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Martins AM, Adão Malafaia CR, Nunes RM, Mecenas AS, De Moura PHB, Muzitano MF, Machado TDB, Carneiro CDS, Leal ICR. Nutritional, chemical and functional potential of Inga laurina (Fabaceae): A barely used edible species. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113751. [PMID: 38309858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Inga laurina is a plant species which produces edible fruits, and until now there is little information available concerning its nutritional, chemical and bioactive composition. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the proximate composition and mineral contents in its fruit (peel, pulp and seed), that is the traditionally consumed part. The seeds obtained the highest protein (19.52 g/100 g), carbohydrate (22.5 g/100 g) and mineral contents, mainly Cu, Cr, P, Mn, Se and Zn. The peel and pulp were excellent sources of fiber (4.5 and 11.05 g/100 g) as well as mineral content, with Cr and Cu standing out in the pulp. This study is notably the first to provide a detailed assessment of the nutritional compositions of traditionally consumed and not consumed parts of this fruit. Sensory analysis of the pulp was also performed, which indicated good acceptance. The antioxidant properties were characterized in the fruit, peels and leaves. The ABTS test showed that leaf supernatant hydroethanolic crude extract (EC50 = 2.70 μg/mL) and its corresponding ethyl acetate (EC50 = 1.68 µg/mL) and butanol (EC50 = 2.48 µg/mL) partitions presented higher antioxidant potential compared to the control Ginkgo biloba (EC50 = 12.17 µg/mL). The most active precipitate extract regarding DPPH was from the peel (EC50 = 13.30 μg /mL) and the most active partition was the ethyl acetate (EC50 = 13.37 μg/mL), both with better activity compared to the control Ginkgo biloba (EC50 = 46.97 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate partition (EC50 = 13.45 μg/mL) and butanol partition (EC50 = 7.97 μg/mL) from the leaves showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Thus, extracts and partitions from the peels and leaves were studied from a phytochemical point of view due to presenting the best results for antioxidant capacity. The presence of phenolic compounds such as myricetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside and myricetin-3-O-(2″,4″-di-O-galloyl)-arabinopentoside-methyl ether were observed in the leaf crude extract and polar partitions, being reported for the first time in the Inga genus and Fabaceae family. Moreover, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-galatoctoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside, and quercetin tri-hexose were identified in the peel crude extract and ethyl acetate partition, in which the galloyl derivative of quercetin was identified for the first time in I. laurina fruit peels. GC-MS enabled separating and identifying substances such as palmitic and stearic acids, and ethyl oleate. It is possible to conclude that I. laurina pulp can be a supplementary food as a source of phenolic compounds, and the other organs of the plant (leaves and peel) are rich in flavonoids with great antioxidant capacity, making this species a promising source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Medeiros Martins
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, LaProNEB, Department of Natural Products and Foods, Center of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Adão Malafaia
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, LaProNEB, Department of Natural Products and Foods, Center of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Machado Nunes
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, LaProNEB, Department of Natural Products and Foods, Center of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anete Souza Mecenas
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, LaProNEB, Department of Natural Products and Foods, Center of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Homobono Britto De Moura
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, LaProNEB, Department of Natural Products and Foods, Center of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Frazão Muzitano
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Pharmacy Course, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé Campus, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil
| | - Thelma de Barros Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering, School of Engineering, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Passo da Pátria156, São Domingos, 24210-240, Niterói-RJ, Brazil; REQUIMTE/Dep. Chemical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla da Silva Carneiro
- Laboratory Development and Sensory Analysis of Food, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ivana Correa Ramos Leal
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, LaProNEB, Department of Natural Products and Foods, Center of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Metabolic Profiling of Inga Species with Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154695. [PMID: 35897874 PMCID: PMC9331837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated the metabolic profiling of Inga species with antitumor potential. In addition, we described the antigenotoxicity of polyphenols isolated from I. laurina and a proteomic approach using HepG2 cells after treatment with these metabolites. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2, HT-29 and T98G cancer cell lines was investigated. The assessment of genotoxic damage was carried out through the comet assay. The ethanolic extract from I. laurina seeds was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and the most active fractions were characterized. One bioactive fraction with high cytotoxicity against HT-29 human colon cancer cells (IC50 = 4.0 µg mL−1) was found, and it was characterized as a mixture of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-vinyl-phenol. The I. edulis fruit peel (IC50 = 18.6 µg mL−1) and I. laurina seed (IC50 = 15.2 µg mL−1) extracts had cytotoxic activity against the cell line T98G, and its chemical composition showed a variety of phenolic acids. The chemical composition of this species indicated a wide variety of aromatic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and carotenoids. The high concentration (ranging from 5% to 30%) of these polyphenols in the bioactive extract may be responsible for the antitumor potential. Regarding the proteomic approach, we detected proteins directly related to the elimination of ROS, DNA repair, expression of tumor proteins, and apoptosis.
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