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Shiau BW, Hsu WH, Tsai YW, Wu JY, Liu TH, Huang PY, Chuang MH, Lai CC, Jang LW. Effectiveness of recently-approved oral antiviral medications on the outcome of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38702925 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2351571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effectiveness of the oral antiviral agents nirmatrelvir - ritonavir (NMV-r) and molnupiravir (MOV) for treating mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with COPD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study extracted data from the TriNetX platform and examined 94,984 COVID-19 patients with preexisting COPD from 1 January 2022, to 1 October 2023. Patients receiving NMV-r or MOV (study group) were compared with those not receiving oral antiviral agents (control group) after propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS After PSM, 7,944 patients were classified into the study and control groups. The primary composite outcome of all-cause hospitalization, or death in 30 days was reported in 458 (5.7%) patients in the study group and 566 (7.1%) patients in the control cohort, yielding a hazard ratio [HR] of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-0.89; Table 2). Compared with the control group, the study group had a significantly lower risk of all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.99) and death (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.13-0.35). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that oral antivirals - NMV-r or MOV might improve clinical outcomes in patients with preexisting COPD and COVID-19. However, only a small proportion of preexisting COPD patients with COVID-19 received oral antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Shiau
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Wen Jang
- Department of Emergency, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Nakabembe E, Cooper J, Amaral K, Tusubira V, Hsia Y, Abu-Raya B, Sekikubo M, Nakimuli A, Sadarangani M, Le Doare K. The safety and immunogenicity of vaccines administered to pregnant women living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 69:102448. [PMID: 38333366 PMCID: PMC10850112 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants have a higher burden of infectious diseases related morbidity and mortality compared with HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU). Immunization of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWH) could reduce the severity and burden of infectious diseases for HEU in early infancy. Methods We conducted a systematic review of safety and immunogenicity of vaccines administered to PWLWH and meta-analyses to test the overall effect of immunogenicity comparing pregnant women without HIV (PWWH) to PWLWH. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library and Cochrane databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Review articles, case series, conference abstracts, and animal studies were excluded. Studies were included from inception to 6th September 2023, with no language restrictions. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for immunogenicity using Review manager (RevMan) analysis software version 5.4.1, Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) values were transformed to obtain the mean and standard deviation within RevMan, the effect size was computed and reported as mean difference with respective 95% confidence intervals. The review was registered with PROSPERO CRD42021289081. Findings We included 12 articles, comprising 3744 pregnant women, 1714 were PWLWH given either influenza, pneumococcal or an investigational Group B streptococcal (GBS) vaccine. Five studies described safety outcomes, and no increase in adverse events was reported in PWLWH compared to PWWH. The GMT increase from baseline to 28-35 weeks post vaccination in HA units ranged from 12.4 (95% CI: 9.84-14.9) to 238.8 (95% CI: 0.35-477.9). Meta-analyses of influenza vaccines showed the pooled geometric mean difference in Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) titers post vaccination was 56.01 (95% CI: 45.01-67.01), p < 0.001. The increase was less in PWLWH when compared with PWWH: -141.76 (95% CI: -194.96, -88.55), p < 0.001. Interpretation There are limited data on the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines given to PWLWH making policy consideration in this group difficult when new vaccines are introduced. With new vaccines on the horizon, PWLWH need to be included in studies to promote vaccine confidence for this special population. Funding This work was funded by Medical Research Council Joint Clinical Trials Round 9 [MR/T004983/1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Nakabembe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre for Neonatal and Pediatric Infection, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW170RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Cooper
- Centre for Neonatal and Pediatric Infection, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW170RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Amaral
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Valerie Tusubira
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yingfen Hsia
- Centre for Neonatal and Pediatric Infection, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW170RE, United Kingdom
| | - Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Musa Sekikubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Pediatric Infection, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW170RE, United Kingdom
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda
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3
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Tey SF, Tsai YW, Wu JY, Liu TH, Chuang MH, Hsu WH, Huang PY, Lai CC, Hsu CK. Comparative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 primary and reinfection in older adult patients. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1337646. [PMID: 38435287 PMCID: PMC10904610 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1337646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The outcomes of older adult people acquiring SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was unclear. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of older adult patients with COVID-19 reinfection and those with primary infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical records from the TriNetX Research Network. Older adult patients (aged ≥65 years) with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, were included in the study. The patients were subsequently categorized into reinfection or primary infection groups, according to whether they manifested two distinct COVID-19 episodes with an intervening period of more than 90 days. Propensity score matching was performed for covariate adjustment between the reinfection and primary infection groups. The primary outcome was a composite outcome, including emergency department visits, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation use, and mortality, following primary infection and reinfection. Results After matching, 31,899 patients were identified in both the reinfection and primary infection groups. The risk of primary composite outcomes was 7.15% (n = 2,281) in the reinfection group and 7.53% (n = 2,403) in the primary infection group. No significant difference in the primary outcome was observed between groups (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.02, p = 0.17). In addition, there was no significant differences between the reinfection and primary infection groups in terms of emergency department visit (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.11, p = 0.49), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.02, p = 0.14), intensive care unit admission (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.28, p = 0.62), mechanical ventilation use (HR,1.35 95% CI, 0.69 to 2.64 p = 0.38), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.20, p = 0.62). Conclusion There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between older adult patients with COVID-19 reinfection and those with primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Farn Tey
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Chen CH, Wang CY, Chen CY, Wang YH, Chen KH, Lai CC, Wei YF, Fu PK. The influence of prior use of inhaled corticosteroids on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295366. [PMID: 38241229 PMCID: PMC10798539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on COVID-19 outcomes remains uncertain. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyzing 30 studies, to investigate the impact of ICS on patients with COVID-19. Our study focused on various outcomes, including mortality risk, hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) utilization, and length of hospital stay. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis to assess the effect of ICS on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Our findings suggest that the prior use of ICS did not lead to significant differences in mortality risk, ICU admission, hospitalization, or MV utilization between individuals who had used ICS previously and those who had not. However, in the subgroup analysis of patients with COPD, prior ICS use was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to non-users (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00). Overall, while the use of ICS did not significantly affect COVID-19 outcomes in general, it may have beneficial effects specifically for patients with COPD. Nevertheless, more research is needed to establish a definitive conclusion on the role of ICS in COVID-19 treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021279429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKey Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Kuei Fu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mead MN, Seneff S, Wolfinger R, Rose J, Denhaerynck K, Kirsch S, McCullough PA. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign. Cureus 2024; 16:e52876. [PMID: 38274635 PMCID: PMC10810638 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations and their impact on health and mortality has evolved substantially since the first vaccine rollouts. Published reports from the original randomized phase 3 trials concluded that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could greatly reduce COVID-19 symptoms. In the interim, problems with the methods, execution, and reporting of these pivotal trials have emerged. Re-analysis of the Pfizer trial data identified statistically significant increases in serious adverse events (SAEs) in the vaccine group. Numerous SAEs were identified following the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), including death, cancer, cardiac events, and various autoimmune, hematological, reproductive, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, these products never underwent adequate safety and toxicological testing in accordance with previously established scientific standards. Among the other major topics addressed in this narrative review are the published analyses of serious harms to humans, quality control issues and process-related impurities, mechanisms underlying adverse events (AEs), the immunologic basis for vaccine inefficacy, and concerning mortality trends based on the registrational trial data. The risk-benefit imbalance substantiated by the evidence to date contraindicates further booster injections and suggests that, at a minimum, the mRNA injections should be removed from the childhood immunization program until proper safety and toxicological studies are conducted. Federal agency approval of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on a blanket-coverage population-wide basis had no support from an honest assessment of all relevant registrational data and commensurate consideration of risks versus benefits. Given the extensive, well-documented SAEs and unacceptably high harm-to-reward ratio, we urge governments to endorse a global moratorium on the modified mRNA products until all relevant questions pertaining to causality, residual DNA, and aberrant protein production are answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nathaniel Mead
- Biology and Nutritional Epidemiology, Independent Research, Copper Hill, USA
| | - Stephanie Seneff
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Russ Wolfinger
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Independent Research, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Jessica Rose
- Immunology and Public Health Research, Independent Research, Ottawa, CAN
| | - Kris Denhaerynck
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Independent Research, Basel, CHE
| | - Steve Kirsch
- Data Science, Independent Research, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter A McCullough
- Cardiology, Epidemiology, and Public Health, McCullough Foundation, Dallas, USA
- Cardiology, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Truth for Health Foundation, Tucson, USA
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Liu TH, Wu JY, Huang PY, Hsu WH, Chuang MH, Tsai YW, Lai CC, Huang CY. Clinical efficacy of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir in patients with COVID-19 and preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:121-128. [PMID: 37965890 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2284367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the clinical efficacy of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV-r) in treating patients with COVID-19 who have preexisting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS Patients with underlying CVDs and COVID-19 were included from the TriNetX network. We employed a 1:1 propensity score matching to create two comparable cohorts: patients receiving NMV-r and those not receiving NMV-r. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of all-cause hospitalization or death within 30 days. RESULTS Propensity score matching yielded two matched cohorts of 10,847 patients each. The composite outcomes of all-cause hospitalization or death within 30 days were 2.2% (239 patients) in the NMV-r cohort and 4.7% (512 patients) in the control cohort, indicating reduced risk in the NMV-r cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.475; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0407-0.533). The NMV-r cohort exhibited lower risks of all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0.525; 95% CI, 0.449-0.615) and mortality (HR, 0.113; 95% CI, 0.052-0.246) compared with the control group. A similar trend was observed across most of the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that NMV-r to treat COVID-19 could reduce all-cause hospitalization and death in patients with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Walker RJ, Eisenhauer E, Thompson EL, Butler R, Metheny N, Barroso CS, Marino M. COVID-19 Information, Trust, and Risk Perception Across Diverse Communities in the United States: Initial Findings from a Multistate Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL). Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S112-S123. [PMID: 38207271 PMCID: PMC10785172 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. To provide initial findings from Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL), a multistate effort funded by the National Institutes of Health, to conduct urgent community-engaged research and outreach focused on COVID-19 awareness, education, and evidence-based response. Methods. We collected survey data (November 2020-November 2022) from 21 CEAL teams from 29 state and regional CEAL sites spanning 19 US states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, which covered priority populations served and trusted sources of information about COVID-19, including prevention behaviors, vaccination, and clinical trials. Results. A disproportionate number of respondents were Latino (45%) or Black (40%). There was considerable variability between CEAL sites regarding trusted sources of information, COVID-19 prevention, and COVID-19 vaccination. For example, more respondents (70%) reported health care providers as a trusted source of COVID-19 information than any other source (ranging from 6% to 87% by site). Conclusions. CEAL rapidly developed novel infrastructure to engage academic, public health, and community organizations to address COVID-19's impacts on underserved communities. CEAL provides an example of how to respond in future public health emergencies to quickly promote trustworthy, evidence-based information in ways that advance health equity. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S112-S123. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307504).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Walker
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Elizabeth Eisenhauer
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Erika L Thompson
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Robin Butler
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Nicholas Metheny
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Cristina S Barroso
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Miguel Marino
- Rebekah J. Walker is with the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Elizabeth Eisenhauer is with Westat, Rockville, MD. Erika L. Thompson is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Robin Butler is with the School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. Nicholas Metheny is with the School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Cristina S. Barroso is with the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Miguel Marino is with the Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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8
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Liu TH, Chuang MH, Wu JY, Huang PY, Tsai YW, Hsu WH, Lai CC. Effectiveness of oral antiviral agents on long-term cardiovascular risk in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter matched cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28992. [PMID: 37522355 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a novel oral antiviral agent can improve short-term COVID-19 outcomes, its effects on the long-term outcomes, namely the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), remains unknown. This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify nonhospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and January 1, 2022. A propensity score matching method was used to form two matched cohorts with and without receiving nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV-r) or molnupiravir. The primary outcome was the incidence of MACEs within a 30-day to 1-year period following a diagnosis of COVID-19. Two cohorts of each 80 888 patients with balanced baseline characteristics were formed using propensity score matching. During the follow-up period, 976 patients in the study group and 1609 patients in the control group developed MACE. Overall, the study group had a significantly lower risk of MACE than the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.683; 95% confidence interval: 0.630-0.739). The significantly lower HRs of overall MACEs were consistently observed in most subgroup analyses (age: >41-≤64 years: 0.60 [0.52-0.89]; age: ≥65 years: 0.68 [0.62-0.76]; women: 0.63 [0.57-0.71]; men: 0.62 [0.55-0.70]; vaccinated: 0.74 [0.63-0.88]; unvaccinated: 0.66 [0.60-0.73]; NMV-r; 0.65 [0.59-0.71]; and molnupiravir: 0.75 [0.61-0.92]). In conclusion, novel oral antiviral agents, namely NMV-r and molnupiravir, were effective in reducing long-term MACEs among nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19, particularly when treated with NMV-r or in patients aged ≥40 years. These findings suggest the potential role of novel antiviral agents as a preventive measure to reduce further adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Tsai YW, Wu JY, Liu TH, Chuang MH, Hsu WH, Huang PY, Lai CC, Tsai KT, Shiue YL. Clinical effectiveness of oral antiviral agents in older patients with COVID-19 based on real-world data. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28869. [PMID: 37322616 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials and real-world cohort studies have demonstrated the efficacies of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV-r) and molnupiravir (MOV) in at-risk patients with COVID-19; however, the effectiveness of antisevere acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 treatments on older patients (≥65 years) remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of the oral antiviral agents, MOV and NMV-r, in older patients (≥65 years) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2. Nonhospitalized older patients with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, were recruited from the TriNetX Research Network. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match patients who received either NMV-r or MOV treatment with those who did not receive any oral antiviral agents. Hazard ratios (HRs) for composite all-cause hospitalization or death during the 30-day follow-up period were calculated. PSM revealed two cohorts with 28 824 patients each having balanced baseline characteristics. The antiviral group was associated with significantly lower risk of the primary composite outcome of all-cause hospitalization or death than the control group (241 vs. 801; HR, 0.307; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.36) during the follow-up period. For the secondary outcome, the antiviral group had a significantly lower risk of all-cause hospitalization (288 vs. 725; HR, 0.322; 95% CI, 0.28-0.37) and mortality (16 vs. 94; HR, 0.176; 95% CI, 0.10-0.30) than the control group. Moreover, the reduced risk of all-cause hospitalization or death remained consistent in patients receiving NMV-r (HR, 0.279; 95% CI, 0.24-0.33) and MOV (HR, 0.279; 95% CI, 0.21-0.38). Our results revealed that NMV-r and MOV decreased the all-cause hospitalization and death rates among older patients with COVID-19, supporting the use of antivirals in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of General Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ting Tsai
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Welfare and Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun-Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Lai CC, Lee PI, Hsueh PR. How Taiwan has responded to COVID-19 and how COVID-19 has affected Taiwan, 2020-2022. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023:S1684-1182(23)00078-6. [PMID: 37061349 PMCID: PMC10079311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
From January 2020 to December 2022, there was a total of 8,872,955 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan. In addition, a total of 15,253 COVID-19 related deaths were reported. During these three years, the government and health authority did many efforts to response this pandemic. In the early pandemic, Taiwan Central Epidemic Command Center was established in the early 2020 to organize associated resource, develop effective policy and implement strict intervention. In response to COVID-19 pandemic, many infection control policy and interventions, including universal mask wearing with increasing production of face mask, hand hygiene, border control, introduce of digital technology incorporating big data, quarantine of COVID-19 cases, travel and gathering restriction, were implemented. In the meanwhile, two COVID-19 vaccines, namely MVC-COV1901 and UB-612, have been developed under the support of government. Furthermore, MVC-COV1901 was taken into clinical practice after received emergency use approval. In addition, two traditional Chinese medicines, including NRICM101 and NRICM102 showed their promising effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and were recommended as potential therapeutic options for COVID-19. During the pandemic, the nonpharmacologic intervention help reduce many infectious diseases, especially for airborne/droplet-transmitted diseases. However, COVID-19 exhibited some adverse impacts on the healthcare systems, such as emergency medical service on out of hospital cardiac arrest, cancer screening, HIV screening and prevention services, and public health, namely the psychosocial status of healthcare workers. Although the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections may gradually subsided, we should keep monitoring its associated impact and appropriately response to this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program for Ageing, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Ramachandran S, Shayanfar M, Brondani M. Stressors and mental health impacts of COVID-19 in dental students: A scoping review. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:326-342. [PMID: 36349431 PMCID: PMC9877782 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental health hazards to healthcare providers in general and to undergraduate dental students. The present study undertakes a scoping review to identify and discuss the mental health issues and stressors impacting dental students globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic search following the Joanna Briggs Institute's framework for scoping reviews was conducted on Embase, MEDLINE by Ovid, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify peer reviewed publications published globally since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 until June 22, 2021. Manual search was also performed on Google scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on the predetermined set of criteria and focused specifically on mental health issues experienced by undergraduate dental students in the context of COVID-19. RESULTS Fifty-five publications were retained. Fifty-one reported stress, anxiety, or depression experienced by undergraduate dental students during the pandemic. Twenty-five studies employed validated psychometric instruments to explore mental health status among the same students. A total of 28 publications reported that the predominant concern for students was fear of infection, especially during patient interaction. Adapting to virtual learning, clinical skill deficit due to lack of/limited practical training and social isolation were other majorly reported stressors. CONCLUSIONS Many mental health issues and stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. Mitigation of COVID-19-related stressors on dental students' mental health should be a priority across all dental academic institutions. Continued efforts should be made to create a supportive learning environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ramachandran
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melody Shayanfar
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mario Brondani
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Mirtaleb MS, Falak R, Heshmatnia J, Bakhshandeh B, Taheri RA, Soleimanjahi H, Zolfaghari Emameh R. An insight overview on COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Advantageous, pharmacology, mechanism of action, and prospective considerations. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109934. [PMID: 36867924 PMCID: PMC9968612 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has urged scientists to present some novel vaccine platforms during this pandemic to provide a rather prolonged immunity against this respiratory viral infection. In spite of many campaigns formed against the administration of mRNA-based vaccines, those platforms were the most novel types, which helped us meet the global demand by developing protection against COVID-19 and reducing the development of severe forms of this respiratory viral infection. Some societies are worry about the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration and the potential risk of genetic integration of inoculated mRNA into the human genome. Although the efficacy and long-term safety of mRNA vaccines have not yet been fully clarified, obviously their application has switched the mortality and morbidity of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study describes the structural features and technologies used in producing of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines as the most influential factor in controlling this pandemic and a successful pattern for planning to produce other kind of genetic vaccines against infections or cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadat Mirtaleb
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalal Heshmatnia
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Lai C, Hsueh P. Coronavirus disease 2019 rebounds following nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28430. [PMID: 36571273 PMCID: PMC9880661 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV-r) is an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent and has been recommended in the treatment of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. In rare occasions, some patients experience virologic and symptomatic rebound after initial resolution, which we call COVID-19 rebound after NMV-r. Although COVID rebound can also occur after molnupiravir treatment or even no antiviral treatment, we have more serious concern about the rebound after NMV-r, which remains the most effective antiviral. Due to a lack of information about its frequency, mechanism, outcomes, and management, we conducted this review to provide comprehensive and updated information to address these questions. Based on the limited evidence, the incidence of COVID-19 rebound after NMV-r was less than 2%, and most cases developed 5-15 days after initiating NMV-r treatment. Almost all reported cases had mild symptoms, and the clinical condition gradually subsided without additional treatment. Overall, the clinical outcome was favorable, and only a small number of patients required emergency department visits or hospitalization. Regarding virologic rebound, culturable SARS-CoV-2 with possible transmission was observed, so re-isolation may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- PhD Program for Ageing, School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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14
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Lai CC, Hsu CK, Yen MY, Lee PI, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Long COVID: An inevitable sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:1-9. [PMID: 36283919 PMCID: PMC9576029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
At present, there are more than 560 million confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Although more than 98% of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can survive acute COVID, a significant portion of survivors can develop residual health problems, which is termed as long COVID. Although severe COVID-19 is generally associated with a high risk of long COVID, patients with asymptomatic or mild disease can also show long COVID. The definition of long COVID is inconsistent and its clinical manifestations are protean. In addition to general symptoms, such as fatigue, long COVID can affect many organ systems, including the respiratory, neurological, psychosocial, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic systems. Moreover, patients with long COVID may experience exercise intolerance and impaired daily function and quality of life. Long COVID may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 direct injury or its associated immune/inflammatory response. Assessment of patients with long COVID requires comprehensive evaluation, including history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, radiography, and functional tests. However, there is no known effective treatment for long COVID. Based on the limited evidence, vaccines may help to prevent the development of long COVID. As long COVID is a new clinical entity that is constantly evolving, there are still many unknowns, and further investigation is warranted to enhance our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Yong Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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15
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Dhama K, Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Yatoo MI, Mohapatra RK, Chakraborty S, Zhou H, Islam MR, Mamada SS, Kusuma HI, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Mutair AA, Iqhrammullah M, Al-Tawfiq JA, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Tuli HS, Chakraborty C, Harapan H. Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:4-14. [PMID: 36446204 PMCID: PMC9675435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent of genomic variations, mutations and adaptation, few of the variants gain the ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency and ability to cause severe disease, morbidity and mortality. These variants have been implicated in lessening the efficacy of the current COVID-19 vaccines and immunotherapies resulting in break-through viral infections in vaccinated individuals and recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder the protective herd immunity to be achieved through the ongoing progressive COVID-19 vaccination. Currently, the only variant of interest of SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified in South Africa. In this review, we present the overview on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with a special focus on the Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants. We discuss the hypotheses of the origin, genetic change and underlying molecular mechanism behind higher transmissibility and immune escape of Omicron variant. Major concerns related to Omicron including the efficacy of the current available immunotherapeutics and vaccines, transmissibility, disease severity, and mortality are discussed. In the last part, challenges and strategies to counter Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology (BPTBA), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Shuhama, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura, India
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sukamto S Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hendrix Indra Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Biology Education Department, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Jl. Syeikh Abdur Rauf, Kopelma Darussalaml, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Prince Nora University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia.
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16
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Tsai CL, Lai CC, Chen CY, Lee HS. The efficacy and safety of complement C5a inhibitors for patients with severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:77-86. [PMID: 36399686 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2150165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy and safety of complement C5a inhibitors for patients with severe COVID-19 remains unclear. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from their inception to 27 September 2022. Only studies that assessed the usefulness of C5a inhibitors for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 patients were included. The primary outcome was the risk of 28-day mortality. RESULTS Six studies, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs, were included. The study group receiving C5a inhibitors had a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with the control group (23.6% [70/297] vs 39.2% [136/347]; odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37-0.76; P< 0.001), and no heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 0%; P= 0.58). Compared with control group, the study group was associated with a similar risk of serious adverse events (AEs) (OR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.57-1.23; P0 = 0.37), infection (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 0.77-2.79; P= 0.25) and acute kidney injury (OR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.54-1.46; P= 0.64). CONCLUSION C5a inhibitors could help reduce the risk of mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infection while being as safe as placebos. These findings support the promising role of C5a inhibitors in the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Sheng Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Hossain MJ, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alhumaid S, Emran TB, Saikumar G, Mitra S, Dhama K. Strategies to tackle SARS-CoV-2 Mu, a newly classified variant of interest likely to resist currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2027197. [PMID: 35172687 PMCID: PMC8862164 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2027197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have recently been reported in many countries. These have exacerbated the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced global health threats and hindered COVID-19 vaccine development and therapeutic progress. This commentary discusses the potential risk of the newly classified Mu variant of interest, seeming a highly vaccine-resistant variant, and the approaches that can be adopted to tackle this variant based on the available evidence. The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.621 (Mu variant) lineage has shown approximately ten times higher resistance to neutralizing sera obtained from COVID-19 survivors or BNT161b2-vaccinated people than the parenteral B.1 lineage. Several urgent and long-term strategic plans, including quick genomic surveillance for uncovering the genetic characteristics of the variants, equitable global mass vaccination, booster dose administration if required, and strict implementation of public health measures or non-pharmaceutical interventions, must be undertaken concertedly to restrict further infections, mutations, or recombination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its deadly strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Wang LJ, Kou KC, Tang KS, Lee Y, Chen YC, Lo MH, Lee IK, Chuah SK, Lee CT, Kung CT, Wang CC, Chien SJ. Parental Attitudes, Intentions, Decisions, and Psychological Wellbeing Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination: Preschool, School-Age, and Adolescent Caregivers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122114. [PMID: 36560524 PMCID: PMC9782239 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccination of all children may be one of the most important public health measures for preventing a wider spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the community. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude, intention, decision making, and psychological well-being among the caregivers of children who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Taiwan. The caregivers of children (98 preschool children, 191 school-age children, and 154 adolescents) who received COVID-19 vaccination were invited to fill in the following questionnaires: Adopting Self-Protective Behavior Scale, Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale, Impact of Event Scale, Chinese Health Questionnaire, and Parental Bonding Instrument. Compared to the caregivers of adolescents, the caregivers of preschool children exhibited more protective behaviors toward the COVID-19 pandemic. The caregivers of preschool children also displayed a higher emotional impact than those of adolescents and took a greater interest in the family's opinion about vaccination. Finally, we found that COVID-19 ideological invasion and protective parenting style were significantly related to the prevalence of mental illness among caregivers. The results of this study can be used as an important reference for vaccination health care and policy formulation for adolescents with regard to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Che Kou
- Division of Pediatric Infection, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Tang
- Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kit Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.W.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-975056193 (S.-J.C.); Fax: +886-7-7338009 (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shao-Ju Chien
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.W.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-975056193 (S.-J.C.); Fax: +886-7-7338009 (S.-J.C.)
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Weng TC, Weng TS, Lai CC, Chao CM, Wang JH. Clinical outcomes, virological efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1615-1622. [PMID: 36317748 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2142117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the clinical outcomes, virological efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant articles written before August 23, 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the usefulness and safety of nitazoxanide in patients with COVID-19 were included. RESULTS Five RCTs were included. The overall mortality of COVID-19 patients receiving nitazoxanide (study group) was 1.3% (9/670), which was lower than the control group (1.8%, 12/681), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (risk difference [RD], 0.00; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.01; P =0.97). However, nitazoxanide was associated with a higher virological eradication rate than placebo or standard care (RD, 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.17; P = 0.03). Compared with the placebo or standard care, nitazoxanide were associated with a similar risk of any adverse event (RD, -0.02; 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.03; P = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Although nitazoxanide can help virological eradication and is also tolerable, it does not provide additional clinical benefits. Based on these evidences, the use of nitazoxanide in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chieh Weng
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Song Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infection Disease, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health Care Administration, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Li X, Cao X, Pan Z, Sun X, Bao Y. Analysis of macular structure in age-related cataract patients with different antibody levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024124. [PMID: 36439098 PMCID: PMC9683336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the macular structure of age-related cataract (ARC) patients with different antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccine injection, in order to obtain the effect of COVID-19 vaccine on the macular structure, and speculate whether the COVID-19 vaccine has adverse effects on the macular structure. Methods This retrospective study is conducted to analysis on the status of COVID-19 vaccine and the thickness of different layers at different positions in the macular area of ARC patients. In the age, sex and eye axial length matched population, in the un-injection, no-antibody, IgM and IgG positive groups after vaccination, the choroid, ganglion cell complex, nerve fiber layer and retinal thickness at different positions of ETDRS zoning in the macular area were discussed. Results A total of 164 patients (164 eyes) were included in the analysis. There were 63 males and 101 females. The average age was 65.99 ± 8.43 years. There was no significant difference in age and sex among the groups (p>0.05). The average axial length of 164 eyes was 23.56 ± 1.46mm, and no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Non parametric test and ANOVA test for the thickness of choroid, retina, ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer in each division of ETDRS showed no significant difference in the four groups of un-injection, no-antibody, IgM and IgG (p>0.05). There was no correlation between the antibody concentration and the thickness of macular structure (p>0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the thickness of choroid, retina, ganglion cell complex and retinal fiber layer in different macular areas after COVID-19 vaccine injection. There was no linear correlation between the thickness of choroid, retina, ganglion cell complex and retinal fiber layer and the antibody concentration produced after COVID-19 vaccine injection. It suggests that the injection of COVID-19 vaccine might have no significant effect on the macular structure of eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongting Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Bao,
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21
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Babel N, Hugo C, Westhoff TH. Vaccination in patients with kidney failure: lessons from COVID-19. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:708-723. [PMID: 35999285 PMCID: PMC9397175 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adequate humoral (antibody) and cellular (T cell-driven) immunity are required to minimize pathogen entry and promote pathogen clearance to enable infection control. Vaccination can generate cellular and humoral immunity against specific pathogens and is used to prevent many life-threatening infectious diseases. However, vaccination efficacy is diminished in patients with CKD. Premature ageing of the immune system and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation are the main causes of immune alteration in these patients. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 can have considerable detrimental effects in patients with CKD, especially in those with kidney failure. COVID-19 prevention through successful vaccination is therefore paramount in this vulnerable population. Although patients receiving dialysis have seroconversion rates comparable to those of patients with normal kidney function, most kidney transplant recipients could not generate humoral immunity after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Importantly, some patients who were not able to produce antibodies still had a detectable vaccine-specific T cell response, which might be sufficient to prevent severe COVID-19. Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 have not been established for patients with kidney failure, but they are urgently needed to enable personalized vaccination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Babel
- Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Hugo
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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22
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Lee S, Lee CH, Seo MS, Yoo JI. Integrative analyses of genes about venous thromboembolism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31162. [PMID: 36316870 PMCID: PMC9622592 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have found possible links between gene polymorphisms and venous thromboembolism (VTE). By identifying genetic risk factors before facing environmental risk factors such as surgical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination, we could rapidly respond to the risk of VTE. The aim of this study was to perform an umbrella review of genetic variants related to VTE. Integrative gene analysis of VTE was performed to identify critical genetic variations. METHODS This study conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. All included studies were selected from the PubMed/MEDLINE database. To select eligible studies, the following variables were extracted: first author name; effect size of each study genetic variant; year of publication; the number of studies included in each article; ethnicity, sample size, P values, and heterogeneity estimates. To assess cumulative evidence in genetic epidemiology about effects of gene polymorphisms on VTE, Human Genome Epidemiology Network's Venice criteria were used. Methodological quality assessment was conducted with JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. RESULTS Genes provided in the present study with genetic variants associated with VTE were FVL (G1691A), Prothrombin (G20210A), MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), PAI-1 (4G/5G), factor VII activating protease (1601G > A), and endothelial protein C receptor (g.6936A_G, c.4600A_G). Among them, variants in FVL, Prothrombin, MTHFR, and PAI-1 showed high significance. Particularly, variants in Prothrombin (G20210A), MTHFR (C677T), and PAI-1 (4G/5G) had more than 2 types of model significance. CONCLUSION The present study performed a systematic review of genetic variants associated with VTE. Our results could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of VTE etiology. These results could give a strategy of prediagnosis about evaluating individual risks of VTE who might be exposed to environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeob Lee
- Department of Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang national university hospital, Jinju, South Korea
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chang Han Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Seok Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang national university hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang national university hospital, Jinju, South Korea
- * Correspondence: Jun-Il Yoo, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo 660-702, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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23
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Parental health beliefs, intention, and strategies about covid-19 vaccine for their children: A cross-sectional analysis from five Arab countries in the Middle East. Vaccine 2022; 40:6549-6557. [PMID: 36207222 PMCID: PMC9500095 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue around vaccination of children has brought divergent opinions among the populations across the globe and among the Arab population. There has been a low response rate to the calls for vaccination of children and this is reflective of the sentiments which parents may have towards their children being vaccinated. This study aims to explore the parents' health beliefs, intentions, and strategies towards the COVID-19 vaccine for their children among Arab population. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online survey from October to December 2021, was carried out in five Arab countries in the Middle East. A reliable health belief model (HBM) including five domains: severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers and cues to action, was adopted. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, and multivariable logistic regression were performed for data analysis. RESULTS The survey response rate was 58 % (1154/2000). Only 56 % of Arab parents are intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The mean scores of parental health belief are largely driven by their concern over the vaccine's side effect (p = 0.001) followed by its efficacy, safety (p < 0.001), and scheduling difficulty (p = 0.029). However, strategies that were statistically encouraged parents to vaccinate their children included doctor's recommendation, adequate information being provided, and acceptance of the vaccine by public (p < 0.001). Parents with one child were almost three times most likely to vaccinate their children (OR = 2.660, 95 %CI = 1.572-4.504, p < 0.001). Parents' desire to vaccinate their children is also influenced by other factors such as job loss owing to COVID-19 and the presence of a health worker in the family. CONCLUSION Intention of Arab parents to vaccinate their children via COVID-19 vaccine is still limited. Thus, it is essential for health care authorities to avail the information which will debunk the erroneous beliefs which some parents have developed towards the vaccination of children against COVID-19.
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24
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Diani S, Leonardi E, Cavezzi A, Ferrari S, Iacono O, Limoli A, Bouslenko Z, Natalini D, Conti S, Mantovani M, Tramonte S, Donzelli A, Serravalle E. SARS-CoV-2-The Role of Natural Immunity: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6272. [PMID: 36362500 PMCID: PMC9655392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity to COVID-19 may be useful to reduce the mortality/morbidity of this disease, but still a lot of controversy exists. AIMS This narrative review analyzes the literature regarding these two immunitary processes and more specifically: (a) the duration of natural immunity; (b) cellular immunity; (c) cross-reactivity; (d) the duration of post-vaccination immune protection; (e) the probability of reinfection and its clinical manifestations in the recovered patients; (f) the comparisons between vaccinated and unvaccinated as to the possible reinfections; (g) the role of hybrid immunity; (h) the effectiveness of natural and vaccine-induced immunity against Omicron variant; (i) the comparative incidence of adverse effects after vaccination in recovered individuals vs. COVID-19-naïve subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS through multiple search engines we investigated COVID-19 literature related to the aims of the review, published since April 2020 through July 2022, including also the previous articles pertinent to the investigated topics. RESULTS nearly 900 studies were collected, and 246 pertinent articles were included. It was highlighted that the vast majority of the individuals after suffering from COVID-19 develop a natural immunity both of cell-mediated and humoral type, which is effective over time and provides protection against both reinfection and serious illness. Vaccine-induced immunity was shown to decay faster than natural immunity. In general, the severity of the symptoms of reinfection is significantly lower than in the primary infection, with a lower degree of hospitalizations (0.06%) and an extremely low mortality. CONCLUSIONS this extensive narrative review regarding a vast number of articles highlighted the valuable protection induced by the natural immunity after COVID-19, which seems comparable or superior to the one induced by anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Consequently, vaccination of the unvaccinated COVID-19-recovered subjects may not be indicated. Further research is needed in order to: (a) measure the durability of immunity over time; (b) evaluate both the impacts of Omicron BA.5 on vaccinated and healed subjects and the role of hybrid immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diani
- School of Musictherapy, Université Européenne Jean Monnet, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Oriana Iacono
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Mirandola Hospital, 41037 Mirandola, Italy
| | - Alice Limoli
- ARPAV (Regional Agency for the Environment Protection), 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Zoe Bouslenko
- Cardiology Department, Valdese Hospital, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvano Tramonte
- Environment and Health Commission, National Bioarchitecture Institute, 20121 Milano, Italy
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25
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Babicki M. Will Bivalent Vaccination against COVID-19 Increase the Desire for COVID-19 Vaccination among Poles? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101658. [PMID: 36298524 PMCID: PMC9611001 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tduration of persistent protection after vaccination against COVID-19 is the sum of many factors, including the used formulation, the vaccination schedule, individual predisposition, clinical status and the SARS-CoV-2 variant. (There is a tendency that?) vaccination regimens demonstrate lower levels of immunity against the currently predominant Omicron variant, which results in the need for subsequent booster doses. Thus, bivalent formulations have been recently developed to additionally target the Omicron variant. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess whether bivalent vaccines would increase interest in vaccination among Poles. For this purpose, an original questionnaire distributed via the Internet and targeting Poles over the age of 18 was used. Results: The survey included 594 respondents, the vast majority of whom were women (79.3%), residents of large cities (44.7%) and those with a university education (86.3%). The average age was 36.6 ± 9.67 years. Only 48.7% of respondents had heard of bivalent vaccination against COVID-19. 408 (72.3%) respondents confirmed that if they had the choice, they would opt for the bivalent preparation. People who have already taken at least 1 booster dose are by far the most common group. Among the unvaccinated, the percentage is only 8.9%. For 190 (33.7%) of respondents, the availability of bivalent preparations will help accelerate their decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Conclusions: Bivalent vaccination is an important part of the fight against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is forecasted that its implementation will not contribute significantly to the increase in vaccination-related interest rate among those previously unvaccinated or only after the basic regimen. Therefore further observations in this direction are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland
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26
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Arunachalam K, Sasidharan SP, Yang X. A concise review of mushrooms antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that may combat against COVID-19. FOOD CHEMISTRY ADVANCES 2022; 1:100023. [PMID: 36686330 PMCID: PMC8887958 DOI: 10.1016/j.focha.2022.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, because of its widespread transmission and infection rates. The unique severe disease was found in Wuhan, China, since December 2019, and swiftly spread throughout the world. Natural chemicals derived from herbal medicines and medicinal mushrooms provide a significant resource for the development of novel antiviral drugs. Many natural drugs have been proven to have antiviral properties against a variety of virus strains, such as the coronavirus and the herpes simplex virus (HSV).. In this research, successful dietary treatments for different COVID illnesses were compared to potential of mushroom products in its therapy. In Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, search keywords like COVID, COVID-19, SARS, MERS, mushrooms, and their compounds were utilized. In this review of the literature we foucsed popular mushrooms such as Agaricus subrufescens Peck, Agaricus blazei Murill, Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis.) P. Karst., Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Inonotus obliquus (Arch. Ex Pers.) Pilát., Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf, and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd.,. Changed forms of β-Glucan seem to have a good impact on viral replication suppression and might be used in future studies. However, the results seems terpenoids, lectins, glycoproteins, lentinan, galactomannan, and polysaccharides from mushrooms are promising prophylactic or therapeutic agents against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | | | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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27
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Wang C, Liu B, Zhang S, Huang N, Zhao T, Lu Q, Cui F. Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world-wide review. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28118. [PMID: 36056540 PMCID: PMC9537802 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76-18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87-7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87-1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Huang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tianshuo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases GroupPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Ganguli S, Howlader S, Dey K, Barua S, Islam MN, Begum A, Sobahan MA, Chakraborty RR, Hawlader MDH, Biswas PK. Association of food habit with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization: A cross-sectional study among the recovered individuals in Bangladesh. Nutr Health 2022; 28:771-782. [PMID: 36066026 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: It was assumed that dietary habits might influence the status of COVID-19 patients. Aim: We aimed at the identification of association of dietary habits with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study (n = 1025). We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to correlate the association between self-reported dietary patterns and COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Results: Dietary habits (black tea, milked tea, pickles, black caraway seeds, honey, fish, fruits, vegetables, garlic, onion and turmeric) were identified with lower risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Interestingly, the consumption frequency (one-, two- or three-times/day) of rice - the staple food in Bangladesh - was not associated with COVID-19 severity and hospitalization for comorbid patients. In contrast, a moderate rice-eating habit (two times/day) was strongly associated with the lower risk of severity and hospitalization for non-comorbid patients. However, for both comorbid and non-comorbid patients, consumption of black tea, milked tea, pickles and honey were associated with a lower likelihood of severity and hospitalization. Overall, a high consumption (three-times/day) of fish, fruits and vegetables, a moderate consumption of garlic, onion and turmeric spices and a daily intake of black/milked tea, and honey were associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Conclusions: To reduce the severity of COVID-19, a habitual practice of intaking black tea, milked tea, black caraway seeds and honey along with dietary habit (rice, fish and vegetables) and with a moderate consumption of ginger, garlic, onion, mixed aromatic spices (cinnamon + cardamom + cloves) and turmeric might be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Ganguli
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbir Howlader
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Kamol Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Suman Barua
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazrul Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Afroza Begum
- Department of Statistics, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Sobahan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, 54493University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Rivu Raj Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Rangamati Medical College and Hospital, Rangamati, Bangladesh
| | | | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Mirghaderi SP, Salimi M, Moharrami A, Hosseini-Dolama R, Mirghaderi SR, Ghaderi M, Motififard M, Mortazavi SMJ. COVID-19 Infection Risk Following Elective Arthroplasty and Surgical Complications in COVID-19 Vaccinated Patients: A Multicenter Comparative Cohort Study. Arthroplast Today 2022; 18:76-83. [PMID: 36185411 PMCID: PMC9513341 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine symptomatic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rates within 1 month of elective arthroplasty for vaccinated individuals and to determine whether vaccination guarantees protection against COVID-19 after arthroplasty (primary outcome). In addition, the 90-day surgical complications were compared to those of an unvaccinated group (secondary outcome). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on elective joint arthroplasty patients at 3 tertiary hospitals in 2 major cities (Tehran and Isfahan) in our country (Iran). The outcomes of the COVID-19-vaccinated group were assessed between October 2021 and March 2022. Ninety-day surgical complications were compared with a historical cohort of unvaccinated patients treated earlier in the pandemic (April 2020-March 2021). Results The study included 1717 consecutive patients: 962 vaccinated and 755 unvaccinated. In the vaccinated group, 38 patients (3.9%) contracted COVID-19, 4 (10.5%) were hospitalized again, and none required intensive care unit admission. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that COVID-19-positive cases are more likely to be female (odds ratio [OR] = 12.5), to have visitors to their home (OR = 4.7), and to stay longer in the hospital (OR = 1.2) than COVID-19-negative cases. Compared to unvaccinated patients, the postoperative COVID-19 rate was not significantly different (3.9% vs 2.4%, P = .07). The incidence of surgical complications was similar between the 2 groups (P > .05). Conclusions The vaccination does not provide a guarantee that a patient will not contract COVID-19 following their arthroplasty surgery, especially in a region with a high rate of COVID-19. We believe reasonable perioperative COVID-19 precautions may be warranted even in vaccinated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moharrami
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseini-Dolama
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirghaderi
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ghaderi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Motififard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kashani University Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, End of Keshavarz Blvd 1419733141, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +982166581586.
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30
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Lai CC, Hsu CK, Yen MY, Lee PI, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Monkeypox: An emerging global threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:787-794. [PMID: 35970757 PMCID: PMC9352646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the monkeypox outbreak in early 2022 has posed a new global health threat. As of July 8, 2022, 9069 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported, and most of them are from non-endemic countries. The monkeypox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, and preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus belongs to the West African clade. In the current outbreak, human-to-human transmission has been the primary transmission mode. Although direct skin-to-skin contact with lesions during sexual activities can spread the virus, it remains unclear whether monkeypox can spread through sexual contact, specifically through contaminated body fluids. The typical presentation of monkeypox includes prodromal symptoms, followed by a rash that usually begins within 1–3 days of symptom onset, and the skin lesions can last for 2–4 weeks and then gradually resolve. However, the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 may exhibit atypical features. A definite diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection requires nucleic acid amplification testing via the polymerase chain reaction method. Supportive care is essential, and antiviral therapy is not considered for all affected patients, but recommended for those at highrisk for severe diseases. The mitigation of monkeypox outbreaks include enhanced case detection, case isolation, contact tracing, and post-exposure vaccination. In conclusion, the current monkeypox outbreak is a new threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of this new situation, which presents a different scenario from those of prior outbreaks. Global health systems should develop effective strategies to mitigate the spread of monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Yong Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Sonmezer MC, Dizman GT, Erul E, Sahin TK, Saricaoglu T, Alp A, Tanriover MD, Uzun O, Unal S, Akova M. Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of the Third Dose of CoronaVac or BNT162b2 Following a Two-Dose CoronaVac Regimen: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study from an Adult Vaccine Center in Turkey. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071140. [PMID: 35891304 PMCID: PMC9322864 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a threat to public health with the potential for the emergence of new variants. Vaccines are the milestones to control and slow down the damage of the pandemic. As of January 2021, a two-dose regimen with CoronaVac was authorized in Turkey. Due to the waning seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 over time, BNT162b2 or CoronaVac has been administered as the third dose following a two-dose CoronaVac regimen as a national vaccination policy. As of 14 January 2021, 5243 volunteers who received two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine at Hacettepe University Adult Vaccine Center were followed prospectively. In our study, relative vaccine effectiveness (VEff) for the third dose of the CoronaVac was 58.24% and 87.27% for BNT162b2 in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 cases. There were no hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, or deaths in third-dose booster groups with either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, yielding 100% effectiveness. Both homologous or heterologous third-dose boosters provided further protection against severe COVID-19 and should be prioritized as an effective strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Cagla Sonmezer
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (G.T.D.); (T.S.); (O.U.); (S.U.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-3123111271
| | - Gulcin Telli Dizman
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (G.T.D.); (T.S.); (O.U.); (S.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Enes Erul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (E.E.); (T.K.S.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Taha Koray Sahin
- Internal Medicine Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (E.E.); (T.K.S.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Tuğba Saricaoglu
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (G.T.D.); (T.S.); (O.U.); (S.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Alparslan Alp
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Mine Durusu Tanriover
- Internal Medicine Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (E.E.); (T.K.S.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Omrum Uzun
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (G.T.D.); (T.S.); (O.U.); (S.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Serhat Unal
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (G.T.D.); (T.S.); (O.U.); (S.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Murat Akova
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (G.T.D.); (T.S.); (O.U.); (S.U.); (M.A.)
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Abdul Karim M, Reagu SM, Ouanes S, Waheed Khan A, Smidi WS, Al-Baz N, Alabdulla M. Prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the elderly in Qatar: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29741. [PMID: 35777032 PMCID: PMC9239589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals are more vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 and medical complications. Vaccination stands as an efficient and safe vanguard against infection. However, negative attitudes and perceptions pertaining to available vaccines might hinder community inoculation. The aim of this study was to assess vaccine hesitancy and its psychosocial determinants among the elderly in Qatar. We conducted a cross-sectional study between October 15 and November 15, 2020, using a composite online survey including the Vaccine Attitudes Examination Scale in addition to questions on sociodemographic correlates and the role of healthcare professionals. The vaccine hesitancy rate was 19.5%. The main reasons for willingness to vaccinate included understanding the nature of disease and role of vaccination, in addition to information provided by physicians. Fears mainly centered around vaccine safety. Vaccine hesitators were more likely to be non-Qatari and having received the influenza vaccine at least once. Gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, and having completed childhood vaccinations were not associated with vaccine hesitancy. Efforts should be directed toward raising awareness of vaccine efficacy and safety profiles. Physicians should additionally be educated about their pivotal role in advocating vaccine acceptance. We recommend reassessing vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors following a year of campaigning and vaccine administration to identify and target vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdul Karim
- Psychiatry Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Mustafa Abdul Karim, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050 Doha, Qatar (e-mail: )
| | | | - Sami Ouanes
- Psychiatry Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | | | - Nadeen Al-Baz
- Psychiatry Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar
| | - Majid Alabdulla
- Psychiatry Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Qatar
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Uhomoibhi JOO, Shode FO, Idowu KA, Sabiu S. Molecular modelling identification of phytocompounds from selected African botanicals as promising therapeutics against druggable human host cell targets of SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108185. [PMID: 35430474 PMCID: PMC9002601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly pathogenic and transmissible. It is mediated by the binding of viral spike proteins to human cells via entry and replication processes involving human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2), transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L (Cath L). The identification of novel therapeutics that can modulate viral entry or replication has been of research interest and would be germane in managing COVID-19 subjects. This study investigated the structure-activity relationship inhibitory potential of 99 phytocompounds from selected African botanicals with proven therapeutic benefits against respiratory diseases focusing on SARS-CoV-2's human cell proteins (hACE2, TMPRSS2, and Cathepsin L) as druggable targets using computational methods. Evaluation of the binding energies of the phytocompounds showed that two compounds, Abrusoside A (−63.393 kcal/mol) and Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (−58.939 kcal/mol) had stronger affinity for the exopeptidase site of hACE2 compared to the reference drug, MLN-4760 (−54.545 kcal/mol). The study further revealed that Verbascoside (−63.338 kcal/mol), Abrectorin (−37.880 kcal/mol), and Friedelin (−36.989 kcal/mol) are potential inhibitors of TMPRSS2 compared to Nafamostat (−36.186 kcal/mol), while Hemiphloin (−41.425 kcal/mol), Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (−37.257 kcal/mol), and Myricetin-3-O-galactoside (−36.342 kcal/mol) are potential inhibitors of Cathepsin L relative to Bafilomycin A1 (−38.180 kcal/mol). The structural analysis suggests that these compounds do not compromise the structural integrity of the proteins, but rather stabilized and interacted well with the active site amino acid residues critical to inhibition of the respective proteins. Overall, the findings from this study are suggestive of the structural mechanism of inhibitory action of the identified leads against the proteins critical for SARS-CoV-2 to enter the human host cell. While the study has lent credence to the significant role the compounds could play in developing potent SARS-CoV-2 candidate drugs against COVID-19, further structural refinement, and modifications of the compounds for subsequent in vitro as well as preclinical and clinical evaluations are underway.
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Ben Saida I, Maatouk I, Toumi R, Bouslama E, Ben Ismail H, Ben Salem C, Boussarsar M. Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines: Two Case Reports and a Short Literature Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071012. [PMID: 35891176 PMCID: PMC9319973 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in December 2019, causing millions of deaths all over the world, and the lack of specific treatment for severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led to the development of vaccines in record time, increasing the risk of vaccine safety issues. Recently, several cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. TTP is a rare disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and ischemic end-organ lesions. It can be either congenital or acquired. Various events such as viral infections, medication, pregnancy, malignancies, and vaccinations may cause TTP. Here, we report two cases of acquired TTP following Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac). Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and confirmed with a severe reduction in the activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease ADAMTS-13 and the presence of inhibitory autoantibodies. The two patients were successfully treated with corticosteroids, plasma exchange therapy and rituximab in the acute phase. In the literature, the reported cases of TTP induced by COVID-19 vaccination occurred after Adenoviral Vector DNA- and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Based COVID-19 vaccines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acquired TTP after inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Saida
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
- Research Laboratory Heart Failure, LR12SP09, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Iyed Maatouk
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Radhouane Toumi
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
- Research Laboratory Heart Failure, LR12SP09, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Emna Bouslama
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (E.B.); (H.B.I.)
| | - Hajer Ben Ismail
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (E.B.); (H.B.I.)
| | - Chaker Ben Salem
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Boussarsar
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
- Research Laboratory Heart Failure, LR12SP09, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
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Li LH, Liesenborghs L, Wang L, Lox M, Yakass MB, Jansen S, Rosales Rosas AL, Zhang X, Thibaut HJ, Teuwen D, Neyts J, Delang L, Dallmeier K. Biodistribution and environmental safety of a live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:215-224. [PMID: 35313504 PMCID: PMC8925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New platforms are needed for the design of novel prophylactic vaccines and advanced immune therapies. Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine YF17D serves as a vector for several licensed vaccines and platform for novel candidates. On the basis of YF17D, we developed an exceptionally potent COVID-19 vaccine candidate called YF-S0. However, use of such live RNA viruses raises safety concerns, such as adverse events linked to original YF17D (yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease [YEL-AND] and yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease [YEL-AVD]). In this study, we investigated the biodistribution and shedding of YF-S0 in hamsters. Likewise, we introduced hamsters deficient in signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) signaling as a new preclinical model of YEL-AND/AVD. Compared with YF17D, YF-S0 showed improved safety with limited dissemination to brain and visceral tissues, absent or low viremia, and no shedding of infectious virus. Considering that yellow fever virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, any inadvertent exposure to the live recombinant vector via mosquito bites is to be excluded. The transmission risk of YF-S0 was hence compared with readily transmitting YF-Asibi strain and non-transmitting YF17D vaccine, with no evidence for productive infection of mosquitoes. The overall favorable safety profile of YF-S0 is expected to translate to other vaccines based on the same YF17D platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Li
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Outbreak Research Team, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lanjiao Wang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Bright Yakass
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,University of Ghana, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Legon, Accra 1181, Ghana
| | - Sander Jansen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Lucia Rosales Rosas
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Teuwen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Mosquito Virology Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Team, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Batra K, Sharma M, Dai CL, Khubchandani J. COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Multi-Theory-Model (MTM)-Based National Assessment. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050758. [PMID: 35632514 PMCID: PMC9144395 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and the proven benefits of vaccinations outweighing the potential risks, hesitancy to accept vaccines and additional doses remains a persistent problem. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate hesitancy, confidence, literacy, and the role of the multi-theory model (MTM) constructs in COVID-19 booster uptake. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a 52-item psychometric valid web-based survey conducted during the month of October 2021 to recruit a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the booster hesitant group (n = 209, 41.7%), a significantly larger proportion of respondents were unvaccinated with the primary series (43.5% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), were among 18−44 years age group (51.2% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.001), single or never married (33.0% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.04), had lower education with some high school (6.2% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.03), and identified themselves as Republicans (31.6% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.01). The hesitant group had lower mean scores of vaccine literacy, and vaccine confidence, and had 19% lower odds of behavioral confidence than their non-hesitant counterparts (adjusted odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71−0.92). Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the need of raising public awareness through effective multi-theory-model-based communication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Batra
- Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;
| | - Chia-Liang Dai
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
| | - Jagdish Khubchandani
- Department of Public Health Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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Lin W, Hung S, Lai C, Wang C, Chen C. The impact of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the outcomes of COVID-19 outpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2222-2229. [PMID: 35088444 PMCID: PMC9015482 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mABs) for outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) databases were searched from inception to July 19, 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of neutralizing mABs in the treatment of COVID-19 outpatients were included. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included RCTs. The primary outcome was the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visits. The secondary outcomes were the risk of death and adverse events (AEs). Five articles were included, in which 3309 patients received neutralizing mAB and 2397 patients received a placebo. A significantly lower rate of hospitalization or ED visits was observed among patients who received neutralizing mABs than those who received a placebo (1.7% vs. 6.5%, odds ratios (OR): 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.36; I2 = 0%). In addition, the rate of hospitalization was significantly lower in the patients who received neutralizing mABs than in the control group (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.17-0.34; I2 = 0%). The mortality rate was also significantly lower in the patients who received neutralizing mABs than in the control group (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05-0.58; I2 = 3%). Neutralizing mABs were associated with a similar risk of any AE (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64-1.01; I2 = 52%) and a lower risk of serious AEs (OR: 0.37; 97% CI: 0.19-0.72; I2 = 45%) compared with a placebo. Neutralizing mABs can help reduce the risk of hospitalization or ED visits in COVID-19 outpatients. For these patients, neutralizing mABs are safe and not associated with a higher risk of AEs than a placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Ting Lin
- Department of OrthopedicChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Hsing Hung
- Department of Surgery, Division of UrologyChi‐Mei Hospital, Chia LiTainanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan BranchTainanTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of PulmonaryMacKay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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The Collateral Effect of COVID-19 on the Epidemiology of Airborne/Droplet-Transmitted Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Taiwan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040478. [PMID: 35453229 PMCID: PMC9030657 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the number of cases of airborne/droplet-transmitted notifiable infectious disease (NID) between the pandemic period (defined as from January 2020 to December 2021) and the pre-pandemic period (defined as the period from January 2018 to December 2019). The annual case numbers of airborne/droplet-transmitted NIDs from 2018 to 2021 were collected for comparison. Fourteen airborne/droplet-transmitted NIDs including measles, rubella, pertussis, influenza with severe complications, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), Q fever, mumps, meningococcal meningitis, varicella, legionellosis, invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection, hantavirus syndrome, TB, and multidrug-resistant TB (MDRTB), were included for the analysis. Overall, the annual case number of these 14 airborne/droplet-transmitted NID was 11,930, 12,747, 9477, and 8268 in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively, and the overall incidence was 50.3, 53.6, 39.8, 34.6 per 100,000 populations in in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The case number of influenza with severe complications had the largest reduction from the pre-pandemic period to the pandemic period, with a reduction of 3076 cases, followed by TB (−2904), IPD (−490), mumps (−292), measles (−292), pertussis (−57), MDRTB (−43), rubella (−35), Q fever (−20), varicella (−12), meningococcal meningitis (−5), invasive H. influenzae type B (−4). In contrast, the case number of legionellosis increased from 492 during the pre-pandemic period to 676 during the pandemic period. In addition, hantavirus syndrome also increased from zero cases during the pre-pandemic period to three during the pandemic period. In conclusion, the occurrence of most airborne/droplet-transmitted NIDs, including both domestic and imported cases in Taiwan, was lower during the pandemic period than during the pre-pandemic period.
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine: Does it still contribute any additional immunoprotection? J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:533-536. [PMID: 35528234 PMCID: PMC9054568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine is a widely discussed issue globally. This letter to the editor describes on possible additional immunoprotection due to the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine. According to the modeling study, it can demonstrate that the fourth dosage of COVID-19 vaccination can still provide extra immunoprotection in case that previous doses are not the highly effective COVID-19 vaccines.
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Signorini L, Ceruso FM, Aiello E, Zullo MJ, De Vito D. Vaccine Efficacy Denial: A Growing Concern Affecting Modern Science, and Impacting Public Health. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:935-943. [PMID: 35306998 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220318092909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of the vaccination technique has been revealed by Edward Jenner in 1796: undoubtedly, it represents the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by vaccines, followed by other important studies carried out by Pasteur and Koch, and Sabin, who developed the first technique to attenuate the virus. In recent decades, numerous scholars have begun to create dangerous theories against the effectiveness of vaccines through scientifically invalid or fraudulent studies. AIM This critical review of the literature aims to analyse the main factors that have undermined the credibility of vaccines in the general population, to disprove false information and, on the other hand, emphasize the benefits of vaccines over the last 200 years. DISCUSSIONS Unfortunately, several studies have been carried out without the proper scientific rigour. The most impacting example is the study published by Andrew Wakefield in the Lancet journal that tried to correlate vaccines with the development of autism: this publication was withdrawn from the journal a few years after its publication, but the impact of incorrect scientific studies, fake news, and ambiguous healthcare policies has led to an adverse general opinion about the effectiveness of vaccines. CONCLUSION The excess of uncontrolled information is a serious concerning in the Coronavirus pandemic. The modern science must tackle this problem with a better willingness to communicate even the clinical studies to those people not able to understand the medical information autonomously. Nevertheless, a reliable science must also limit the dissemination of studies that do not meet the basic criteria of a methodological rigor and certainty of results, in order not to feed confusion in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Signorini
- Private practice, Rome, Italy; Professor, Saint Camillus University of Health Science, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Ceruso
- Department of Dentistry, "Fra G.B. Orsenigo-Ospedale San Pietro F.B.F.", 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Aiello
- Marrelli Health - Tecnologica Research institute - Via E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese Ciaccio, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Josephine Zullo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Assessment of Attitudes, Main Concerns and Sources of Knowledge Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination in Poland in the Unvaccinated Individuals-A Nationwide Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030381. [PMID: 35335013 PMCID: PMC8955026 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective tool to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is ineffective without appropriate public acceptance. In Poland, 53% of the country's population is vaccinated, which puts us in the last position among the EU countries. Therefore, this study aims to assess the main concerns regarding vaccination in the unvaccinated population of Poland. The study was based on an original questionnaire that was distributed online. There were three phases of the study: Phase 1-before the preventive vaccination plan, Phase 2-2 months after implementation of the programme, Phase 3-after 4 months when the immunisation rate in Poland was 42%. A total of 4459 individuals participated in the study. As many as 1943 participants were excluded from the analysis due to lack of consent (30 subjects) or COVID-19 vaccination (1913 subjects). Out of the remaining 2516 unvaccinated individuals, 463 were participants in the first phase of the study, 1137 in the second phase of the study, and 916 in the third phase. As the preventive vaccination plan in Poland continued, concerns about vaccine adverse events, safety and efficacy were raised. The only lower concern was that about the vaccine transportation rules. Moreover, as the vaccination programme continued, there was an increase in the percentage of individuals declaring their full reluctance towards vaccination against COVID-19. Conclusions: The Internet is the main source of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination, so it should be focused on during vaccination campaigns. The public is primarily concerned about adverse events of vaccines and the lack of appropriate tests of the products used. Therefore, it is advisable to popularise the current state of knowledge and promote reliable information concerning the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030366. [PMID: 35334998 PMCID: PMC8955470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The unprecedented global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed huge challenges on the healthcare facilities, and impacted every aspect of life. This has led to the development of several vaccines against COVID-19 within one year. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and the side effects among Arab communities after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine and use of machine learning (ML) tools to predict post-vaccination side effects based on predisposing factors. Methods: An online-based multinational survey was carried out via social media platforms from 14 June to 31 August 2021, targeting individuals who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine from 22 Arab countries. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Moreover, extensive ML tools were utilized to predict 30 post vaccination adverse effects and their severity based on 15 predisposing factors. The importance of distinct predisposing factors in predicting particular side effects was determined using global feature importance employing gradient boost as AutoML. Results: A total of 10,064 participants from 19 Arab countries were included in this study. Around 56% were female and 59% were aged from 20 to 39 years old. A high rate of vaccine hesitancy (51%) was reported among participants. Almost 88% of the participants were vaccinated with one of three COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech (52.8%), AstraZeneca (20.7%), and Sinopharm (14.2%). About 72% of participants experienced post-vaccination side effects. This study reports statistically significant associations (p < 0.01) between various predisposing factors and post-vaccinations side effects. In terms of predicting post-vaccination side effects, gradient boost, random forest, and XGBoost outperformed other ML methods. The most important predisposing factors for predicting certain side effects (i.e., tiredness, fever, headache, injection site pain and swelling, myalgia, and sleepiness and laziness) were revealed to be the number of doses, gender, type of vaccine, age, and hesitancy to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: The reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination among Arab populations are usually non-life-threatening; flu-like symptoms and injection site pain. Certain predisposing factors have greater weight and importance as input data in predicting post-vaccination side effects. Based on the most significant input data, ML can also be used to predict these side effects; people with certain predicted side effects may require additional medical attention, or possibly hospitalization.
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Verschuuren JJGM, Palace J, Murai H, Tannemaat MR, Kaminski HJ, Bril V. Advances and ongoing research in the treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:189-202. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hsu CK, Chen CY, Chen WC, Lai CC, Hung SH, Lin WT. The effect of sofosbuvir-based treatment on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106545. [PMID: 35134505 PMCID: PMC8817946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy of sofosbuvir-based antiviral treatment against COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to 15 August 2021. Studies comparing the clinical efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based antiviral regimens (study group) with other antivirals or standard of care (control group) in patients with COVID-19 were included. Overall, 687 patients with COVID-19 were included, of which 377 patients received sofosbuvir-based treatment. Mortality was lower in the study group than in the control group [odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.79; I2 = 0%]. The overall clinical recovery rate was higher in the study group than in the control group (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.20–2.76; I2 = 28%). The study group presented a lower requirement for mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.89; I2 = 0%) and intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.70; I2 = 0%) than the control group. Furthermore, the study group exhibited a shorter hospital length of stay [mean deviation (MD), –1.49, 95% CI –2.62 to –0.37; I2 = 56%] and recovery time (MD, –1.34, 95% CI –2.29 to –0.38; I2 = 46%) than the control group. Sofosbuvir-based treatment may help reduce mortality in patients with COVID-19 and improve associated clinical outcomes. Furthermore, sofosbuvir-based treatment was as safe as the comparator in patients with COVID-19. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings.
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Cyberchondria, Fear of COVID-19, and Risk Perception Mediate the Association between Problematic Social Media Use and Intention to Get a COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010122. [PMID: 35062783 PMCID: PMC8779372 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to control the COVID-19 pandemic, but vaccination hesitancy threatens this effort worldwide. Consequently, there is a need to understand what influences individuals’ intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Restriction of information gathering on societal developments to social media may influence attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination through exposure to disinformation and imbalanced arguments. The present study examined the association between problematic social media use and intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine, taking into account the mediating roles of cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception. In a cross-sectional survey study, a total of 10,843 residents of Qazvin City, Iran completed measures on problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, cyberchondria, COVID-19 risk perception, and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that there was no direct association between problematic social media use and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Nonetheless, cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception (each or serially) mediated associations between problematic social media use and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. These results add to the understanding of the role of problematic social media use in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, i.e., it is not the quantity of social media use per se that matters. This knowledge of the mediating roles of cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception can be used by public health experts and policymakers when planning educational interventions and other initiatives in COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Hossain MJ, Rahman SMA, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam MR, Dhama K. Recommendation and Roadmap of Mass Vaccination against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Bangladesh as a Lower-Middle-Income Country. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1815-1822. [PMID: 35546989 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356357.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are still deprived of the optimum doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines for their population, equal access and distribution, as well as mass immunization roadmaps to be implemented for achieving herd immunity and protection from the ongoing pandemic. In this short report, we are interacting with the world public health experts, as well as national and global leaders for warranting the mass vaccination drive to be more progressive against COVID-19 with equitable access of vaccines to LICs or LMICs to save the lives of the poorest country people and refugees. From several scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, as well as national and international news websites, the data were collected data by utilizing appropriate keywords regarding the topic. Bangladesh might be exemplified in this brief communication as the representative of LMIC. As of October 14, 2021, 48% of the world's people have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. In contrast, only 2.5% of people from LICs have come in under COVID-19 vaccination for at least a single shot. Both LICs and LMICs need far more vision and ambition, including political, administrative, and diplomatic progress along with enhancing the vaccination drive for their population to be immunized through simultaneous mass vaccination progress of other countries with implementing public health safety measures against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - S M A Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - T B Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
| | - S Mitra
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M R Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - K Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Halperin DT, Hearst N, Hodgins S, Bailey RC, Klausner JD, Jackson H, Wamai RG, Ladapo JA, Over M, Baral S, Escandón K, Gandhi M. Revisiting COVID-19 policies: 10 evidence-based recommendations for where to go from here. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2084. [PMID: 34774012 PMCID: PMC8590121 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to control coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have often been based on preliminary and limited data and have tended to be slow to evolve as new evidence emerges. Yet knowledge about COVID-19 has grown exponentially, and the expanding rollout of vaccines presents further opportunity to reassess the response to the pandemic more broadly. MAIN TEXT We review the latest evidence concerning 10 key COVID-19 policy and strategic areas, specifically addressing: 1) the expansion of equitable vaccine distribution, 2) the need to ease restrictions as hospitalization and mortality rates eventually fall, 3) the advantages of emphasizing educational and harm reduction approaches over coercive and punitive measures, 4) the need to encourage outdoor activities, 5) the imperative to reopen schools, 6) the far-reaching and long-term economic and psychosocial consequences of sustained lockdowns, 7) the excessive focus on surface disinfection and other ineffective measures, 8) the importance of reassessing testing policies and practices, 9) the need for increasing access to outpatient therapies and prophylactics, and 10) the necessity to better prepare for future pandemics. CONCLUSIONS While remarkably effective vaccines have engendered great hope, some widely held assumptions underlying current policy approaches call for an evidence-based reassessment. COVID-19 will require ongoing mitigation for the foreseeable future as it transforms from a pandemic into an endemic infection, but maintaining a constant state of emergency is not viable. A more realistic public health approach is to adjust current mitigation goals to be more data-driven and to minimize unintended harms associated with unfocused or ineffective control efforts. Based on the latest evidence, we therefore present recommendations for refining 10 key policy areas, and for applying lessons learned from COVID-19 to prevent and prepare for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Halperin
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Norman Hearst
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Hodgins
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert C Bailey
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard G Wamai
- Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph A Ladapo
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mead Over
- Center for Global Development, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Escandón
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Grupo de Investigación en Virus Emergentes VIREM, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Suvvari TK, P C, Kuppili S, Kandi V, Kutikuppala LVS, Kandula VDK, Mishra S, Sarangi AK, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K. Consecutive Hits of COVID-19 in India: The Mystery of Plummeting Cases and Current Scenario. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1165-1174. [PMID: 35355747 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356147.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pandemic has been in existence for almost 2 years now after its possible emergence from a wet market in the city of Wuhan of the Chinese mainland. Evidence of the emergence and transmission of this virus was attributed to bats and pangolins. The causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread globally, affecting humans considerably with its current death toll to be over 4.7 million out of more than 233 confirmed cases as of September 2021. The virus is constantly mutating and continuously trying to establish itself in humans by increasing its transmissibility and virulence through its numerous emerging variants. Several countries have been facing multiple waves of COVID-19 outbreaks one after the other, putting the medical and healthcare establishments under tremendous stress. Although very few drugs and vaccines have been approved for emergency use, their production capabilities need to meet the needs of a huge global population. Currently, not even a quarter of the world population is vaccinated. The situation in India has worsened during the ongoing second wave with the involvement of virus variants with a rapid and huge surge in COVID-19 cases, where the scarcity of hospital infrastructure, antiviral agents, and oxygen has led to increased deaths. Recently, increased surveillance and monitoring, strengthening of medical facilities, campaigns of awareness programs, progressive vaccination drive, and high collaborative efforts have led to limiting the surge of COVID-19 cases in India to a low level. This review outlines the global status of the pandemic with special reference to the Indian scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Suvvari
- NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, India
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- Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, India
| | - S Kuppili
- Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Amalapuram, India
| | - V Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India
| | - L V S Kutikuppala
- Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Amalapuram, India
| | - V D K Kandula
- GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, India
| | - S Mishra
- Bioenergy Lab, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - R K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India
| | - K Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Samannodi M. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability Among Women Who are Pregnant or Planning for Pregnancy in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2609-2618. [PMID: 34866902 PMCID: PMC8633708 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s338932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies in the literature deal with the acceptance of being vaccinated while pregnant. This study aimed to investigate the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women and those who are planning for pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire in Saudi Arabia between 12 June and 1 August 2021. The first section described the demographic characteristics of the study participants (five items), participants' perceptions about COVID-19 (three items), participants' hesitancy about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (nine items), perceived benefits of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (four items), and motivations and causes of action for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (three items). RESULTS A total of 431 women who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this study. The study participants showed moderate scores in terms of their COVID-19 vaccination perception, hesitancy, perceived benefits and causes of action that ranged between 53.3% and 65.0%. The mean perception score for all participants was 8.0 (standard deviation (SD): 2.8) out of 15. The mean hesitancy score for was 27.6 (SD: 7.3) out of 45. The mean perceived benefits score was 13.0 (SD: 4.5) out of 20. The mean causes of action score was 9.0 (SD: 3.7) out of 15. Pregnant women or those who are planning to be pregnant are more hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccination (p=0.001). Those aged below 29 years who reported receiving the COVID-19 vaccine showed higher levels of perceived benefits (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pregnant women and those who are planning to be pregnant have a moderate score in terms of their COVID-19 vaccination perception, hesitancy, perceived benefits and causes of action regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. More public health awareness regarding the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine are needed to gain public trust in the vaccination and the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Mohammed Samannodi Department of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 125501000 Email
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