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Khoury C, Werry K, Haines D, Walker M, Malowany M. Human biomonitoring reference values for some non-persistent chemicals in blood and urine derived from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009–2013. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:684-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Andra SS, Austin C, Patel D, Dolios G, Awawda M, Arora M. Trends in the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for human biomonitoring: An analytical primer to studying the environmental chemical space of the human exposome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 100:32-61. [PMID: 28062070 PMCID: PMC5322482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Global profiling of xenobiotics in human matrices in an untargeted mode is gaining attention for studying the environmental chemical space of the human exposome. Defined as the study of a comprehensive inclusion of environmental influences and associated biological responses, human exposome science is currently evolving out of the metabolomics science. In analogy to the latter, the development and applications of high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has shown potential and promise to greatly expand our ability to capture the broad spectrum of environmental chemicals in exposome studies. HRMS can perform both untargeted and targeted analysis because of its capability of full- and/or tandem-mass spectrum acquisition at high mass accuracy with good sensitivity. The collected data from target, suspect and non-target screening can be used not only for the identification of environmental chemical contaminants in human matrices prospectively but also retrospectively. This review covers recent trends and advances in this field. We focus on advances and applications of HRMS in human biomonitoring studies, and data acquisition and mining. The acquired insights provide stepping stones to improve understanding of the human exposome by applying HRMS, and the challenges and prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam S Andra
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Christine Austin
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dhavalkumar Patel
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mahmoud Awawda
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Gaudreau É, Bérubé R, Bienvenu JF, Fleury N. Stability issues in the determination of 19 urinary (free and conjugated) monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4021-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin Y, Qiu X, Yu N, Yang Q, Araujo JA, Zhu Y. Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Association with Lipid Peroxidation: A Biomarker-Based Study between Los Angeles and Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3738-45. [PMID: 26913796 PMCID: PMC6057150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is among the top threats to human health in China. As air toxicants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could bring significant risks to population; however, the exposure to PAHs in China and its health impact are not fully understood. In 2012, a summer exchange program allowed 10 students to travel from Los Angeles to Beijing and stay there for 10 weeks. Based on the program, this study investigated the difference in urinary concentration of 12 hydroxylated-PAHs (Σ12OH-PAHs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) between the two cities. The median concentration of Σ12OH-PAHs in Beijing (14.1 μg g(-1) creatinine) was significantly higher than that in Los Angeles (5.78 μg g(-1) creatinine), indicating a higher exposure in Beijing. The ratios of homogeneous OH-PAHs (e.g., 1-/2-OH-NAP) changed significantly between the two cities (p < 0.01), which might suggest a potential alteration in metabolism subsequent to exposure. A significant association between Σ12OH-PAHs and MDA (p < 0.01) was observed, with the association varying between the two cities. This study suggests that exposure to PAHs might be linked to metabolism alteration and calls for future studies to investigate the role this possible alteration played in the health effects of PAHs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Nu Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jesus A. Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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Wheeler AJ, Dobbin NA, Héroux ME, Fisher M, Sun L, Khoury CF, Hauser R, Walker M, Ramsay T, Bienvenu JF, LeBlanc A, Daigle É, Gaudreau E, Belanger P, Feeley M, Ayotte P, Arbuckle TE. Urinary and breast milk biomarkers to assess exposure to naphthalene in pregnant women: an investigation of personal and indoor air sources. Environ Health 2014; 13:30. [PMID: 24767676 PMCID: PMC4021493 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naphthalene exposures for most non-occupationally exposed individuals occur primarily indoors at home. Residential indoor sources include pest control products (specifically moth balls), incomplete combustion such as cigarette smoke, woodstoves and cooking, some consumer and building products, and emissions from gasoline sources found in attached garages. The study aim was to assess naphthalene exposure in pregnant women from Canada, using air measurements and biomarkers of exposure. METHODS Pregnant women residing in Ottawa, Ontario completed personal and indoor air sampling, and questionnaires. During pregnancy, pooled urine voids were collected over two 24-hour periods on a weekday and a weekend day. At 2-3 months post-birth, they provided a spot urine sample and a breast milk sample following the 24-hour air monitoring. Urines were analyzed for 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol and breast milk for naphthalene. Simple linear regression models examined associations between known naphthalene sources, air and biomarker samples. RESULTS Study recruitment rate was 11.2% resulting in 80 eligible women being included. Weekday and weekend samples were highly correlated for both personal (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and indoor air naphthalene (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). Urine specific gravity (SG)-adjusted 2-naphthol concentrations collected on weekdays and weekends (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), and between pregnancy and postpartum samples (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) were correlated.Indoor and personal air naphthalene concentrations were significantly higher post-birth than during pregnancy (p < 0.0001 for signed rank tests); concurrent urine samples were not significantly different. Naphthalene in breast milk was associated with urinary 1-naphthol: a 10% increase in 1-naphthol was associated with a 1.6% increase in breast milk naphthalene (95% CI: 0.2%-3.1%). No significant associations were observed between naphthalene sources reported in self-administered questionnaires and the air or biomarker concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Median urinary concentrations of naphthalene metabolites tended to be similar to (1-naphthol) or lower (2-naphthol) than those reported in a Canadian survey of women of reproductive age. Only urinary 1-naphthol and naphthalene in breast milk were associated. Potential reasons for the lack of other associations include a lack of sources, varying biotransformation rates and behavioural differences over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Wheeler
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, AL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Nina A Dobbin
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, AL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Héroux
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, AL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Currently affiliated with the World Health Organization European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Dr., AL 0801A, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Liu Sun
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, AL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Cheryl F Khoury
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, AL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bienvenu
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Alain LeBlanc
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Daigle
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Gaudreau
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Belanger
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Feeley
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
- Axe santé des population et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Dr., AL 0801A, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Grova N, Salquèbre G, Appenzeller BMR. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 52 monohydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hairs of rats after controlled exposure. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8897-911. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Campo L, Fustinoni S, Consonni D, Pavanello S, Kapka L, Siwinska E, Mielzyňska D, Bertazzi P. Urinary carcinogenic 4-6 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coke oven workers and in subjects belonging to the general population: role of occupational and environmental exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 217:231-8. [PMID: 23867119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM A new solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (SPME-GC-MS) to detect urinary unmetabolized 3-, 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was applied to coke oven workers and general population subjects with the aim to assess exposure to carcinogenic PAHs, to evaluate the role of occupational and environmental variables on PAHs levels, and to compare present results with those previously obtained with a less sensitive method. METHODS A total of 104 coke oven workers (CW) from Poland [recruited in 2000 (CW-2000; n=55) and 2006 (CW-2006; n=49)], and 45 control subjects from the same area, provided urine spot samples for measurement of 10 PAHs (from phenanthrene to benzo[g,h,i]perylene). The comparison between the two methods was performed only on CW-2000 subjects. Information regarding personal characteristics and job variables was collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS The new method enables the quantification of 5-, 6-ring PAHs; precision and accuracy were in the 7.3-20.8% and 89.4-110% range, respectively; in CW-2000 samples results obtained with the new and the old method were highly correlated (Lin's concordance correlation coefficients: from 0.790 to 0.965); the mean difference between measured PAHS increased with the molecular weight of the analytes (from +5 to +27%). Urinary PAHs were above or equal to the quantification limit, depending on the compound, in 67-100% (min-max), 26-100% and 6-100% of samples from CW-2000, CW-2006 and controls, respectively. Chrysene and benz[a]anthracene were the most abundant carcinogenic PAHs with median levels of 43.4, 13.4, and 2.3 ng/L and 45.9, 14.9, and 0.7 ng/L in CW-2000, CW-2006, and controls, respectively, while benzo[a]pyrene levels were 6.5, 0.7 and <0.5 ng/L. The multiple linear regression model showed that the determinants of exposure were the use of wood and/or coke for house heating for controls, and job title or the plant for CW-2006. CONCLUSIONS Urinary benzo[a]pyrene and other carcinogenic PAHs were, for the first time, quantified in urine samples from both occupationally and environmentally exposed subjects. These results show that urinary PAHs can discriminate exposure at different levels. Moreover, the simultaneous determination of several PAHs allows for the development of excretion profiles to assess exposure to specific compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucyna Kapka
- Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Siwinska
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Danuta Mielzyňska
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - PierAlberto Bertazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Roshandel G, Semnani S, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2013; 15:713-22. [PMID: 23102250 DOI: 0121511/aim.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 8th most common cancer and the 6th most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of EC. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested as a risk factor for developing ESCC. In this paper we will review different aspects of the relationship between PAH exposure and ESCC. PAHs are a group of compounds that are formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Studies in humans have shown an association between PAH exposure and development of ESCC in many populations. The results of a recent case-control study in a high risk population in northeastern Iran showed a dramatic dose-response relationship between PAH content in non-tumor esophageal tissue (the target tissue for esophageal carcinogenesis) and ESCC case status, consistent with a causal role for PAH exposure in the pathogenesis of ESCC. Identifying the main sources of exposure to PAHs may be the first and most important step in designing appropriate PAH-reduction interventions for controlling ESCC, especially in high risk areas. Coal smoke and drinking mate have been suggested as important modifiable sources of PAH exposure in China and Brazil, respectively. But the primary source of exposure to PAHs in other high risk areas for ESCC, such as northeastern Iran, has not yet been identified. Thus, environmental studies to determining important sources of PAH exposure should be considered as a high priority in future research projects in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jongeneelen F, ten Berge W. Simulation of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene in various scenarios of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a generic, cross-chemical predictive PBTK-model. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:689-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Curtis LR, Garzon CB, Arkoosh M, Collier T, Myers MS, Buzitis J, Hahn ME. Reduced cytochrome P4501A activity and recovery from oxidative stress during subchronic benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene treatment of rainbow trout. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:1-7. [PMID: 21550360 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) affinity, and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein and activity in polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced oxidative stress. In the 1-100nM concentration range benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) but not benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) competitively displaced 2nM [(3)H]2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin from rainbow trout AHR2α. Based on appearance of fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile over 3, 7, 14, 28 or 50days of feeding 3μg of BaP or BeP/g fish/day, rainbow trout liver readily excreted these polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their metabolites at near steady state rates. CYP1A proteins catalyzed more than 98% of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in rainbow trout hepatic microsomes. EROD activity of hepatic microsomes initially increased and then decreased to control activities after 50days of feeding both PAHs. Immunohistochemistry of liver confirmed CYP1A protein increased in fish fed both PAHs after 3days and remained elevated for up to 28days. Neither BaP nor BeP increased hepatic DNA adduct concentrations at any time up to 50days of feeding these PAHs. Comet assays of blood cells demonstrated marked DNA damage after 14days of feeding both PAHs that was not significant after 50days. There was a strong positive correlation between hepatic EROD activity and DNA damage in blood cells over time for both PAHs. Neither CYP1A protein nor 3-nitrotyrosine (a biomarker for oxidative stress) immunostaining in trunk kidney were significantly altered by BaP or BeP after 3, 7, 14, or 28days. There was no clear association between AHR2α affinity and BaP and BeP-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Curtis
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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