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Takeuchi R, Nomura T, Yaguchi M, Taguchi C, Suzuki I, Suzuki H, Matsumoto H, Okada Y, Arikawa K, Nomoto T, Hiratsuka K. 18‑α‑glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis in gingival fibroblasts exposed to phenytoin. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:297. [PMID: 38868612 PMCID: PMC11168035 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenytoin (PHT)-induced gingival overgrowth is caused by the increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts in inflammatory gingiva. Licorice has long been used as a component of therapeutic preparations. It inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis and has anti-inflammatory effects. 18-α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA), the active compound in licorice, promotes apoptosis in various types of cells. The present study determined whether 18α-GA affects apoptosis in gingival fibroblasts exposed to PHT. The present study aimed to establish a basis for the therapeutic application of 18α-GA to treat the gingival overgrowth induced by PHT. Human gingival fibroblasts from healthy donors were cultured to semi-confluence and then stimulated in serum-free DMEM containing PHT with or without 18α-GA for subsequent experiments. Apoptotic cells were detected by ELISA. Analysis of the distribution of cell cycle phases and the apoptotic cell population was performed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of mRNAs and proteins of apoptotic regulators were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Caspase (CASP) activities were assessed by an ELISA. Treatment with 18α-GA markedly increased the number of apoptotic cells, reduced BCL2 mRNA expression, increased CASP2 and receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) domain containing adaptor with death domain, Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain, RIPK1, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; member 1A, TNF receptor-associated factor 2, CASP2, CASP3 and CASP9 mRNA expression, and also upregulated the protein expression levels and activities of caspase-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9. These results demonstrated that 18α-GA induced apoptosis through the activation of the Fas and TNF pathways in the death receptor signaling pathway in gingival fibroblasts treated with PHT. 18α-GA exhibited therapeutic potential for the treatment of PHT-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiri Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Nomura
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Manabu Yaguchi
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Chieko Taguchi
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Itaru Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Haruka Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Okada
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Kazumune Arikawa
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takato Nomoto
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Koichi Hiratsuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Yang G, Qi Z, Shan S, Xie D, Tan X. Advances in Separation, Biological Properties, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triterpenoids Derived from Camellia oleifera Abel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4574-4586. [PMID: 38385335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on Camellia oleifera Abel., a cultivar predominantly distributed in China, to investigate its phytochemical composition, owning to its potential as an edible oil crop. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, as essential active constituents, play a significant role in contributing to the pharmacological effects of this cultivar. The saponins derived from C. oleifera (CoS) offer a diverse array of bioactivity benefits, including antineoplastic/bactericidal/inflammatory properties, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, as well as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation and pharmacological properties of CoS. Specially, we attempt to reveal the antitumor structure-activity relationship (SAR) of CoS-derived triterpenoids. The active substitution sites of CoS, namely, C-3, C-15, C-16, C-21, C-22, C-23, and C-28 pentacyclic triterpenoids, make it a unique and highly valuable substance with significant medicinal and culinary applications. As such, CoS can play a critical role in transforming people's lives, providing unique medicinal benefits, and contributing to the advancement of both medicine and cuisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijie Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xie
- Loudi City Farmer Quality Education Center, Loudi, Hunan 417000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-Wood Forest Tree, Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
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Mohany KM, Abdel Shakour AB, Mohamed SI, Hanna RS, Nassar AY. Cytotoxic n-Hexane Fraction of the Egyptian Pteris vittata Functions as Anti-breast Cancer Through Coordinated Actions on Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6927-6941. [PMID: 36951939 PMCID: PMC10643356 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the possible anticancer mechanisms of Pteris vittata [PV] n-hexane extract on MCF-7 [breast cancer cell line]. Cultured cell lines were treated with various concentrations of this extract ± Baf-A1 [autophagic inhibitor]. Cells' viability, apoptotic markers [caspase-7, Bax, and Bcl-2], autophagic markers [light chain 3 [LC-3] and P62/SQSTM1]], and the tumor suppressor P53 and its mRNA were checked by their corresponding methods. Treated cell lines showed significant concentration and time-dependent reductions in cell viability in response to PV-n-hexane extract and also exhibited a concomitant induction of apoptosis [increased chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and pro-apoptotic Bax, and cleaved caspase-7 levels while decreased Bcl-2 levels] and autophagy [increased autophagosomes vacuoles, and LC3B II levels while decreased P62/SQSTM1 levels]. Moreover, PV-n-hexane extract-treated cells showed significant increases in the P53 and its mRNA levels. The addition of Baf-A1 reversed the PV-n-hexane extract autophagic effects and increased apoptotic cell percentage with a much increase in the cleaved caspase-7 and P53 protein and its mRNA levels. We concluded that the PV-n-hexane extract exhibits cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 cell line with significant reductions in cell viability and concomitant autophagy and apoptosis induction. Inhibition of autophagy in the PV-treated MCF-7 cells enhances apoptosis via a p35-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Mohany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Abo Bakr Abdel Shakour
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | | | - Randa Samir Hanna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Nassar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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Wei AH, Zeng L, Ruan JL, Zhou DN. Apoptosis induced by DICO, a novel non-aromatic B-ring flavonoid via a ROS-dependent mechanism in human colon cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6050-6055. [PMID: 35253534 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Lan Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-Nian Zhou
- Postdoctoral Programme, Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
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Das S, Shukla N, Singh SS, Kushwaha S, Shrivastava R. Mechanism of interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer. Apoptosis 2021; 26:512-533. [PMID: 34510317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of two programmed cell death pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis, are extensively focused areas of research in the context of cancer. Both the catabolic pathways play a significant role in maintaining cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Autophagy facilitates this by degradation and elimination of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, while apoptosis induces canonical cell death in response to various stimuli. Ideally, both autophagy and apoptosis have a role in tumor suppression, as autophagy helps in eliminating the tumor cells, and apoptosis prevents their survival. However, as cancer proceeds, autophagy exhibits a dual role by enhancing cancer cell survival in response to stress conditions like hypoxia, thereby promoting chemoresistance to the tumor cells. Thus, any inadequacy in either of their levels can lead to tumor progression. A complex array of biomarkers is involved in maintaining coordination between the two by acting as either positive or negative regulators of one or both of these pathways of cell death. The resulting crosstalk between the two and its role in influencing the survival or death of malignant cells makes it quintessential, among other challenges facing chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In view of this, the present review aims to highlight some of the factors involved in maintaining their diaphony and stresses the importance of inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy and deletion of the intermediate pathways involved to facilitate tumor cell death. This will pave the way for future prospects in designing drug combinations facilitating the synergistic effect of autophagy and apoptosis in achieving cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Zang L, Xu H, Huang C, Wang C, Wang R, Chen Y, Wang L, Wang H. A link between chemical structure and biological activity in triterpenoids. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:145-161. [PMID: 33982656 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210512031635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants with triterpenoid compounds in nature have various biological activities and are reported in many scientific works of literature. Triterpenoids are compounds that draw the attention of scientists because of their wide source, wide variety, high medicinal value, and anti-tumor properties. However, a lack of approach to understand their chemical structures has limited the fundamental comprehension of these compounds in cancer cell therapy. OBJECTIVE To seek anti-cancer activity of the structures of triterpenoid compounds and their derivatives, we summarized a number of plants and their derivatives that are a source of potential novel therapeutic anti-cancer agents. METHODS This work focuses on relevant 1036 patents and references that detail the structure of organic compounds and derivatives for the treatment of tumors. RESULT Compared to tetracyclic triterpenoid, pentacyclic triterpenoid has contributed more to improve the autophagic signaling pathways of cancer cells. CONCLUSION The heterogenous skeleton structure of triterpenoids impaired the programmed cell death signaling pathway in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Cunqin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Rongbin Wang
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Hongting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Orouei S, Saberifar S, Salami S, Hushmandi K, Najafi M. Recent advances and future directions in anti-tumor activity of cryptotanshinone: A mechanistic review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:155-179. [PMID: 33507609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In respect to the enhanced incidence rate of cancer worldwide, studies have focused on cancer therapy using novel strategies. Chemotherapy is a common strategy in cancer therapy, but its adverse effects and chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. So, attempts have been directed towards minimally invasive cancer therapy using plant derived-natural compounds. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a component of salvia miltiorrihiza Bunge, well-known as Danshen and has a variety of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective. Recently, studies have focused on anti-tumor activity of CT against different cancers. Notably, this herbal compound is efficient in cancer therapy by targeting various molecular signaling pathways. In the present review, we mechanistically describe the anti-tumor activity of CT with an emphasis on molecular signaling pathways. Then, we evaluate the potential of CT in cancer immunotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells into anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents, and elevating accumulation of anti-tumor drugs in cancer cells. Finally, we mention strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CT, for instance, using nanoparticles to provide targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Salami
- DVM. Graduated, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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