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Ismail TI, El-Khazragy N, Azzam RA. In the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents: synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and physicochemical insights of novel pyrimidine-based 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16332-16348. [PMID: 38769969 PMCID: PMC11103668 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a worldwide healthcare undertaking, demanding continual innovation in anticancer drug development due to frequent drug resistance and adverse effects associated with existing therapies. The benzothiazole compounds, particularly 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives, have attracted interest for their versatility in generating novel anticancer agents. This study explores the synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of new pyrimidine-based 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives. A range of synthetic methods have been developed based on the reaction of 2-benzothaizolyl guanidine with various reagents such as α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, 2-cyano-three-(dimethylamino)-N-acrylamide, β-diketones, β-keto esters, and S,S ketene dithioacetals. Human tumour cell lines such as HepG2, HCT116, and MCF7 were used in in vitro cytotoxicity studies, and the results showed that several of the synthesized compounds were more potent than the standard drug, 5-fluorouracil, in terms of cell viability% with low IC50. Furthermore, the computed drug likeness and ADMET properties of the most potent synthesized compounds suggest their potential as promising candidates for further development, with favorable bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toka I Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Cairo 11795 Egypt
| | - Nashwa El-Khazragy
- Department of Clinical Pathology-Hematology, Ain Shams Medical Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM) Cairo 11599 Egypt
| | - Rasha A Azzam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Cairo 11795 Egypt
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32858-32892. [PMID: 37942237 PMCID: PMC10628940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the utilization of microwave energy has experienced an extraordinary surge, leading to the introduction of innovative and revolutionary applications across various fields of chemistry such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, organic synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of selected heterocycles. We highlight the use of microwave irradiation as an effective method for constructing a diverse range of molecules with high yield and selectivity. We also emphasize the impact of microwave irradiation on the efficient synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles that possess bioactive properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor activities. Specific attention is given to the efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds, which have been extensively studied for their potential in drug discovery. The article provides valuable insights into the recent synthetic protocols and trends for the development of new drugs using heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Zhang N, Fan R, Ye Y, Xu J. Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12724. [PMID: 37628906 PMCID: PMC10454718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole derivatives, as a class of heterocyclic compounds, possess unique chemical structures that confer them with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. They have been extensively explored for designing potent and selective anticancer agents. In recent years, numerous pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that appropriate substitution on different positions of the pyrazole ring can significantly enhance anticancer efficacy and tumor selectivity. It is noteworthy that many pyrazole derivatives have demonstrated multiple mechanisms of anticancer action by interacting with various targets including tubulin, EGFR, CDK, BTK, and DNA. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding on the structural features of pyrazole derivatives and their structure-activity relationships with different targets, aiming to facilitate the development of potential pyrazole-based anticancer drugs. We focus on the latest research advances in anticancer activities of pyrazole compounds reported from 2018 to present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chenyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Kashyap P, Verma S, Gupta P, Narang R, Lal S, Devgun M. Recent insights into antibacterial potential of benzothiazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-31. [PMID: 37362317 PMCID: PMC10226039 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide concern among infectious diseases due to increased mortality, morbidity and treatment cost. According to WHO 2019 report, among the 32 antibiotics in the clinical trials, only six were classified as innovative and containing novel moiety. The remaining antibiotics from this list contain previously known moiety (WHO AMR 2019). Therefore, the development of novel antibiotics to control resistance problems is crucial. Benzothiazole derivatives are of great interest due to their wide range of biological activities and medicinal applications. Reported data indicated that benzothiazole derivatives displayed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the dihydroorotase, DNA gyrase, uridine diphosphate-n-acetyl enol pyruvyl glucosamine reductase (MurB), peptide deformylase, aldose reductase, casdihydrofolate reductase, enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase, dialkylglycine decarboxylase, dehydrosqualene synthase, dihydropteroate synthase and tyrosine kinase. The present review analyzed the synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action studies of benzothiazole derivatives as antibacterial agents reported by various research groups in the last five years (2018-2022). Different patents on the antimicrobial activity of benzothiazole derivatives have also been summarized. The finding of the present review will be beneficial for the researchers in the development of novel antibacterial molecules based on benzothiazole moiety. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kashyap
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sangeeta Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sukhbir Lal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Manish Devgun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
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Ahmed EA, Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA. Synthesis of new sulfapyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2175694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Azzam RA, Elboshi HA, Elgemeie GH. Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Molecular Docking of New Benzothiazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents Targeting DHPS Enzyme. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121799. [PMID: 36551457 PMCID: PMC9774648 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug-resistance problem is widely spread and becoming more common in community-acquired and nosocomial strains of bacteria. Therefore, finding new antimicrobial agents remains an important drug target. From this perspective, new derivatives of benzothiazole were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and ability to inhibit the DHPS enzyme. The synthesis was carried out by the reaction of benzothiazole N-arylsulphonylhydrazone with N-aryl-2-cyano-3-(dimethylamino)acrylamide, N-aryl-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one, arylaldehydes or diazonium salt of arylamine derivatives, which led to the formation of N-arylsulfonylpyridones 6a-d (yield 60-70%) and 12a-c (yield 50-60%),N-(2-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-3-arylacryloyl-4-methylsulfonohydrazide 14a-c (yield 60-65%), 4-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one 16a-c (yield 65-75%), and N'-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(2-arylhydrazono)acetyl)-4-arylsulfonohydrazide 19a-e (yield 85-70%). The antimicrobial evaluations resulted into a variety of microbial activities against the tested strains. Most compounds showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with an MIC range of 0.025 to 2.609 mM. The most active compound, 16c, exhibited superior activity against the S. aureus strain with an of MIC 0.025 mM among all tested compounds, outperforming both standard drugs ampicillin and sulfadiazine. The physicochemical-pharmacokinetic properties of the synthesized compounds were studied, and it was discovered that some compounds do not violate rule of five and have good bioavailability and drug-likeness scores. The five antimicrobial potent compounds with good physicochemical-pharmacokinetic properties were then examined for their inhibition of DHPS enzyme. According to the finding, three compounds, 16a-c, had IC50 values comparable to the standard drug and revealed that compound 16b was the most active compound with an IC50 value of 7.85 μg/mL, which is comparable to that of sulfadiazine (standard drug) with an IC50 value of 7.13 μg/mL. A docking study was performed to better understand the interaction of potent compounds with the binding sites of the DHPS enzyme, which revealed that compounds 16a-c are linked by two arene-H interactions with Lys220 within the PABA pocket.
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