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Strefeler A, Blanco-Fernandez J, Jourdain AA. Nucleosides are overlooked fuels in central carbon metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:290-299. [PMID: 38423899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
From our daily nutrition and synthesis within cells, nucleosides enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body and tissues. Nucleosides and nucleotides are classically viewed as precursors of nucleic acids, but recently they have emerged as a novel energy source for central carbon metabolism. Through catabolism by nucleoside phosphorylases, the ribose sugar group is released and can provide substrates for lower steps in glycolysis. In environments with limited glucose, such as at sites of infection or in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cells can use, and may even require, this alternative energy source. Here, we discuss the implications of these new findings in health and disease and speculate on the potential new roles of nucleosides and nucleic acids in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Strefeler
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CP51, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Joan Blanco-Fernandez
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CP51, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CP51, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Skinner OS, Blanco-Fernández J, Goodman RP, Kawakami A, Shen H, Kemény LV, Joesch-Cohen L, Rees MG, Roth JA, Fisher DE, Mootha VK, Jourdain AA. Salvage of ribose from uridine or RNA supports glycolysis in nutrient-limited conditions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:765-776. [PMID: 37198474 PMCID: PMC10229423 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is vital for life, serving as both a source of energy and carbon building block for growth. When glucose is limiting, alternative nutrients must be harnessed. To identify mechanisms by which cells can tolerate complete loss of glucose, we performed nutrient-sensitized genome-wide genetic screens and a PRISM growth assay across 482 cancer cell lines. We report that catabolism of uridine from the medium enables the growth of cells in the complete absence of glucose. While previous studies have shown that uridine can be salvaged to support pyrimidine synthesis in the setting of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficiency1, our work demonstrates that the ribose moiety of uridine or RNA can be salvaged to fulfil energy requirements via a pathway based on: (1) the phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine by uridine phosphorylase UPP1/UPP2 into uracil and ribose-1-phosphate (R1P), (2) the conversion of uridine-derived R1P into fructose-6-P and glyceraldehyde-3-P by the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and (3) their glycolytic utilization to fuel ATP production, biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. Capacity for glycolysis from uridine-derived ribose appears widespread, and we confirm its activity in cancer lineages, primary macrophages and mice in vivo. An interesting property of this pathway is that R1P enters downstream of the initial, highly regulated steps of glucose transport and upper glycolysis. We anticipate that 'uridine bypass' of upper glycolysis could be important in the context of disease and even exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen S Skinner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Russell P Goodman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Development of a novel cysteine sulfinic Acid decarboxylase knockout mouse: dietary taurine reduces neonatal mortality. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2014; 2014:346809. [PMID: 24639894 PMCID: PMC3929995 DOI: 10.1155/2014/346809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We engineered a CSAD KO mouse to investigate the physiological roles of taurine. The disruption of the CSAD gene was verified by Southern, Northern, and Western blotting. HPLC indicated an 83% decrease of taurine concentration in the plasma of CSAD−/−. Although CSAD−/− generation (G)1 and G2 survived, offspring from G2 CSAD−/− had low brain and liver taurine concentrations and most died within 24 hrs of birth. Taurine concentrations in G3 CSAD−/− born from G2 CSAD−/− treated with taurine in the drinking water were restored and survival rates of G3 CSAD−/− increased from 15% to 92%. The mRNA expression of CDO, ADO, and TauT was not different in CSAD−/− compared to WT and CSAD mRNA was not expressed in CSAD−/−. Expression of Gpx 1 and 3 was increased significantly in CSAD−/− and restored to normal levels with taurine supplementation. Lactoferrin and the prolactin receptor were significantly decreased in CSAD−/−. The prolactin receptor was restored with taurine supplementation. These data indicated that CSAD KO is a good model for studying the effects of taurine deficiency and its treatment with taurine supplementation.
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Forester SC, Choy YY, Waterhouse AL, Oteiza PI. The anthocyanin metabolites gallic acid, 3-O
-methylgallic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde decrease human colon cancer cell viability by regulating pro-oncogenic signals. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:432-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Forester
- Department of Viticulture and Enology; One Shields Avenue; University of California; Davis
| | - Ying Y. Choy
- Department of Viticulture and Enology; One Shields Avenue; University of California; Davis
| | - Andrew L. Waterhouse
- Department of Viticulture and Enology; One Shields Avenue; University of California; Davis
| | - Patricia I. Oteiza
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology; One Shields Avenue; University of California; Davis
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