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Luo X, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu B, Xie L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Jin X. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Bruguiera Genus and Its Endophytes: A Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:158. [PMID: 38667775 PMCID: PMC11050931 DOI: 10.3390/md22040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Bruguiera, a member of the Rhizophoraceae family, is predominantly found in coastal areas as a mangrove plant, boasting a rich and diverse community of endophytes. This review systematically compiled approximately 496 compounds derived from both the Bruguiera genus and its associated endophytes, including 152 terpenoids, 17 steroids, 16 sulfides, 44 alkaloids and peptides, 66 quinones, 68 polyketides, 19 flavonoids, 38 phenylpropanoids, 54 aromatic compounds, and 22 other compounds. Among these, 201 compounds exhibited a spectrum of activities, including cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, insecticidal and mosquito repellent, and enzyme inhibitory properties, etc. These findings provided promising lead compounds for drug discovery. Certain similar or identical compounds were found to be simultaneously present in both Bruguiera plants and their endophytes, and the phenomenon of their interaction relationship was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongming Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lian Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Yan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Job N, Sarasan M, Philip R. Mangrove-associated endomycota: diversity and functional significance as a source of novel drug leads. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:349. [PMID: 37789248 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known for their unprecedented ability to produce novel lead compounds of clinical and pharmaceutical importance. This review focuses on the unexplored fungal diversity associated with mangroves, emphasizing their biodiversity, distribution, and methodological approaches targeting isolation, and identification. Also highlights the bioactive compounds reported from the mangrove fungal endophytes. The compounds are categorized according to their reported biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic property. In addition, protein kinase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibition, antiangiogenic, DNA-binding affinity, and calcium/potassium channel blocking activity are also reported. Exploration of these endophytes as a source of pharmacologically important compounds will be highly promising in the wake of emerging antibiotic resistance among pathogens. Thus, the aim of this review is to present a detailed report of mangrove derived endophytic fungi and to open an avenue for researchers to discover the possibilities of exploring these hidden mycota in developing novel drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Job
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Manomi Sarasan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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Zhang Y, Lin M, Qin Y, Lu H, Xu X, Gao C, Liu Y, Luo W, Luo X. Anti-Vibrio potential of natural products from marine microorganisms. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115330. [PMID: 37011553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Vibrio poses a serious threat to aquaculture and human health, thus there is an urgent need for the discovery of new related antibiotics. Given that marine microorganisms (MMs) are evidenced as important sources of antibacterial natural products (NPs), great attention has been gained to the exploration of potential anti-Vibrio agents from MMs. This review summarizes the occurrence, structural diversity, and biological activities of 214 anti-Vibrio NPs isolated from MMs (from 1999 to July 2022), including 108 new compounds. They were predominantly originated from marine fungi (63%) and bacteria (30%) with great structural diversity, including polyketides, nitrogenous compounds, terpenoids, and steroids, among which polyketides account for nearly half (51%) of them. This review will shed light on the development of MMs derived NPs as potential anti-Vibrio lead compounds with promising applications in agriculture and human health.
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Khan B, Li Y, Wei W, Liu G, Xiao C, He B, Zhang C, Rajput NA, Ye Y, Yan W. Chemical Investigation of Endophytic Diaporthe unshiuensis YSP3 Reveals New Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Agents. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9. [PMID: 36836251 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the plant-derived endophytic fungus Diaporthe unshiuensis YSP3 led to the isolation of four new compounds (1-4), including two new xanthones (phomopthane A and B, 1 and 2), one new alternariol methyl ether derivative (3) and one α-pyrone derivative (phomopyrone B, 4), together with eight known compounds (5-12). The structures of new compounds were interpreted on the basis of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All new compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.92 µM and 7.50 µM, respectively, while compound 3 has an antibacterial effect on Bacillus subtilis (MIC value 16 μg/mL).
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Wang Y, Huang Q, Zhang L, Zheng C, Xu H. Biphenyls in Clusiaceae: Isolation, structure diversity, synthesis and bioactivity. Front Chem 2022; 10:987009. [PMID: 36531325 PMCID: PMC9751493 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.987009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusiaceae plants contain a wide range of biologically active metabolites that have gotten a lot of interest in recent decades. The chemical compositions of these plants have been demonstrated to have positive effects on a variety of ailments. The species has been studied for over 70 years, and many bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified, including xanthones, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), benzophenones, and biphenyls. Prenylated side chains have been discovered in many of these bioactive substances. To date, there have been numerous studies on PPAPs and xanthones, while no comprehensive review article on biphenyls from Clusiaceae has been published. The unique chemical architectures and growing biological importance of biphenyl compounds have triggered a flurry of research and interest in their isolation, biological evaluation, and mechanistic studies. In particular, the FDA-approved drugs such as sonidegib, tazemetostat, daclatasvir, sacubitril and trifarotene are closely related to their biphenyl-containing moiety. In this review, we summarize the progress and development in the chemistry and biological activity of biphenyls in Clusiaceae, providing an in-depth discussion of their structural diversity and medicinal potential. We also present a preliminary discussion of the biological effects with or without prenyl groups on the biphenyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Zheng, ; Hongxi Xu,
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Zheng, ; Hongxi Xu,
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Silva DPD, Cardoso MS, Macedo AJ. Endophytic Fungi as a Source of Antibacterial Compounds-A Focus on Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1509. [PMID: 36358164 PMCID: PMC9687006 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has become one of the main motives in the worldwide race for undescribed antibacterial agents. The difficulties in the treatment of bacterial infections are a public health issue that increasingly highlights the need for antimicrobial agents. Endophytic microorganisms are a promising alternative in the search for drugs, due to the vast number of metabolites produced with unique characteristics and bioactive potential. This review highlights the importance of endophytic microorganisms as a source of secondary metabolites in the search for active molecules against bacteria of medical importance, with a special focus on gram-negative species. This fact is supported by the findings raised in this review, which brings an arsenal of 166 molecules with characterized chemical structures and their antibacterial activities. In addition, the low cost, ease of maintenance, and optimization-controlled fermentation conditions favor reproducibility in commercial scale. Given their importance, it is necessary to intensify the search for new molecules from endophytic microorganisms, and to increasingly invest in this very promising font.
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Usami Y, Kubo Y, Takagaki T, Kuroiwa N, Ono J, Nishikawa K, Nakamizu A, Tatsui Y, Harusawa S, Hayama N, Yoneyama H. CuI-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of 4-Iodopyrazoles and Alcohols: Application toward Withasomnine and Homologs. Molecules 2021; 26:3370. [PMID: 34199652 PMCID: PMC8199780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct 4-alkoxylation of 4-iodo-1H-pyrazoles with alcohols was achieved by a CuI-catalyzed coupling protocol. The optimal reaction conditions employed excess alcohol and potassium t-butoxide (2 equiv) in the presence of CuI (20 mol%) and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (20 mol%) at 130 °C for 1 h under microwave irradiation. The present method was efficiently applied to the synthesis of withasomnine and its six- and seven-membered cyclic homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Usami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.T.); (N.K.); (J.O.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (Y.T.); (S.H.); (N.H.); (H.Y.)
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Xu TC, Lu YH, Wang JF, Song ZQ, Hou YG, Liu SS, Liu CS, Wu SH. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010-2019. Microorganisms 2021; 9:217. [PMID: 33494367 PMCID: PMC7912663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of Diaporthe and Phomopsis during 2010-2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Diaporthe and Phomopsis exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao-Hua Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (T.-C.X.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-F.W.); (Z.-Q.S.); (Y.-G.H.); (S.-S.L.); (C.-S.L.)
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Zheng R, Li S, Zhang X, Zhao C. Biological Activities of Some New Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Endophytic Fungi: A Review Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:959. [PMID: 33478038 PMCID: PMC7835970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungi have been getting more and more attention. Some secondary metabolites exhibit high biological activities, hence, they have potential to be used for promising lead compounds in drug discovery. In this review, a total of 134 journal articles (from 2017 to 2019) were reviewed and the chemical structures of 449 new metabolites, including polyketides, terpenoids, steroids and so on, were summarized. Besides, various biological activities and structure-activity relationship of some compounds were aslo described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, 19 XinjiekouWai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
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Auranwiwat C, Limtharakul T, Pyne SG, Rattanajak R, Kamchonwongpaisan S. A new xanthone and a biphenyl from the flower and twig extracts of Garcinia mckeaniana. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:3404-3409. [PMID: 31842629 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the flower and twig extracts of Garcinia mckeaniana yielded a new xanthone, mckeanianone F (1) and a new biphenyl, mckeaniabiphenyl (2) together with 15 known compounds. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. Some of the isolated compounds from the twigs exhibited antimalarial and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiramet Auranwiwat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Expert Center of Innovative Health Food, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Phathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thunwadee Limtharakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Roonglawan Rattanajak
- Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Natural Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Natural Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
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Abstract
Two new anthraquinone derivatives, alterporriol Y (1) and macrosporin 2-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with five known analogues (3-7) were isolated from the fungus Stemphylium lycopersici associated with the gorgonian coral Dichotella gemmacea collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations were determined by the ECD method. In an in vitro cytotoxic assay, compound 3 and 4 showed potent effects against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compound 4 also exhibited cytotoxicity toward Huh7 stem cell-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bing Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ming-Xiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Abstract
Covering: January to December 2017This review covers the literature published in 2017 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 740 citations (723 for the period January to December 2017) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 477 papers for 2017), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Geographic distributions of MNPs at a phylogenetic level are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Abstract
Cultivation of the marine-derived Aspergillus versicolor MCCC 3A00080 with the addition of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), significantly enhanced the diversity of secondary metabolites. From the culture treated, a new biphenyl derivative, named versiperol A (1), along with two known compounds, 2,4-dimethoxyphenol (2) and diorcinol (3) were isolated. The structures of 1-3 were established based on spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Among the isolates, versiperol A (1) exhibited modest inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth with MIC value of 8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xuan Zhu
- a Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center , Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Lijian Ding
- a Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center , Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,b Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Shan He
- a Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center , Ningbo University , Ningbo , China.,b Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
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