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Drenichev MS, Dorinova EO, Varizhuk IV, Oslovsky VE, Varga MA, Esipov RS, Lykoshin DD, Alexeev CS. Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Analogues of Purine Deoxynucleosides: Optimization of Enzymatic Transglycosylation Conditions. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 503:52-58. [PMID: 35538278 PMCID: PMC9090681 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a comparative analysis of the conditions of transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases was carried out, and the optimal conditions for the formation of various nucleosides were determined. Under the optimized conditions of transglycosylation reaction, fluorine-containing derivatives of N6-benzyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, potential inhibitors of replication of enteroviruses in a cell, were obtained starting from the corresponding ribonucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Drenichev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E O Dorinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Varizhuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V E Oslovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Varga
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - R S Esipov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Lykoshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C S Alexeev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Drenichev MS, Oslovsky VE, Zenchenko AA, Danilova CV, Varga MA, Esipov RS, Lykoshin DD, Alexeev CS. Comparative Analysis of Enzymatic Transglycosylation Using E. coli Nucleoside Phosphorylases: A Synthetic Concept for the Preparation of Purine Modified 2′-Deoxyribonucleosides from Ribonucleosides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052795. [PMID: 35269937 PMCID: PMC8911250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative analysis of the transglycosylation conditions catalyzed by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases, leading to the formation of 2'-deoxynucleosides, was performed. We demonstrated that maximal yields of 2'-deoxynucleosides, especially modified, can be achieved under small excess of glycosyl-donor (7-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, thymidine) and a 4-fold lack of phosphate. A phosphate concentration less than equimolar one allows using only a slight excess of the carbohydrate residue donor nucleoside to increase the reaction's output. A three-step methodology was elaborated for the preparative synthesis of purine-modified 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, starting from the corresponding ribonucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S. Drenichev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.D.); (V.E.O.); (A.A.Z.); (C.V.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Vladimir E. Oslovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.D.); (V.E.O.); (A.A.Z.); (C.V.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Anastasia A. Zenchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.D.); (V.E.O.); (A.A.Z.); (C.V.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Claudia V. Danilova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.D.); (V.E.O.); (A.A.Z.); (C.V.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Mikhail A. Varga
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.D.); (V.E.O.); (A.A.Z.); (C.V.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Roman S. Esipov
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.S.E.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Dmitry D. Lykoshin
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.S.E.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Cyril S. Alexeev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.D.); (V.E.O.); (A.A.Z.); (C.V.D.); (M.A.V.)
- Correspondence: or
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Artsemyeva JN, Remeeva EA, Buravskaya TN, Konstantinova ID, Esipov RS, Miroshnikov AI, Litvinko NM, Mikhailopulo IA. Anion exchange resins in phosphate form as versatile carriers for the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2607-2622. [PMID: 33133292 PMCID: PMC7588730 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we suggested anion exchange resins in the phosphate form as a source of phosphate, one of the substrates of the phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and 1-(β-ᴅ-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (Ara-U) catalyzed by recombinant E. coli uridine (UP) and thymidine (TP) phosphorylases. α-ᴅ-Pentofuranose-1-phosphates (PF-1Pis) obtained by phosphorolysis were used in the enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides. It was found that phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and Ara-U in the presence of Dowex® 1X8 (phosphate; Dowex-nPi) proceeded smoothly in the presence of magnesium cations in water at 20-50 °C for 54-96 h giving rise to quantitative formation of the corresponding pyrimidine bases and PF-1Pis. The resulting PF-1Pis can be used in three routes: (1) preparation of barium salts of PF-1Pis, (2) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the crude PF-1Pi with an heterocyclic base, and (3) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the ionically bound PF-1Pi to the resin with an heterocyclic base. These three approaches were tested in the synthesis of nelarabine, kinetin riboside, and cladribine with good to excellent yields (52-93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Artsemyeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Acad. Kuprevicha 5/2, Republic of Belarus
| | - Ekaterina A Remeeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Acad. Kuprevicha 5/2, Republic of Belarus
| | - Tatiana N Buravskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Acad. Kuprevicha 5/2, Republic of Belarus
| | - Irina D Konstantinova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP-7, Moscow B-437, Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Esipov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP-7, Moscow B-437, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly I Miroshnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP-7, Moscow B-437, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia M Litvinko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Acad. Kuprevicha 5/2, Republic of Belarus
| | - Igor A Mikhailopulo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Acad. Kuprevicha 5/2, Republic of Belarus
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Antipov AN, Mordkovich NN, Khijniak TV, Okorokova NA, Veiko VP. Cloning of Nucleoside Phosphorylase Genes from the Extremophilic Bacterium Halomonas chromatireducens AGD 8-3 with the Construction of Recombinant Producer Strains of These Proteins and the Study of Their Enzymatic Properties. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mordkovich NN, Safonova TN, Antipov AN, Manuvera VA, Polyakov KM, Okorokova NA, Veiko VP. Study of Structural-Functional Organization of Nucleoside Phosphorylases of Gammaproteobacteria. Special Aspects of Functioning of Uridine Phosphorylase Phosphate-Binding Site. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fateev IV, Kharitonova MI, Antonov KV, Konstantinova ID, Stepanenko VN, Esipov RS, Seela F, Temburnikar KW, Seley-Radtke KL, Stepchenko VA, Sokolov YA, Miroshnikov AI, Mikhailopulo IA. Recognition of Artificial Nucleobases byE. coliPurine Nucleoside Phosphorylase versus its Ser90Ala Mutant in the Synthesis of Base-Modified Nucleosides. Chemistry 2015; 21:13401-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ye W, Paul D, Gao L, Seckute J, Sangaiah R, Jayaraj K, Zhang Z, Kaminski PA, Ealick SE, Gold A, Ball LM. Ethenoguanines undergo glycosylation by nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferases at non-natural sites. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115082. [PMID: 25521390 PMCID: PMC4270796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribosyl transferases and functionally related purine nucleoside phosphorylases are used extensively for synthesis of non-natural deoxynucleosides as pharmaceuticals or standards for characterizing and quantitating DNA adducts. Hence exploring the conformational tolerance of the active sites of these enzymes is of considerable practical interest. We have determined the crystal structure at 2.1 Å resolution of Lactobacillus helveticus purine deoxyribosyl transferase (PDT) with the tricyclic purine 8,9-dihydro-9-oxoimidazo[2,1-b]purine (N2,3-ethenoguanine) at the active site. The active site electron density map was compatible with four orientations, two consistent with sites for deoxyribosylation and two appearing to be unproductive. In accord with the crystal structure, Lactobacillus helveticus PDT glycosylates the 8,9-dihydro-9-oxoimidazo[2,1-b]purine at N7 and N1, with a marked preference for N7. The activity of Lactobacillus helveticus PDT was compared with that of the nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase enzymes (DRT Type II) from Lactobacillus leichmannii and Lactobacillus fermentum, which were somewhat more effective in the deoxyribosylation than Lactobacillus helveticus PDT, glycosylating the substrate with product profiles dependent on the pH of the incubation. The purine nucleoside phosphorylase of Escherichia coli, also commonly used in ribosylation of non-natural bases, was an order of magnitude less efficient than the transferase enzymes. Modeling based on published active-site structures as templates suggests that in all cases, an active site Phe is critical in orienting the molecular plane of the purine derivative. Adventitious hydrogen bonding with additional active site residues appears to result in presentation of multiple nucleophilic sites on the periphery of the acceptor base for ribosylation to give a distribution of nucleosides. Chemical glycosylation of O9-benzylated 8,9-dihydro-9-oxoimidazo[2,1-b]purine also resulted in N7 and N1 ribosylation. Absent from the enzymatic and chemical glycosylations is the natural pattern of N3 ribosylation, verified by comparison of spectroscopic and chromatographic properties with an authentic standard synthesized by an unambiguous route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ye
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debamita Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Lina Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jolita Seckute
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ramiah Sangaiah
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karupiah Jayaraj
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Steven E. Ealick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise M. Ball
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Fateev IV, Antonov KV, Konstantinova ID, Muravyova TI, Seela F, Esipov RS, Miroshnikov AI, Mikhailopulo IA. The chemoenzymatic synthesis of clofarabine and related 2'-deoxyfluoroarabinosyl nucleosides: the electronic and stereochemical factors determining substrate recognition by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1657-69. [PMID: 25161724 PMCID: PMC4142866 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two approaches to the synthesis of 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (1, clofarabine) were studied. The first approach consists in the chemical synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose-1-phosphate (12a, (2F)Ara-1P) via three step conversion of 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose (9) into the phosphate 12a without isolation of intermediary products. Condensation of 12a with 2-chloroadenine catalyzed by the recombinant E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) resulted in the formation of clofarabine in 67% yield. The reaction was also studied with a number of purine bases (2-aminoadenine and hypoxanthine), their analogues (5-aza-7-deazaguanine and 8-aza-7-deazahypoxanthine) and thymine. The results were compared with those of a similar reaction with α-D-arabinofuranose-1-phosphate (13a, Ara-1P). Differences of the reactivity of various substrates were analyzed by ab initio calculations in terms of the electronic structure (natural purines vs analogues) and stereochemical features ((2F)Ara-1P vs Ara-1P) of the studied compounds to determine the substrate recognition by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases. The second approach starts with the cascade one-pot enzymatic transformation of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose into the phosphate 12a, followed by its condensation with 2-chloroadenine thereby affording clofarabine in ca. 48% yield in 24 h. The following recombinant E. coli enzymes catalyze the sequential conversion of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose into the phosphate 12a: ribokinase (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranose-5-phosphate), phosphopentomutase (PPN; no 1,6-diphosphates of D-hexoses as co-factors required) (12a), and finally PNP. The substrate activities of D-arabinose, D-ribose and D-xylose in the similar cascade syntheses of the relevant 2-chloroadenine nucleosides were studied and compared with the activities of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose. As expected, D-ribose exhibited the best substrate activity [90% yield of 2-chloroadenosine (8) in 30 min], D-arabinose reached an equilibrium at a concentration of ca. 1:1 of a starting base and the formed 2-chloro-9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (6) in 45 min, the formation of 2-chloro-9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine (7) proceeded very slowly attaining ca. 8% yield in 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja V Fateev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Antonov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Irina D Konstantinova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Muravyova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Frank Seela
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roman S Esipov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Miroshnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 GSP, Moscow B-437, Russia
| | - Igor A Mikhailopulo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Acad. Kuprevicha 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wierzchowski J, Wielgus-Kutrowska B, Mikleušević G. Enzymatic synthesis of highly fluorescent 8-azapurine ribosides using a purine nucleoside phosphorylase reverse reaction: variable ribosylation sites. Molecules 2013; 18:12587-98. [PMID: 24126376 PMCID: PMC6270051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various forms of purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) were used as catalysts of enzymatic ribosylation of selected fluorescent 8-azapurines. It was found that the recombinant calf PNP catalyzes ribosylation of 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine in a phosphate-free medium, with ribose-1-phosphate as ribose donor, but the ribosylation site is predominantly N7 and N8, with the proportion of N8/N7 ribosylated products markedly dependent on the reaction conditions. Both products are fluorescent. Application of the E. coli PNP gave a mixture of N8 and N9-substituted ribosides. Fluorescence of the ribosylated 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine has been briefly characterized. The highest quantum yield, ~0.9, was obtained for N9-β-d-riboside (λmax 365 nm), while for N8-β-d-riboside, emitting at ~430 nm, the fluorescence quantum yield was found to be close to 0.4. Ribosylation of 8-azaguanine with calf PNP as a catalyst goes exclusively to N9. By contrast, the E. coli PNP ribosylates 8-azaGua predominantly at N9, with minor, but highly fluorescent products ribosylated at N8/N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Stachelska-Wierzchowska
- Department of Biophysics, University of Varmia & Masuria, 4 Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-5233406; Fax: +48-5234547
| | - Jacek Wierzchowski
- Department of Biophysics, University of Varmia & Masuria, 4 Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Beata Wielgus-Kutrowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Goran Mikleušević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, POB 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mail:
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Serra I, Serra CD, Rocchietti S, Ubiali D, Terreni M. Stabilization of thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli by immobilization and post immobilization techniques. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Biologically important nucleosides: modern trends in biotechnology and application. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Wei XK, Ding QB, Zhang L, Guo YL, Ou L, Wang CL. Induction of nucleoside phosphorylase in Enterobacter aerogenes and enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2008; 9:520-6. [PMID: 18600781 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0710618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) were found to be induced in Enterobacter aerogenes DGO-04, and cytidine and cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) were the best inducers. Five mmol/L to fifteen mmol/L cytidine or CMP could distinctly increase the activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase), uridine phosphorylase (UPase) and thymidine phosphorylase (TPase) when they were added into medium from 0 to 8 h. In the process of enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside from adenine and uracil arabinoside with wet cells of Enterobacter aerogenes DGO-04 induced by cytidine or CMP, the reaction time could be shortened from 36 to 6 h. After enzymatic reaction the activity of NPase in the cells induced remained higher than that in the cells uninduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kun Wei
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
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Pohjala L, Barai V, Azhayev A, Lapinjoki S, Ahola T. A luciferase-based screening method for inhibitors of alphavirus replication applied to nucleoside analogues. Antiviral Res 2008; 78:215-22. [PMID: 18294708 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several members of the widespread alphavirus group are pathogenic, but no therapy is available to treat these RNA virus infections. We report here a quantitative assay to screen for inhibitors of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replication, and demonstrate the effects of 29 nucleosides on SFV and Sindbis virus replication. The anti-SFV assay developed is based on a SFV strain containing Renilla luciferase inserted after the nsP3 coding region, yielding a marker virus in which the luciferase is cleaved out during polyprotein processing. The reporter-gene assay was miniaturized, automated and validated, resulting in a Z' value of 0.52. [3H]uridine labeling for 1 h at the maximal viral RNA synthesis time point was used as a comparative method. Anti-SFV screening and counter-screening for cell viability led to the discovery of several new SFV inhibitors. 3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine was the most potent inhibitor in this set, with an IC50 value of 18 microM in the reporter-gene assay and 2 microM in RNA synthesis rate detection. Besides the 3'-substituted analogues, certain N6-substituted nucleosides had similar IC50 values for both SFV and Sindbis replication, suggesting the applicability of this methodology to alphaviruses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Pohjala
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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