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Sasaki GH. The safety and effectiveness of low-level light therapy (LLLT) with light-emitting diode (LED) bed system and a novel topical anti-cellulite gel on grades 1-2 thigh/buttock cellulite: a randomized, comparative-controlled split-thigh/buttock IRB study. J COSMET LASER THER 2023; 25:45-53. [PMID: 36748714 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2021.1951766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulite of the upper lateral and posterior thighs and lower buttocks represents a common unwanted condition. OBJECTIVES The author sought to comparea LLLT-LED bed therapy and a novel topical anti-cellulite gel on one thigh/buttock cellulite vs light therapy for cellulite to the opposite side. METHODS Eight healthy female subjects were randomly treated with a LLLT-LED bed twice weekly for 20 minutes in prone/supine positions with twice daily application of a novel anti-cellulite gel to one randomized thigh/buttock. RESULTS At the end of the 3-month trial, skin elasticity increased after combined therapy on one thigh but decreased with only LLLT-LED bed treatments on the opposite thigh. Thighs treated with active gel and LLLT-LED bed, were downgraded to a lower cellulite grade, while monotherapy did not demonstrate any change from their baseline cellulite grading. Changes in thigh circumference did not correlate with either treatments regimens.Subject and investigator questionnaire evaluations at month-3 were assessed as "satisfactory" results. There were no adverse reactions to treatments. CONCLUSIONS The use of LLLT-LED bed therapy and an anti-cellulite gel demonstrated an efficient alternative in the treatment of cellulite-involved thighs/buttocks over similarly affected thighs/buttocks that were treated only with LLLT-LED bed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Sasaki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sasaki Advanced Aesthetic Medical Center, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Pourang A, Tisack A, Ezekwe N, Torres AE, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. Effects of visible light on mechanisms of skin photoaging. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:191-196. [PMID: 34585779 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is not only affected by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light wavelengths emitted by sunlight, electronic devices, and light emitting diodes. Similar to the ultraviolet radiation, visible light has been implicated in photoaging. In this review, the effects of blue light, yellow light, red light, and broad visible light are discussed in relation with photoaging. Different visible light wavelengths likely contribute beneficial and deleterious effects on photoaging by way of interaction with specific photoreceptors, ROS production, and other photon-mediated reactions. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the mechanism and action spectrum of photoaging in humans, as well as optimal photoprotection with coverage against visible light wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunna Pourang
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Tisack
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nneamaka Ezekwe
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Angeli E Torres
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Plattfaut I, Demir E, Fuchs PC, Schiefer JL, Stürmer EK, Brüning AKE, Opländer C. Characterization of Blue Light Treatment for Infected Wounds: Antibacterial Efficacy of 420, 455, and 480 nm Light-Emitting Diode Arrays Against Common Skin Pathogens Versus Blue Light-Induced Skin Cell Toxicity. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:339-348. [PMID: 33961502 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine effective treatment strategies against bacterial infections of chronic wounds, we tested different blue light (BL)-emitting light-emitting diode arrays (420, 455, and 480 nm) against wound pathogens and investigated in parallel BL-induced toxic effects on human dermal fibroblasts. Background: Wound infection is a major factor for delayed healing. Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are clinically relevant caused by their ability of biofilm formation and their quickly growing antibiotics resistance. BL has demonstrated antimicrobial properties against various microbes. Methods: Determination of antibacterial and cell toxic effects by colony-forming units (CFUs)/biofilm/cell viability assays, and live cell imaging. Results: A single BL irradiation (180 J/cm2), of P. aeruginosa at both 420 and 455 nm resulted in a bacterial reduction (>5 log10 CFU), whereas 480 nm revealed subantimicrobial effects (2 log10). All tested wavelengths of BL also revealed bacteria reducing effects on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli (maximum 1-2 log10 CFU) but not on S. aureus. Dealing with biofilms, all wavelengths using 180 J/cm2 were able to reduce significantly the number of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. epidermidis. Here, BL420nm achieved reductions up to 99%, whereas BL455nm and BL480nm were less effective (60-83%). Biofilm-growing S. aureus was more BL sensitive than in the planktonic phase showing a reduction by 63-75%. A significant number of cell toxic events (>40%) could be found after applying doses (>30 J/cm2) of BL420nm. BL455nm showed only slight cell toxicity (180 J/cm2), whereas BL480nm was nontoxic at any dose. Conclusions: BL treatment can be effective against bacterial infections of chronic wounds. Nevertheless, using longer wavelengths >455 nm should be preferred to avoid possible toxic effects on skin and skin cells. To establish BL therapy for infected chronic wounds, further studies concerning biofilm formation and tissue compatibility are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Plattfaut
- Chair, Department of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Erhan Demir
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul C Fuchs
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Schiefer
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ewa K Stürmer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, Translational Wound Research, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne K E Brüning
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Chair, Department of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.,Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040863. [PMID: 29642579 PMCID: PMC6017965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AHAs are organic acids with one hydroxyl group attached to the alpha position of the acid. AHAs including glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid are often used extensively in cosmetic formulations. AHAs have been used as superficial peeling agents as well as to ameliorate the appearance of keratoses and acne in dermatology. However, caution should be exercised in relation to certain adverse reactions among patients using products with AHAs, including swelling, burning, and pruritus. Whether AHAs enhance or decrease photo damage of the skin remains unclear, compelling us to ask the question, is AHA a friend or a foe of the skin? The aim of this manuscript is to review the various biological effects and mechanisms of AHAs on human keratinocytes and in an animal model. We conclude that whether AHA is a friend or foe of human skin depends on its concentration. These mechanisms of AHAs are currently well understood, aiding the development of novel approaches for the prevention of UV-induced skin damage.
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Fulop AM, Dhimmer S, Deluca JR, Johanson DD, Lenz RV, Patel KB, Douris PC, Enwemeka CS. A Meta-analysis of the Efficacy of Phototherapy in Tissue Repair. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:695-702. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andras M. Fulop
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Seema Dhimmer
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - James R. Deluca
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - David D. Johanson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Richard V. Lenz
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Keyuri B. Patel
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Peter C. Douris
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Chukuka S. Enwemeka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
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Sasaki GH, Oberg K, Tucker B, Gaston M. The effectiveness and safety of topical PhotoActif phosphatidylcholine-based anti-cellulite gel and LED (red and near-infrared) light on Grade II-III thigh cellulite: a randomized, double-blinded study. J COSMET LASER THER 2007; 9:87-96. [PMID: 17558758 DOI: 10.1080/14764170701213439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulite of the upper lateral and posterior thighs and lower buttocks represents a common, physiological and unwanted condition whose etiologies and effective management are subjects of continued debate. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this controlled, double-blinded study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel phosphatidylcholine-based, cosmeceutical anti-cellulite gel combined with a light-emitting diode (LED) array at the wavelengths of red (660 nm) and near-infrared (950 nm), designed to counter the possible mechanisms that purportedly accentuate the presence of thigh cellulite. METHODS Nine healthy female volunteers with Grade II-III thigh cellulite were randomly treated twice daily with an active gel on one thigh and a placebo gel on the control thigh for 3 months. Twice weekly, each thigh was exposed for a 15-minute treatment with LED light for a total of 24 treatments. At 0, 6, and 12 weeks of the study the following clinical determinants were obtained: standardized digital photography, height and weight measurements, standardized thigh circumference tape measurements, pinch testing, body mass index (kg/m2), body fat analysis (Futrex-5500/XL near-infrared analyzer), and digital high-resolution ultrasound imaging of the dermal-adiposal border. In selected patients, full-thickness biopsies of the placebo and active-treated sites were obtained. At 18 months, repeat standardized digital photography, height and weight measurements, and body mass index measurements were obtained. RESULTS At the end of 3 months, eight of nine thighs treated with the phosphatidylcholine-based, anti-cellulite gel and LED treatments were downgraded to a lower cellulite grade by clinical examination, digital photography, and pinch test assessment. Digital ultrasound at the dermal-adiposal interface demonstrated not only a statistically significant reduction of immediate hypodermal depth, but also less echo-like intrusions into the dermal layer. Three of six biopsies from thighs treated for 3 months with the active gel and LED treatments demonstrated less intrusion of subcutaneous fat into the papillary and reticular dermis. In nine placebo and LED-treated thighs and one of the actively treated thighs, minimal clinical changes were observed or measured by the clinical determinants throughout the 3-month study. At the month-18 evaluation period for the eight responsive thighs, five thighs reverted back to their original cellulite grading, while three thighs continued to maintain their improved status. Patients experienced minimal and transient side effects that included puritus, erythema and swelling. CONCLUSIONS The results of this small but well-documented, randomized, double-blinded study affirms that eight of nine thighs with Grade II-III cellulite responded positively to a novel, combined 3-month treatment program of a phosphatidylcholine-based, anti-cellulite gel and LED exposure, as determined by the clinical determinants obtained. Patients experienced minimal and transient side effects. At the month-18 evaluation period (15 months after treatment), five responsive thighs reverted back to their original cellulite grading, indicating a need for maintenance treatment. Future studies are needed to verify these tentative positive observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Sasaki
- Sasaki Advanced Aesthetic Medical Center, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
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Trelles MA, Mordon S, Calderhead RG. Facial rejuvenation and light: our personal experience. Lasers Med Sci 2006; 22:93-9. [PMID: 17122954 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-006-0418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of ageing skin remains a very hot topic, and many systems have been reported as having varying degrees of success. Nonablative lasers were developed to avoid the problematic and uncomfortable sequelae following laser ablative resurfacing, and while there was no downtime, there was also poor patient satisfaction. The same was true of the intense pulsed light systems. The use of different modalities in various combinations was found to offer much better results, however, such as a 595-nm pulsed dye laser followed by a 1,450-nm diode laser, and so on, all used at subablative thresholds. The recent entry of blue and infrared tunable plasma light and light-emitting diodes into the skin rejuvenation arena has attracted a great deal of attention. The authors suggest that no single modality can accomplish all the complex events required for effective skin rejuvenation, suggest that combination phototherapy is the best approach combined with an adjunctive epidermal care regimen, and demonstrate their development of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Trelles
- Instituto Médico Vilafortuny, Antoni de Gimbernat Foundation, Cambrils, Spain.
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