New pentacyclic triterpene from Potentilla atrosanguinea Lodd. as anticancer agent for breast cancer targeting estrogen receptor-α

Chemical Composition, In vitro and In silico Evaluation of Essential Oil from Ocimum tenuiflorum and Coriandrum sativum Linn for Lung Cancer

BACKGROUND

Medicinal plants play an essential role in everyday life; plants highly contain therapeutic phytoconstituents commonly used to treat various diseases. This paper discusses the Chemical composition, In vitro antiproliferative activity and In silico study of essential oil extracted from Ocimum tenuiflorum (family Lamiaceae) and Coriandrum sativum (family Apiaceae).

OBJECTIVE

In present study GC-MS was used to identify the chemical constituents from O. tenuiflorum and C. sativum. In vitro antiproliferative activity was performed on A549 cancer cell lines. In silico study was performed by Schrodinger's maestro software to identify chemical constituents in both plants as potential EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer.

METHODS

The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation from aerial parts of O. tenuiflorum and C. sativum. The volatile oil sample was analyzed by (GC-MS) Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry. Different chemical constituents were identified based on the retention index and compared with the NIST library. The oil samples from O. tenuiflorum and C. sativum was also evaluated for antiproliferative activity against human lung cancer A549 cell lines. In silico study was performed by Schrodinger maestro software against EGFR (PDB ID 5HG8).

RESULTS

O. tenuiflorum essential oil contains Eugenol (42.90%), 2-β-Elemene (25.98%), β- Caryophyllene (19.12%) are the major constituents. On the other side, C. sativum contains nnonadecanol- 1 (16.37%), decanal (12.37%), dodecanal (12.27%), 2-Dodecanal (9.67%), Phytol (8.81%) as the major constituents. Both the oils have shown in vitro antiproliferative activity against human lung cancer cell lines A549 having IC50 values of 38.281 μg/ml (O. tenuiflorum) and 74.536 μg/ml (C. sativum). Molecular interactions of constituents hydro distilled from two oils was analysed by schrodinger maestro software against EGFR (PDB ID 5HG8).

CONCLUSION

The oil sample extracted from O. tenuiflorum showed more antiproliferative activity than C. sativum. In silico study showed that two chemical constituents, namely di-isobutyl phthalate (-7.542 kcal/mol) and dibutyl phthalate (-7.181 kcal/mol) from O. tenuiflorum and one diethyl phthalate (-7.224 kcal/mol) from C. sativum having more docking score than standard Osimertinib which indicates the effectiveness of oils for lung cancer.

Discovery of plant-derived anti-tumor natural products: Potential leads for anti-tumor drug discovery

Natural products represent a paramount source of novel drugs. Numerous plant-derived natural products have demonstrated potent anti-tumor properties, thereby garnering considerable interest in their potential as anti-tumor drugs. This review compiles an overview of 242 recently discovered natural products, spanning the period from 2018 to the present. These natural products, which include 69 terpenoids, 42 alkaloids, 39 flavonoids, 21 steroids, 14 phenylpropanoids, 5 quinolines and 52 other compounds, are characterized by their respective chemical structures, anti-tumor activities, and mechanisms of action. By providing an essential reference and fresh insights, this review aims to support and inspire researchers engaged in the fields of natural products and anti-tumor drug discovery.

Flavonoids as P-glycoprotein inhibitors for multidrug resistance in cancer: an in-silico approach

Cancer has become a leading cause of mortality due to non-communicable diseases after cardiovascular disease worldwide and is increasing day by day at a daunting pace. According to an estimate by 2040 there will be 28.4 million cancer cases. Occurrence of multidrug resistance has further worsened the scenario of available cancer treatment. Among different mechanisms of multidrug resistance efflux of xenobiotics by ABC transporter is of prime importance. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the major factor behind occurrence of multidrug resistance due to its wide distribution and invariably big binding cavity. Various generations of chemical inhibitors for P-gp have been designed and tested are not devoid of major side effects. Thus, in present study flavonoids a major class of natural compounds was virtually screened in order to find molecules which can be used as selective P-gp inhibitors to be used along with chemotherapeutics. After screening 4275 molecules from different classes of flavonoids i.e. flavan, flavanol, flavonone, flavone, anthocyanins, and isoflavone, through Glide docking top ten hit molecules were selected based on their binding affinity, binding energy calculation and pharmacokinetic properties. All the hit molecules were found to have docking score within the range of -11.202 to -9.699 kcal/mol showing very strong interaction with the amino acid residues of binding pocket. Whereas, dock score of standard P-gp inhibitor verapamil was -4.984 kcal/mol. The ligand and protein complex were found to be quite stable while run through molecular dynamics simulations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Phytochemicals with Anticancer Activity: Updated Studies on Mechanisms and Targeted Delivery

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (TTs) represent a unique family of phytochemicals with interesting properties and pharmacological effects, with some representatives, such as betulinic acid (BA) and betulin (B), being mainly investigated as potential anticancer molecules. Considering the recent scientific and preclinical investigations, a review of their anticancer mechanisms, structure-related activity, and efficiency improved by their insertion in nanolipid vehicles for targeted delivery is presented. A systematic literature study about their effects on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, as free molecules or encapsulated in liposomes or nanolipids, is discussed. A special approach is given to liposome-TTs and nanolipid-TTs complexes to be linked to microbubbles, known as contrast agents in ultrasonography. The production of such supramolecular conjugates to deliver the drugs to target cells via sonoporation represents a new scientific and applicative direction to improve TT efficiency, considering that they have limited availability as lipophilic molecules. Relevant and recent examples of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as the challenges for the next steps towards the application of these complex delivery systems to tumor cells, are discussed, as are the challenges for the next steps towards the application of targeted delivery to tumor cells, opening new directions for innovative nanotechnological solutions.

Gypsogenin Battling for a Front Position in the Pentacyclic Triterpenes Game of Thrones on Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Critical Review-Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Hanaa M. Rady

In the last decade, gypsogenin has attracted widespread attention from medicinal chemists by virtue of its prominent anti-cancer potential. Despite its late identification, gypsogenin has proved itself as a new anti-proliferative player battling for a frontline position among other classic pentacyclic triterpenes such as oleanolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and celastrol. Herein, we present the most important reactions of gypsogenin via modification of its four functional groups. Furthermore, we demonstrate insights into the anti-cancer activity of gypsogenin and its semisynthetic derivatives and go further by introducing our perspective to judiciously guide the prospective rational design. The present article opens a new venue for a better exploitation of gypsogenin chemical entity as a lead compound in cancer chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article exploring the anti-cancer activity of gypsogenin derivatives.

Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II)

Triterpenic acids are a widespread class of phytocompounds which have been found to possess valuable therapeutic properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, lipolytic, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. They are a subclass of triterpenes bearing a characteristic lipophilic structure that imprints unfavorable in vivo properties which subsequently limit their applications. The early investigation of the mechanism of action (MOA) of a drug candidate can provide valuable information regarding the possible side effects and drug interactions that may occur after administration. The current paper aimed to summarize the most recent (last 5 years) studies regarding the MOA of betulinic acid, boswellic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, madecassic acid, moronic acid, and pomolic acid in order to provide scientists with updated and accessible material on the topic that could contribute to the development of future studies; the paper stands as the sequel of our previously published paper regarding the MOA of triterpenic acids with therapeutic value. The recent literature published on the topic has highlighted the role of triterpenic acids in several signaling pathways including PI3/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, JNK-p38, HIF-α/AMPK, and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK, which trigger their various biological activities.