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Validandi V, Kurella S, Gorain S, Sagubandi Y, Mungamuri SK, Sinha SN. Exposure assessment and risk characterisation of aflatoxins in randomly collected rice samples from local markets of Hyderabad, India. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:664-674. [PMID: 38598120 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2339369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin (AF) poisoning of staple foods, such as rice, is caused by fungal contamination by Aspergillus species. These AFs are genotoxic, carcinogenic and suppress the immune system. Hence, the present study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence of AF contamination in rice samples collected from local markets of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The rice samples collected were analysed for AF by using HPLC-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Based on AF contamination levels and dietary intake of rice, the health risk was assessed by the margin of exposure (MOE) and liver cancer risk in adults, adolescence and children. The percentage detected contamination with AFB1 and AFB2 of rice samples was 54% and 34%, with the concentration ranging between 0-20.35 µg/kg and 0-1.54 µg/kg, respectively. Three rice samples exceeded the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) total AF acceptable limit of 15 µg/kg. The average MOE values were 53.73, 50.58 and 35.69 (all <10,000) for adults, adolescence and children, respectively. The average liver cancer risk associated with rice consumption in the population of Hyderabad was found to be 0.27, 0.28 and 0.40 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases/year/100,000 individuals in adults, adolescence and children, respectively. This study revealed an adverse health risk to population of Hyderabad due to consumption of AF contaminated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakdevi Validandi
- Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivasu Kurella
- Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumitra Gorain
- Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yamuna Sagubandi
- Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Dai P, Wang Q, Teng P, Jiao J, Li Y, Xia Q, Zhang W. Design, Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and 3D-QASR of Novel Oxime Ether-Containing Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Fungicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5983-5992. [PMID: 38456397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Structural modification of natural products is an effective approach for improving antifungal activity and has, therefore, been used extensively in the development of new agrochemical products. In this work, a series of novel coumarin derivatives containing oxime ether structures were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antifungal activity. Some of the designed compounds exhibited promising antifungal activities against tested fungi, and compounds 4a, 4c, 5a, and 6b had EC50 values equivalent to those of commercial fungicides. Compound 6b was the most promising candidate fungicide against Rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 0.46 μg/mL). In vivo antifungal bioassays suggested that compounds 5a and 6b could serve as novel agricultural antifungals. Furthermore, microscopy demonstrated that compound 6b induced the sprawling growth of hyphae, distorted the outline of cell walls, and reduced mitochondrial numbers. Additionally, the effects of the substituent steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bond fields were elucidated using an accurate and reliable three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model. The results presented here will guide the discovery of potential novel fungicides for plant disease control in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Phan LTK, De Saeger S, Eeckhout M, Jacxsens L. Public health risk due to aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in rice in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-023-00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMycotoxin contamination in rice can lead to a health risk for consumers. In this study, the health risk among different age groups of Vietnamese population in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam was evaluated through rice consumption. Total aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) in raw rice samples (n = 50) were analyzed using an ELISA method. A survey (n = 155) was used to collect data on rice consumption and consumer practices for the evaluation of mycotoxin exposure. Results showed that the frequency of AFs and FBs contamination was 60 and 74% with the average concentrations in raw rice ranging from 1.88–4.00 ng/g and 227–290 ng/g from the lower bound (LB) to the upper bound (UB), respectively. The average AFs exposure due to rice consumption was estimated from 0.81 to 2.44 ng/kg bw/day at scenarios LB – UB with the medium bound (MB) of 2.10, 1.60, 1.92 and 1.23 ng/kg bw/day for children, adolescents, adults and elderly, respectively. These values ranged from 343 to 724 ng/kg bw/day with respect to FBs (scenarios LB - UB), which are below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI) value (2000 ng/kg bw/day). The margin of exposure (MoE) to AFs ranged from 160 to 1585,179-2669,149–2175 and 206–3480 for children, adolescent, adults and elderly, respectively from UB - LB, indicating a high health risk for this carcinogenic hazard since the values are so lower than 10,000 (safe limit). However, for FBs, MoE value ranged from 105 to 575 (UB-LB) for all groups, which are higher compared to 100 (safe limit), indicating no risk for public health. The mean cancer risk due to estimated AFs exposure at LB - UB was 0.05–0.13 cases/year/100,000 individuals with MB of 0.08–0.13 cases/year/100,000 people for all four age groups. This study provides new insights into probabilistic risk assessment and potential health impact of mycotoxins in rice in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
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Green and sustainable technologies for the decontamination of fungi and mycotoxins in rice: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nadège ND, Alphonse ST, Eliane TS, Thierry Marcel NB, Steve Francky NS, Nikaise Forestine DN, Thierry NN, Tatsadjieu LN. Fungal diversity and occurrence of Aflatoxin
B1
, Citrinine and Ochratoxin A in rice of Cameroon. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nganou Donkeng Nadège
- Bioprecess Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Quality Control University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
| | - Sokamte Tegang Alphonse
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro‐Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
| | - Tchinda Sonwa Eliane
- Bioprecess Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Quality Control University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
| | - Ntsamo Beumo Thierry Marcel
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro‐Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
| | - Nodem Sohanang Steve Francky
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro‐Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
| | - Douanla Nodem Nikaise Forestine
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro‐Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
| | - Noumo Ngamou Thierry
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Technology, University of Bamenda Cameroon
| | - Leopold Ngoune Tatsadjieu
- Bioprecess Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Quality Control University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon
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Liu M, Zhao L, Gong G, Zhang L, Shi L, Dai J, Han Y, Wu Y, Khalil MM, Sun L. Invited review: Remediation strategies for mycotoxin control in feed. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 35090579 PMCID: PMC8796454 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of fungi. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal feedstuffs. These mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, consequently cause adverse effects on the health and performance of animals. Therefore, physical, chemical, biological and nutritional regulation approaches have been developed as primary strategies for the decontamination and detoxification of these mycotoxins in the feed industry. Meanwhile, each of these techniques has its drawbacks, including inefficient, costly, or impractically applied on large scale. This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the different remediation strategies, as well as updates of the research progress of these strategies for AFB1, DON, ZEN and FB1 control in the feed industry.
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Mohammadi Shad Z, Venkitasamy C, Atungulu GG. Fungi and Mycotoxin in Rice: Concerns, Causes, and Prevention Strategies. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Phan LTK, Tran TM, Audenaert K, Jacxsens L, Eeckhout M. Contamination of Fusarium proliferatum and Aspergillus flavus in the Rice Chain Linked to Crop Seasons, Cultivation Regions, and Traditional Agricultural Practices in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092064. [PMID: 34574173 PMCID: PMC8468470 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the influence of crop seasons, cultivation regions, and traditional agricultural practices on the occurrence of F. proliferatum and A. flavus in the rice chain in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A survey on pre- and post-harvest practices was performed from 2017 to 2019 in parallel with sampling. Results showed that F. proliferatum (36.3%) and A. flavus (10%) were predominantly present throughout the rice chain. These fungi frequently occurred in winter–spring and autumn–winter crops in Can Tho paddy. Especially, F. proliferatum appeared both on the field and during transportation (50–100%), while A. flavus presented at all stages (10–33%). The occurrence of F. proliferatum reduced 70–27% after drying, depended on the seasons, compared to field and transportation stages and could not be detected anymore at further stages. Applying poor pre-harvest agricultural practices such as the use of certain varieties (Jasmine, DT8 varieties), combination of fertilizers (organic–inorganic), fields with crop debris, unhygienic boats, and delayed drying time of 8–12 h or 12–28 h resulted in an increase in fungal contamination on paddy. This study provides a detailed description of fungi contamination in crop seasons, cultivation regions, and agricultural practices, which may help in understanding the fungal dynamic and allow identification of good agricultural practices to mitigate the fungal contamination and potential mycotoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Thi Kim Phan
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.M.T.); (L.J.); (M.E.)
- Faculty of Food Science Technology, Ho Chi Minh city University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-465509287
| | - Trang Minh Tran
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.M.T.); (L.J.); (M.E.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyck Weg 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.M.T.); (L.J.); (M.E.)
| | - Mia Eeckhout
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.M.T.); (L.J.); (M.E.)
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Guo Y, Chen J, Ren D, Du B, Wu L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Qian S. Synthesis of osthol-based botanical fungicides and their antifungal application in crop protection. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116184. [PMID: 33971489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi decrease the quality and productivity of plant production. The botanical fungicides have better biocompatibility and rapid biodegradation, little or no cross resistance, and the structural diversity, and thus are beneficial to deal with plant fungal diseases. Osthole has been widely used as the commercial botanical fungicide against powdery mildew in China. In this article, a series of osthole derivatives were synthesized, which respectively contain different substituents on the benzene ring, at the C8-position and pyrone ring. All the target compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antifungal activity against resistant phytopathogenic fungi. Colletotrichum fragariae, Strawberry Botrytis Cinerea, Kiwifruit Botrytis Cinerea, Kiwifruit brown Rots, which are common in fruit fungal diseases. The compound C4 was identified as the most promising candidate with the EC50 values at 38.7 µg/mL against Colletotrichum Fragariae, 14.5 µg/mL against Strawberry Botrytis Cinerea and 24.3 µg/mL against Kiwifruit Botrytis Cinerea, respectively, whereas the antifungal activity against resistant phytopathogenic fungi. of osthole is too low to be used (EC50 > 400 ppm). The results of mycelial relative conductivity determination, PI uptake and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the cell membrane of fungi is the key action site of C4. Besides, C4 has the potent inhibitory activity against both of plant and human pathogenic bacteria. Our studies showed that C4 was worthy for further attention as a promising botanical fungicide candidate in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jiabao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Chengdu New Sun Crop Science CO., LTD., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Du
- Chengdu New Sun Crop Science CO., LTD., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Shan Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
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Abstract
: Mycotoxin contamination of rice has been introduced as a big challenge for public health in developing countries in numerous studies. Rice consumption is also considered the main source of secondary metabolites in Iran. Given the diversity of climatic conditions in this region as well as unsuitable storage conditions, including high temperature and humidity, rice can be extremely contaminated via various fungi. The current study is a review of the occurrence of mycotoxins in rice in Iran. In this regard, some investigations had revealed that rice could be contaminated by mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFTs) (B1, B2, G1, and G2), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin (FM) (B1 and B2), ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin, and zearalenone (ZEN). Moreover, the amount of mycotoxins in rice was reported in varying ranges in different provinces and regions and normally less than Iranian maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Given the importance of rice in the Iranian diet, it was finally recommended to screen consumed rice to find about fungal contaminations and mycotoxins.
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Kongtragoul P, Junka N. Top‐spray fluidization coating of paddy rice with zinc oxide nanoparticles to reduce infection from Aspergillussp. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pornprapa Kongtragoul
- Management Technology for Plant Production Department of Agricultural Technology King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chumphon Thailand
| | - Nittaya Junka
- Division of Crop Production Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom Thailand
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Cüce M. Incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol in food commodities from Turkey. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cüce
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences Giresun University Giresun Turkey
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Kobayashi N, Sakurai K, Nakarai R, Shigaki K, Horikawa K, Honda M, Sugiura Y, Watanabe M, Takino M, Sugita-Konishi Y. Microflora of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Rice Grains in Kyushu Region of Japan and Their Changes during Storage under non-Controlled Conditions. Biocontrol Sci 2020; 24:161-166. [PMID: 31527347 DOI: 10.4265/bio.24.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural crops by mycotoxins has increased because of the expansion of mycotoxin-producing fungi along with global warming. In this study, the fungal microflora of brown rice grains cultivated in Kyushu region in the southern part of Japan was investigated. A total of 75% of rice samples examined in this study showed less than 30% of fungal contamination rates with a median rate of 12.5%. Some isolates of Aspergillus flavus showed the ability to produce aflatoxins (AFs) (AFB1 production was 62.5-70.4 ng/mL) . Furthermore, AF-producing Aspergillus flavus survived during storage and Aspergillus creber, which produced sterigmatocystin, was detected in a stored rice sample. Although AFs or sterigmatocystin-contamination was not detected in any rice samples, these mycotoxin-producing fungi are distributed and can survive during storage under the natural conditions in Japan. Employing suitable storage conditions is important for preventing mycotoxin contamination of brown rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Azabu University
| | - Rika Nakarai
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Azabu University
| | | | | | - Mioko Honda
- Department of Animal Nursing Science, Yamazaki Gakuen University
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Sinphithakkul P, Poapolathep A, Klangkaew N, Imsilp K, Logrieco AF, Zhang Z, Poapolathep S. Occurrence of Multiple Mycotoxins in Various Types of Rice and Barley Samples in Thailand. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1007-1015. [PMID: 31121103 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Contamination with multiple mycotoxins was found in rice and barley. BEA, DAS, ZEA, and aflatoxins were the mycotoxins most frequently found in samples. The assessed mycotoxin exposure does not represent a health risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyaluk Sinphithakkul
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,2 Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Narumol Klangkaew
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Imsilp
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- 3 Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- 4 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,2 Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Tang EN, Ndindeng SA, Bigoga J, Traore K, Silue D, Futakuchi K. Mycotoxin concentrations in rice from three climatic locations in Africa as affected by grain quality, production site, and storage duration. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1274-1287. [PMID: 31024700 PMCID: PMC6475755 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the mycotoxin contamination of rice in Africa is limited although the risk of contamination is high. In this study, domestic milled rice processed by actors using suboptimal methods was purchased and total fumonisin (FUM), zearalenone, and aflatoxin concentrations determined at 0, 90, and 180 days after storage. Three different climatic locations, Cotonou (Benin) in the Guinea savanna, Yaoundé (Cameroon) in the Tropical forest, and N'diaye (Senegal) in the Sahel, were selected as storage sites. Subsets of the samples collected from Glazoue (Benin), Ndop (Cameroon), and Dagana (Senegal) were stored in plastic woven bags under room conditions in the respective sites with or without calcium oxide (burnt scallop shell-BSS, 0.1% w/w) treatment. Multivariance analysis showed that FUM concentration was positively influenced by the duration of storage only while zearalenone concentration was negatively influenced by relative humidity and head rice but positively by impurities. Zearalenone concentration was also influenced by sample collection/storage location, processing type, and duration of storage. Aflatoxin concentration was influenced negatively by storage room temperature and head rice but positively by impurities and chalky grains. In addition, aflatoxin concentration was influenced by collection/storage location and processing type. BSS treatment followed by storage for 6 months had no effect on the concentration of the three assessed mycotoxins. Strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination in study sites will include the improvement of physical rice quality through better pre- and postharvest practices and proper packaging of both treated rice and untreated rice in hermetic systems before marketing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmus N. Tang
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaoundé‐IYaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Jude Bigoga
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaoundé‐IYaoundéCameroon
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Khalil NM, Abd El-Ghany MN, Rodríguez-Couto S. Antifungal and anti-mycotoxin efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles produced by Fusarium chlamydosporum and Penicillium chrysogenum at non-cytotoxic doses. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:477-486. [PMID: 30497030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The cell-free culture filtrate (CFF) of the fungi Fusarium chlamydosporum NG30 and Penicillium chrysogenum NG85 was tested to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesized AgNPs were further characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. TEM revealed their spherical shape, homogeneity and a size range between 6 and 26 nm for F. chlamydosporum AgNPs (FAgNPs) and from 9 to 17.5 nm for P. chrysogenum AgNPs (PAgNPs). DLS showed that the diameter of FAgNPs was narrower than that of PAgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the functional groups present in the CFF might be responsible for the reduction of silver ions to form stabilized protein-capped AgNPs. In addition, the AgNPs showed notable antifungal activity and potency in thwarting mycotoxin production. Thus, using Aspergillus flavus as a test microorganism the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 48, 45 and 50 μg/mL for FAgNPs, PAgNPs and the antifungal compound itraconazole, respectively. Also, when testing Aspergillus ochraceus FAgNPs, PAgNPs and itraconazole led to MIC values of 51, 47 and 49 μg/mL, respectively. The statistical MIC values to inhibit completely the total aflatoxin production by A. flavus were 5.9 and 5.6 μg/mL for FAgNPs and PAgNPs, respectively, and to inhibit the ochratoxin A production by A. ochraceus 6.3 and 6.1 μg/mL for FAgNPs and PAgNPs, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay of the AgNPs on human normal melanocytes (HFB 4) revealed a cell survival of 80% and 75% at a concentration of 6 μg/mL for FAgNPs and PAgNPs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen M Khalil
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Abd El-Ghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Couto
- Ceit-IK4, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 13, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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Yun TS, Park SY, Yu J, Hwang Y, Hong KJ. Isolation and Identification of Fungal Species from the Insect Pest Tribolium castaneum in Rice Processing Complexes in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 34:356-366. [PMID: 30369846 PMCID: PMC6200038 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2018.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is one of the most common and economically important pests of stored cereal products worldwide. Furthermore, these beetles can act as vectors for several fungal post-harvest diseases. In this study, we collected T. castaneum from 49 rice processing complexes (RPCs) nationwide during 2016-2017 and identified contaminating fungal species on the surface of the beetles. Five beetles from each region were placed on potato dextrose agar media or Fusarium selection media after wet processing with 100% relative humidity at 27°C for one week. A total of 142 fungal isolates were thus collected. By sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, 23 fungal genera including one unidentified taxon were found to be associated with T. castaneum. The genus Aspergillus spp. (28.9%) was the most frequently present, followed by Cladosporium spp. (12.0%), Hyphopichia burtonii (9.2%), Penicillium spp. (8.5%), Mucor spp. (6.3%), Rhizopus spp. (5.6%), Cephaliophora spp. (3.5%), Alternaria alternata (2.8%) and Monascus sp. (2.8%). Less commonly identified were genera Fusarium, Nigrospora, Beauveria, Chaetomium, Coprinellus, Irpex, Lichtheimia, Trichoderma, Byssochlamys, Cochliobolus, Cunninghamella, Mortierella, Polyporales, Rhizomucor and Talaromyces. Among the isolates, two known mycotoxin-producing fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. were also identified. This result is consistent with previous studies that surveyed fungal and mycotoxin contamination in rice from RPCs. Our study indicates that the storage pest, T. castaneum, would play an important role in spreading fungal contaminants and consequently increasing mycotoxin contamination in stored rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Seong Yun
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
- Pyeongtaek District Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Pyeongtaek 17962,
Korea
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Jihyun Yu
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Yujin Hwang
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Hong
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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19
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Savi GD, Piacentini KC, Rocha LO, Carnielli-Queiroz L, Furtado BG, Scussel R, Zanoni ET, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Corrêa B, Angioletto E. Incidence of toxigenic fungi and zearalenone in rice grains from Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 270:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Škrbić BD, Ji Y, Živančev JR, Jovanović GG, Jie Z. Mycotoxins, trace elements, and phthalates in marketed rice of different origin and exposure assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2017; 10:256-267. [PMID: 28618849 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1342701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine levels of 11 mycotoxins, 10 trace elements, and 6 phthalates in rice samples from Serbian and Chinese market. Mycotoxins were not detected in any of the analysed rice samples. Results revealed similar median levels for following elements: Mn, 17.5 and 15.7 mg kg-1; Fe, 2.47 and 2.12 mg kg-1; Cu, 1.95 and 1.59 mg kg-1 in marketed samples from Serbia and China, respectively. Median concentration of Ni in Serbian marketed samples was 1.9 times higher than in Chinese ones. The median levels (µg kg-1) of phthalates ranged from 1.2 (benzylbutyl phthalate [BBP]) - 566 (di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate [DEHP]) and 1.7 (BBP) - 348 (DEHP) in Serbian and Chinese marketed samples, respectively. The results were used to assess daily exposure of Serbian and Chinese adult consumers. The calculated target hazard quotients indicated that the potential risk attributable to the analysed contaminants in rice samples should not be of concern neither for the Serbian nor the Chinese consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana D Škrbić
- a Faculty of Technology, Centre of Excellence in Food Safety and Emerging Risks , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Republic of Serbia
| | - Yaqin Ji
- b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jelena R Živančev
- a Faculty of Technology, Centre of Excellence in Food Safety and Emerging Risks , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Zhao Jie
- b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
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21
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Sultana N, Tahira I, Kausar M, Hassan SM, Hanif NQ. Dietary Exposure and Natural Occurrence of Total Aflatoxins in Basmati Rice of Pakistan. J Food Prot 2017; 80:331-337. [PMID: 28221977 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the assessment of total aflatoxins (TAFs) in basmati rice (brown, 1,081; white, 1,170) collected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan, during 2010 to 2015. Due to the carcinogenicity of TAFs, daily dietary exposure is also evaluated based on rice consumption survey data. Methodology was standardized by matrix spike recoveries at four fortification levels (0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 ng/g) for TAFs (aflatoxins B1 [AFB1], B2 [AFB2], G1 [AFG1], and G2 [AFG2]). The present study reveals that 1,750 samples (77.74%) were tainted with AFB1, whereas TAFs were detected in 370 samples (16.43%). Of positive samples, 854 brown rice samples (79%) were positive for AFB1, and 154 samples (14.24%) were contaminated with TAFs. For white rice, 896 samples (76.58%) were contaminated with AFB1, whereas 205 samples (18.46%) were found positive for TAFs. Study findings were used to construct a frequency distribution, and AFB1 levels were also compared against permissible levels of TAFs (10 ng/g) as legislated by the European Commission. Results further revealed that daily dietary exposure of TAFs ranged from 0.51 to 10.22 ng/kg of body weight per day, which exceeds the permissible limit of 1 ng/kg of body weight per day as defined by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Romer Labs, Pakistan, Flat No. 8, First Floor Satellite Shopping Plaza, 71-A 6th Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Tahira
- Romer Labs, Pakistan, Flat No. 8, First Floor Satellite Shopping Plaza, 71-A 6th Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Kausar
- Government Post Graduate College for Women, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mujahid Hassan
- Romer Labs, Pakistan, Flat No. 8, First Floor Satellite Shopping Plaza, 71-A 6th Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif
- Romer Labs, Pakistan, Flat No. 8, First Floor Satellite Shopping Plaza, 71-A 6th Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
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22
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Sun XD, Su P, Shan H. Mycotoxin Contamination of Rice in China. J Food Sci 2017; 82:573-584. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong Sun
- Quality & Safety Inst. of Agricultural Products; Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150086 China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Harbin); Ministry of Agriculture; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Ping Su
- Quality & Safety Inst. of Agricultural Products; Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150086 China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Harbin); Ministry of Agriculture; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Hong Shan
- Quality & Safety Inst. of Agricultural Products; Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin 150086 China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Harbin); Ministry of Agriculture; Harbin 150086 China
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23
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Isolation and identification of toxigenic fungi from infected peanuts and efficacy of silver nanoparticles against them. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Mannaa M, Kim KD. Microbe-Mediated Control of Mycotoxigenic Grain Fungi in Stored Rice with Focus on Aflatoxin Biodegradation and Biosynthesis Inhibition. MYCOBIOLOGY 2016; 44:67-78. [PMID: 27433116 PMCID: PMC4945540 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2016.44.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice contaminated with fungal species during storage is not only of poor quality and low economic value, but may also have harmful effects on human and animal health. The predominant fungal species isolated from rice grains during storage belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Some of these fungal species produce mycotoxins; they are responsible for adverse health effects in humans and animals, particularly Aspergillus flavus, which produces the extremely carcinogenic aflatoxins. Not surprisingly, there have been numerous attempts to devise safety procedure for the control of such harmful fungi and production of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins. This review provides information about fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored rice grains, and microbe-based (biological) strategies to control grain fungi and mycotoxins. The latter will include information regarding attempts undertaken for mycotoxin (especially aflatoxin) bio-detoxification and microbial interference with the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway in the toxin-producing fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mannaa
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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25
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Asghar MA, Zahir E, Rantilal S, Ahmed A, Iqbal J. Aflatoxins in composite spices collected from local markets of Karachi, Pakistan. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2016; 9:113-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2016.1150356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Food Grains: Detection, Its Impact on Handlers and Management Strategies. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Lim CW, Yoshinari T, Layne J, Chan SH. Multi-mycotoxin screening reveals separate occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a in Asian rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3104-3113. [PMID: 25723049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The determination of important regulated mycotoxins in rice has been reported previously but not in the individual matrix of white, brown, red, and basmati rice with respect to the matrix effect, recovery, and stability. A total of 190 Asian rices were examined for regulated mycotoxin contamination by the LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Significant variation (p < 0.05) in the matrix effect was observed for fumonisins. Methanol improved the limits of detection (LOD) for HT-2 from 50 μg/kg to 2.3 μg/kg by promoting ionization efficiency of the ammonium-adduct. LOD and limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 18 μg/kg and 0.2-31 μg/kg, respectively. All analytes degraded by more than 50% on storage, except fumonisins. Acetic acid (1%) provided significant improvement (p < 0.05) in recovery for all analytes in selected white rice from Thailand and China. Mean recovery ranged from 70 to 120%. RSD values were lower than 15% for all analytes. Five AFB1 and single OTA positive samples were detected. No correlation between mycotoxin contamination and rice species (r = 0) exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wei Lim
- †Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- ‡National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Jeff Layne
- §Phenomenex, 411 Madrid Avenue, Torrance, California 90501, United States
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- †Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078
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29
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Monitoring fungal growth on brown rice grains using rapid and non-destructive hyperspectral imaging. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 199:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Lai X, Zhang H, Liu R, Liu C. Potential for aflatoxin B1 and B2 production by Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from rice samples. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:176-80. [PMID: 25737649 PMCID: PMC4336447 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) production in rice grain by 127 strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from rice grains collected from China. These strains were inoculated onto rice grains and incubated at 28 °C for 21 days. AFB1 and AFB2 were extracted and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Among the tested strains, 37% produced AFB1 and AFB2 with levels ranging from 175 to 124 101 μg kg(-1) for AFB1 and from not detected to 10 329 μg kg(-1) for AFB2. The mean yields of these isolates were 5884 μg kg(-1) for AFB1 and 1968 μg kg(-1) for AFB2. Overall, most of the aflatoxigenic strains produced higher levels of AFB1 than AFB2 in rice. The obtained information is useful for assessing the risk of aflatoxin contamination in rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, China
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31
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Mousa W, Ghazali FM, Jinap S, Ghazali HM, Radu S. Sorption isotherms and isosteric heats of sorption of Malaysian paddy. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:2656-63. [PMID: 25328208 PMCID: PMC4190263 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the water sorption characteristics of cereal is extremely essential for optimizing the drying process and ensuring storage stability. Water relation of rough rice was studied at 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C over relative humidity (RH.) between 0.113 and 0.976 using the gravimetric technique. The isotherms displayed the general sigmoid, Type II pattern and exhibited the phenomenon of hysteresis where it was more pronounced at lower temperatures. The sorption characteristics were temperature dependence where the sorption capacity of the paddy increased as the temperature was decreased at fixed (RH). Among the models assessed for their ability to fit the sorption data, Oswin equation was the best followed by the third order polynomial, GAB, Smith, Chung-Pfost, and Henderson models. The monolayer moisture content was higher for desorption than adsorption and tend to decrease with the increase in temperature. Given the temperature dependence of the sorption isotherms the isosteric heats of sorption were calculated using Claussius-Clapeyron equation. The net isosteric heats decreased as the moisture content was increased and heats of desorption were greater than that of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Mousa
- />Center of Excellence for Food Safety Research (CEFSR), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Farinazleen Mohamad. Ghazali
- />Center of Excellence for Food Safety Research (CEFSR), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - S. Jinap
- />Center of Excellence for Food Safety Research (CEFSR), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Hasanah Mohd. Ghazali
- />Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Son Radu
- />Center of Excellence for Food Safety Research (CEFSR), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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32
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Ali N, Blaszkewicz M, Manirujjaman M, Perveen R, Al Nahid A, Mahmood S, Rahman M, Hossain K, Degen GH. Biomonitoring of ochratoxin A in blood plasma and exposure assessment of adult students in Bangladesh. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2219-25. [PMID: 25164381 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin known for its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic effects in animals, deserves attention due to its widespread occurrence as food and feed contaminant. Studies in many countries report the presence of OTA in human blood plasma or serum at variable levels. However, no biomonitoring study has been carried out in so far, and also food analysis data are insufficient to assess OTA exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS Therefore, 64 blood samples were collected from healthy university students (32 female, 32 male) in Bangladesh for biomarker analysis. OTA and its metabolite ochratoxin alpha were determined in the plasma samples by a validated method using HPLC-fluorescence analysis. After liquid-liquid extraction, OTA was detected in all plasma samples (100%) at a range of 0.20-6.63 ng/mL and ochratoxin alpha was detected in 95% of the samples at 0.10-0.79 ng/mL. The OTA mean level in plasma of males (0.92 ± 1.09 ng/mL) and females (0.78 ± 1.02) were not significantly different. Statistical analysis of food consumption data for the participants, provided in a food frequency questionnaire, did not reveal a significant association between OTA level in plasma and their intake of typical staple foods (rice, wheat, maize, and lentil). CONCLUSION The dietary intake of OTA (mean 11.7, max 91.7 ng/kg b.w./wk) calculated on the basis of plasma concentration in Bangladeshi students was lower than the tolerable weekly OTA intake (120 ng/kg b.w./wk) set by EFSA. Nonetheless, further biomonitoring is recommended in cohorts from other parts of the country that may have higher mycotoxin exposure than the present group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshad Ali
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College and Hospital, Gono University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Asghar MA, Iqbal J, Ahmed A, Khan MA, Shamsuddin ZA. Aflatoxin B1in betel nuts (Areca catechuL.) imported to Pakistan from different regions of South Asia. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2014; 7:176-81. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2013.869771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lai XW, Sun DL, Ruan CQ, Zhang H, Liu CL. Rapid analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2, and ochratoxin A in rice samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with HPLC. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:92-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wen Lai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; South China Agricultural University; Ministry of Education; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Dai-Li Sun
- Lab Citrus Qual and Safety Risk Assessment; Citrus Research Institute; Southwest University; Ministry of Agriculture; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; South China Agricultural University; Ministry of Education; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; South China Agricultural University; Ministry of Education; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Lan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; South China Agricultural University; Ministry of Education; Guangzhou P. R. China
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35
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Karajibani M, Merkazee A, Montazerifar F. Determination of Aflatoxin in the Imported Rice in Zahedan, South-East of Iran, 2011. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Biological interactions between soil saprotrophic fungi and Ascaris suum eggs. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:401-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxins in selected food commodities of Asian origin sourced in the West of Scotland. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:653-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Kumar DS, Rao S, Satyanarayana ML, Kumar PGP, Anitha N. Amelioration of hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin using citrus fruit oil in broilers (Gallus domesticus). Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:974-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713485893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of citrus fruit oil (CFO; 2.5 g kg−1) on the clinicopathological changes in broilers fed with diets containing 1 ppm of aflatoxin (AF). A total of 160 Ross 308 broiler chicks of 1-day-old were procured from a commercial hatchery, divided randomly on 7th day of age into four groups with two replicates of 20 birds each and fed with basal diet (group A), basal diet + CFO (group B), basal diet + AF (group C) and CFO + basal diet + AF (group D). The gross and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were investigated and relative organ weights were calculated. Slight to moderate hydropic degeneration, fatty change with the formation of cyst in some cases, periportal necrosis, infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells and bile duct hyperplasia were observed in chicks fed with 1 ppm AF-containing diet. The addition of CFO to AF-containing diet moderately decreased the magnitude and severity of lesions (hydropic degeneration and bile duct hyperplasia) in the liver. The supplementation of CFO to the basal diet did not produce any adverse effects in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Senthil Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suguna Rao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - ML Satyanarayana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - PG Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N Anitha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Mousa W, Ghazali FM, Jinap S, Ghazali HM, Radu S. Modeling Growth Rate and Assessing Aflatoxins Production byAspergillus flavusas a Function of Water Activity and Temperature on Polished and Brown Rice. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M56-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Firdous S, Ejaz N, Aman T, Khan N. Occurrence of aflatoxins in export-quality Pakistani rice. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2012; 5:121-5. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2012.675360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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MAKUN HUSSAINIANTHONY, DUTTON MICHAELFRANCIS, NJOBEH PATRICKBERKA, PHOKU JUDITHZANELE, YAH CLARENCESUH. INCIDENCE, PHYLOGENY AND MYCOTOXIGENIC POTENTIALS OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM RICE IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lee T, Lee SH, Lee SH, Shin JY, Yun JC, Lee YW, Ryu JG. Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in rice and its milling by-products in Korea. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1169-74. [PMID: 21740720 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 201 samples of brown rice, polished rice, and two types of by-products, blue-tinged rice and discolored rice, were collected from rice stores maintained at 51 rice processing complexes in Korea. These samples were analyzed for the presence of Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEA). Contaminants (and their ranges) found in discolored rice samples were DON (59 to 1,355 ng g(-1)), NIV (66 to 4,180 ng g(-1)), and ZEA (25 to 3,305 ng g(-1)); those found in blue-tinged (less-ripe) rice were DON (86 to 630 ng g(-1)), NIV (50 to 3,607 ng g(-1)), and ZEA (26 to 3,156 ng g(-1)). Brown rice samples were contaminated mostly with NIV and ZEA (52 to 569 ng g(-1) and 47 to 235 ng g(-1), respectively). Polished rice samples were largely free from mycotoxins, although one sample was contaminated with NIV (77 ng g(-1)). When the fungal flora associated with each rice sample was investigated, blue-tinged rice was the most often contaminated with Fusarium graminearum (3.8%), followed by the discolored rice (2.4%) and brown rice (1.6%) samples. Using PCR, toxin genotyping of 266 isolates of F. graminearum revealed that most isolates (96%) were NIV producers. In conclusion, this survey is the first report of the cocontamination of Korean rice and its by-products with trichothecenes and ZEA. Importantly, it also provides new information on the natural contamination of rice by Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
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Bansal J, Pantazopoulos P, Tam J, Cavlovic P, Kwong K, Turcotte AM, Lau BY, Scott P. Surveys of rice sold in Canada for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:767-74. [PMID: 21623501 PMCID: PMC3118495 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.559279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 200 samples of rice (including white, brown, red, black, basmati and jasmine, as well as wild rice) from several different countries, including the United States, Canada, Pakistan, India and Thailand, were analysed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins by separate liquid chromatographic methods in two different years. The mean concentrations for aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) were 0.19 and 0.17 ng g(-1) with respective positive incidences of 56% and 43% (≥ the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.002 ng g(-1)). Twenty-three samples analysed in the second year also contained aflatoxin B(2) (AFB(2)) at levels ≥LOD of 0.002 ng g(-1). The five most contaminated samples in each year contained 1.44-7.14 ng AFB(1) g(-1) (year 1) and 1.45-3.48 ng AFB(1) g(-1) (year 2); they were mostly basmati rice from India and Pakistan and black and red rice from Thailand. The average concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) were 0.05 and 0.005 ng g(-1) in year 1 and year 2, respectively; incidences of samples containing ≥LOD of 0.05 ng g(-1) were 43% and 1%, respectively, in the 2 years. All positive OTA results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. For fumonisins, concentrations of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) averaged 4.5 ng g(-1) in 15 positive samples (≥0.7 ng g(-1)) from year 1 (n = 99); fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) and fumonisin B(3) (FB(3)) were also present (≥1 ng g(-1)). In the second year there was only one positive sample (14 ng g(-1) FB(1)) out of 100 analysed. All positive FB(1) results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bansal
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - P. Pantazopoulos
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - J. Tam
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - P. Cavlovic
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - K. Kwong
- Health Canada, Food Laboratories Division, Ontario Region, 2301 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - A.-M. Turcotte
- Health Canada, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - B.P.-Y. Lau
- Health Canada, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - P.M. Scott
- Health Canada, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2, Canada
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Makun HA, Dutton MF, Njobeh PB, Mwanza M, Kabiru AY. Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res 2011; 27:97-104. [PMID: 21836766 PMCID: PMC3150825 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-010-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one rice samples from field (ten), store (six) and market (five) from the traditional rice-growing areas of Niger State, Nigeria were analysed for aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and B(2) (FB(2)), and patulin (PAT) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. T-2 toxin was determined using TLC only. AFs were detected in all samples, at total AF concentrations of 28-372 μg/kg. OTA was found in 66.7% of the samples, also at high concentrations (134-341 μg/kg) that have to be considered as critical levels in aspects of nephrotoxicity. ZEA (53.4%), DON (23.8), FB(1) (14.3%) and FB(2) (4.8%) were also found in rice, although at relatively low levels. T-2 toxin was qualitatively detected by TLC in only one sample. Co-contamination with AFs, OTA, and ZEA was very common, and up to five mycotoxins were detected in a single sample. The high AF and OTA levels as found in rice in this study are regarded as unsafe, and multi-occurrences of mycotoxins in the rice samples with possible additive or synergistic toxic effects in consumers raise concern with respect to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Anthony Makun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria
| | - Michael Francis Dutton
- Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa
| | - Patrick Berka Njobeh
- Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa
| | - Adamu Y. Kabiru
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria
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Reddy KRN, Farhana NI, Wardah AR, Salleh B. Morphological identification of foodborne pathogens colonizing rice grains in south Asia. Pak J Biol Sci 2010; 13:794-801. [PMID: 21850929 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2010.794.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the foodborne pathogens mainly, Aspergillus sp. colonizing rice grains using cultural and microscopic methods. Four differential media (Czapek Dox Agar (CZA), Czapek Yeast Agar (CYA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast 20% sucrose agar (CYA20S)) were used for differentiation of five Aspergillus sp., colonizing rice grains comparing with standard cultures. We studied macroscopic (colony color and diameter, conidia color, exudates, sclerotia and colony texture) and microscopic (conidiophore color, length and breadth, conidia size, shape and surface texture, vesicle diameter and phialides length and breadth) characteristics for identification of 110 isolates of Aspergillus sp. isolated from 65 rice grain samples collected from various countries in South Asia (Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand). According to morphological characters, all these isolates were belonging to Aspergillus flavus (45), A. fumigatus (8), A. ochraceus (7), A. niger (42) and A. tamarii (8). This is the first report on identification of large number of Aspergillus strains isolated from rice grains in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R N Reddy
- Plant Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Reddy K, Nurdijati S, Salleh B. An Overview of Plant-Derived Products on Control of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2010.126.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Grain-Borne Mycoflora and Fumonisin B1 From Fresh-Harvested and Stored Rice in Northern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 1970. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.6414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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