma Inc., Taipei, Taiwan (T.-I.C.)
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