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Chalova L, Lokshin V, Kiyan V, Turdaliyeva B, Zhybanisheva K, Kinzhibayev A. Oocyte Donation: Three Perspectives. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A number of important problems remain unresolved in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) using germ cells from a single donor. This study aimed to assess attitudes about the use of sex gamete donation in ART in different social groups including medical workers, oocyte recipients, and oocyte donors.
Methods: To achieve this goal, we surveyed 286 participants from seven countries. Of them, 190 were medical workers from ART clinics (respondents from seven countries), 45 were oocyte recipients (Kazakhstan), and 51 were oocyte donors (Kazakhstan).
Results: A survey of the three groups showed that issues related to donor health were most common in the donor selection process based on patient and doctor distrust of the health care system. The main motive for oocyte donation was financial compensation, which draws attention to the social disadvantage of the donor population. Medical workers with more than 5 years of work experience (79.7%) supported the use of programs tracking donor sex gametes and limiting the use of oocyte donors.
Conclusions: The willingness and consent of the surveyed medical workers and oocyte recipients to use the donor material and create a unified registry of donor sex gametes demonstrates the importance of this issue.
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Tsai S, Chung EH, Truong T, Farrell AS, Wu J, Ohamadike O, Eaton JL. Racial and ethnic disparities among donor oocyte banks in the United States. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:622-628. [PMID: 35058045 PMCID: PMC9249380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether racial and ethnic distributions of oocyte donors contributing to US oocyte banks differ from the demographics of US women and donor oocyte recipients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING United States donor oocyte banks, US census, and fertility clinics reporting to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System. PATIENTS Oocyte donors from 12 banks, women aged 18-44 years based on the 2019 census, and US recipients of cryopreserved donor oocytes from 2012 to 2015. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Proportions of donors identifying as each racial and ethnic group. RESULTS Of the 1,574 oocyte donors, 678 (43.1%) identified as white compared with 54.8% of US women and 69.1% of donor oocyte recipients. Proportions of donors identifying as Hispanic or two or more races were larger than those of US women and donor oocyte recipients (Hispanic: 24.1% vs. 20.8%, and 24.1% vs. 8.8%, respectively; two or more races: 16.1% vs. 2.3%, and 16.1% vs. 0.5%, respectively). African American donors were underrepresented compared with US women (8.9% vs. 14.0%) and oocyte recipients (8.9% vs. 10.8%). Although the proportion of Asian donors was similar to that of US women (7.7% vs. 7.1%), Asian donors were underrepresented compared with donor oocyte recipients (7.7% vs. 10.6%). CONCLUSION Racial and ethnic distribution of oocyte donors differs significantly from the demographics of US women and cryopreserved donor oocyte recipients. These data suggest a need for targeted recruitment of African American and Asian oocyte donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelun Tsai
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Esther H. Chung
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University Medical Center, 5704 Fayetteville Road, Durham, NC 27713, United States
| | - Tracy Truong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Road Ste 1105, Durham, NC 27705, United States
| | - Amanda S. Farrell
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 8 Searle Center Drive, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jenny Wu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 8 Searle Center Drive, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Onyinye Ohamadike
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 8 Searle Center Drive, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Eaton
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University Medical Center, 5704 Fayetteville Road, Durham, NC 27713, United States,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 90 Plain Street, Providence, RI, 02903
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Adib Moghaddam E, Kazemi A, Kheirabadi G, Ahmadi SM. Psychosocial consequences of oocyte donation in donors: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 267:28-35. [PMID: 34689024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Assisted Reproductive Technology by means of oocyte donation is a very successful method leading to psychosocial consequences in donors. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on the psychosocial consequences of oocyte donation in the donors. The present study was conducted as a systematic review based on the PRISMA checklist. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SID databases for the documents written between 2000 and 2020 regardless of the research methodology and the employed tools. English and Persian articles focusing on psychological and social issues of oocyte donation were reviewed. From 2,759 studies which were found, finally 14 related ones were selected. Psychosocial challenges of donors were obtained in three dimensions including short-term and long-term psychological reactions to treatment complications, emotional reactions to their function as an oocyte donor, and emotional reactions to the resulting offspring resulting and related social challenges. According to the existing studies, oocyte donation is a challenging process with short-term and long-term psychosocial consequences for donors. In order to prevent the feasible psychosocial hazards caused by the donation process, it is necessary to provide oocyte donors with psychosocial support, proper counseling, and awareness of the facts and possible issues ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Adib Moghaddam
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kazemi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Kheirabadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Stuhmcke A. Reflections on autonomy in travel for cross border reproductive care. Monash Bioeth Rev 2021; 39:1-27. [PMID: 33453036 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-020-00125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Travel for reproductive health care has become a widespread global phenomenon. Within the field, the decision to travel to seek third parties to assist with reproduction is widely assumed to be autonomous. However there has been scant research exploring the application of the principle of autonomy to the experience of the cross-border traveller. Seeking to contribute to the growing, but still small, body of sociological bioethics research, this paper maps the application of the ethical principle of autonomy to the lived experience of infertile individuals who cross borders for reproductive care. It examines their choices as patient, consumer and traveller. It suggests that their experience evidences a contradictory autonomy, which offers them both choice and no choice in their final decision to travel. The paper argues that this lack of meaningful autonomy is enabled by a medicalised framework of infertility which prioritises technology as the cure to infertility. This both shapes expectations of infertile individuals and limits their options of family creation. Ultimately, the paper suggests that sociological bioethics research shows that the liberatory credentials of technology should be questioned, and identifies that this field demands greater scholarly attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Stuhmcke
- Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Cordier C, Ducrocq B, Fry J, Catteau-Jonard S. Views of French oocyte donors at least 3 years after donation. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 40:819-826. [PMID: 32295744 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION The study aimed to evaluate the percentage of oocyte donors who regretted their donation at least 3 years later. DESIGN Between December 2018 and January 2019, this single-centre study sought to contact by telephone all women who had donated oocytes during the 6-year period from 2010 to 2015 at the Lille Centre for the study and storage of eggs and spermatozoa (CECOS). RESULTS Among 118 women, 72 responded to the questionnaire by telephone and were included in the study. The response rate was 61%. No woman regretted having donated an oocyte, and 89% said that they would do it again in the same situation. The survey distinguished two types of donors: 'relational' (58%) and 'altruistic' (42%); some of their responses differed. Ninety per cent of the women had talked about the donation to family and friends. Among them, 74% felt supported by their family and friends, and 72% by their partner. The donation was something that 76% of the women sometimes thought about; 83% felt that this donation was something useful that they had accomplished. Finally, most donors felt that oocyte donation should remain unremunerated and anonymous. CONCLUSIONS None of the donors we interviewed regretted their donation. In France, the current principles governing this donation appear satisfactory to oocyte donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cordier
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lille, France.
| | | | - Julie Fry
- Cellules d'Urgence Médico-Psychologiques SAMU 62, CECOS de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Catteau-Jonard
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lille, France; Université de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
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Cormery E, Frapsauce C, Malmanche H. [Preliminary study on the experience of egg donors at the CHRU in Tours: Key features for future research]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 48:366-373. [PMID: 32035169 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This exploratory survey aims to identify the obstacles to egg donation (ED), based on the donors' experience. Despite 30 years of practice and awareness-raising campaigns, ED in France suffers from a shortage of female donors due to a lack of knowledge of this donation (Agence de la biomédecine, 2017). METHOD Qualitative study by semi-directive interviews conducted between January and August 2018 at the CHRU in Tours with 15 egg donors in the postoperative period. RESULTS The donation generated a sense of pride and personal accomplishment among the donors, in contrast to the lack of recognition of their actions by professionals and their entourage. Physical commitment does not seem to be a barrier to donation. The organisational and logistical constraints were identified as one of the main obstacles, while 70% of the interviewees stressed the benevolence of the practitioners. Finally, the donation opened up questions for them on female fertility, maternity and the role of gender norms in gamete donation. CONCLUSION The survey reveals the technical dimension of ED imposed by the biomedical system deplored by donors, and highlights the need to recognize their actions. Physical engagement is not a major obstacle, unlike organizational and relational aspects. This study opens up an important field of investigation, which should be explored in particular in the perspective of a French bioethical reform of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cormery
- Maternité Olympe de Gouges, CHRU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - C Frapsauce
- Service de médecine et biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, CHRU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; Université de Tours, 60, rue du Plat D'Étain, 37020 Tours cedex 1, France
| | - H Malmanche
- École des hautes études en sciences sociales, centre d'études sociologiques et politiques Raymond-Aron (UMR 8036), 105, boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France; Maternité des Bluets, Hôpital Pierre-Rouquès, 4, rue Lasson, 75012 Paris, France
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Thaldar D. Egg donors' motivations, experiences, and opinions: A survey of egg donors in South Africa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226603. [PMID: 31940367 PMCID: PMC6961873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to gain information from egg donors in South Africa (SA) which could be pertinent to policy development on egg donation. The study was conducted on egg donors in the database of a Cape Town-based egg donation agency who donated within a year preceding the study. 150 egg donors from the population of 226 participated in an online survey. The main results are: 95% of respondents experienced egg donation as being positive. However, 7% of respondents report not giving proper informed consent, and a similar percentage of respondents also report not knowing whether any medical risks actually materialised as sequelae to their donations. This is a cause for concern and should be investigated further. Regarding donor anonymity, which is currently the legal position in SA, 79% of respondents indicated that they would still have donated had they been legally required to release their identities. Accordingly, possible legal reform away from the current system of donor anonymity seems unlikely to significantly impact the supply of donated eggs. Regarding motivation, respondents report being primarily motivated by wanting to help infertile women. However, respondents believe that a fair and realistic amount of compensation would be about 60% higher than what is currently paid as the national standard fixed amount. This fixed-amount compensation system should be further investigated in terms of its legality, impact on donor profile, and its current amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donrich Thaldar
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Gonzalo J, Perul M, Corral M, Caballero M, Conti C, García D, Vassena R, Rodríguez A. A follow-up study of the long-term satisfaction, reproductive experiences, and self-reported health status of oocyte donors in Spain. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:227-232. [DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1588960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Williams RA, Machin LL. Rethinking gamete donor care: A satisfaction survey of egg and sperm donors in the UK. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199971. [PMID: 30036373 PMCID: PMC6056032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite poor clinic communication and staff treatment being reported by donors, high rates of overall satisfaction are still reported in surveys. This study will evaluate the importance of communication and interaction between donors and fertility clinic staff in gamete donor care. METHODS We report on 120 egg and sperm donors' responses to a UK-wide online satisfaction survey. The survey focused on donors' interactions with fertility clinic staff pre-, during, and post- donation. Basic cross-tabulation was performed on the data using online survey software. Textual data was read and extracts identified, which illustrated and expanded on the findings from the numerical data. Diagrammatic modeling was also utilised to analyse the textual data, with particular focus to relationships between the donors and clinic staff, the main activities within the gamete donation process, and how these activities may affect donor satisfaction with the gamete donation process. RESULTS Donors expressed concern for the infertile couple and the resulting child; conveyed frustration at not receiving information on the expenses they could claim; felt lost in the system regarding the ease of making clinic appointments, and once made they were routinely not seen on time for these appointments. Donors also negatively commented on aftercare, the location and condition of the donation room, and information on contraception. In addition, Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome was frequently reported, with these egg donors believing that clinic staff were not concerned with their physical or emotional well-being, but were instead disproportionately focused on extracting the eggs. CONCLUSIONS The multifaceted notion of donors highlights the complexity inherent to the gamete donation process, which comprises various aspects of uncertainty in the donation system, and ambiguity in the donation process. Categorising donors as Altruist, Customer, and Patient, conveys the particular importance of staff communication and treatment in donor care. These categories are not mutually exclusive however, in that an individual donor may experience more than one of these perspectives during the course of their gamete donation journey. Finally, there were a number of exemplar cases, where donors reported high satisfaction throughout, and these correlated with them being given a single point of contact at the clinic. Subject to resource constraints, we suggest that this practice should be implemented throughout clinics in the UK, so that donors have access to dedicated clinic staff who not only support them emotionally and physically throughout the gamete donation process, but also ensure that communication is open, clear, timely, and consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Williams
- Department of Management Science, Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L. Machin
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Blyth E, Crawshaw M, Frith L, van den Akker O. Gamete donors' reasons for, and expectations and experiences of, registration with a voluntary donor linking register. HUM FERTIL 2017. [PMID: 28635412 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1292005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on a study of the views and experiences of 21 sperm donors and five egg donors registered with UK DonorLink (UKDL), a voluntary DNA-based contact register established to facilitate contact between adults who wish to identify and locate others to whom they are genetically related following donor conception. Specifically, the paper examines donors' reasons for searching for, or making information about themselves available to donor-conceived offspring. Their expectations of registration with UKDL, experiences of being registered and finally, the experiences of those who had contacted donor-conceived offspring and other genetic relatives are investigated. While most respondents reported largely positive experiences of registration, the study found significant issues relating to concerns about donation, DNA testing, possible linking with offspring and expectations of any relationship that might be established with offspring that have implications for support, mediation and counselling. Research that puts the experiences, perceptions and interests of gamete donors as the central focus of study is a relatively recent phenomenon. This study contributes to this debate and highlights directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Blyth
- a School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Marilyn Crawshaw
- b Department of Social Policy and Social Work , University of York , York , UK
| | - Lucy Frith
- c Department of Health Services Research , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Olga van den Akker
- d Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology , Middlesex University , London , UK
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Acharya S, Bryant L, Twiddy M. Altruism or obligation? The motivations and experience of women who donate oocytes to known recipients in assisted conception treatment: an interpretative phenomenological analysis study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 38:4-11. [PMID: 28136000 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2016.1233171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This qualitative study was conducted to explore the motivations and experience of oocyte donors donating to women known to them. METHODS Three women who donated oocytes to a close relative were interviewed and data were analysed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. RESULTS The two key elements noted were "motivations for donation" and "coping with the consequences of oocyte donation". The motivation for donation was influenced by the familial bond that was strengthened by the donation process in some cases. The concept of altruistic oocyte donation stemmed from the narratives of giving the gift of motherhood and gaining a positive self-image and respect from others. Coping with the consequences of oocyte donation tests the donor identity, their wishes for a positive outcome, concerns regarding disclosure of biological motherhood and detachment from the egg and potential child. DISCUSSION Motivation is influenced by a combination of factors including the rewards of altruistic behaviour, the existence and potential strengthening of the relationship between donor and recipient, but possibly also, a sense of obligation and societal expectations. Oocyte donation can be variously viewed by donors as a unique way of reproductive empowerment or an example of acceding to subtle coercion and thus disempowerment. The study also highlights the clinical as well as ethical importance of providing support services for oocyte donors and recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Acharya
- a Ayrshire Fertility Unit , University Hospital Crosshouse , Kilmarnock , Scotland, UK
| | - Louise Bryant
- b Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Maureen Twiddy
- b Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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Graham S, Jadva V, Freeman T, Ahuja K, Golombok S. Being an identity-release donor: a qualitative study exploring the motivations, experiences and future expectations of current UK egg donors. HUM FERTIL 2016; 19:230-241. [PMID: 27563721 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2016.1221148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the motivations, experiences and future expectations of identity-release egg donors in the UK following the removal of donor anonymity and the increase in financial compensation for egg donation. This exploratory, in-depth qualitative study comprised semi-structured interviews with 11 women who had attended an egg donation screening appointment at a UK clinic during a four-month period in 2014. Interviews were conducted two to six weeks after the woman had donated or had withdrawn/been rejected from the donation process. Participants' primary motivation for donating was to help infertile women have their 'own child', and the recent increase in financial compensation did not seem to play a significant role in their decision. All were happy to be identifiable and contacted by children born as a result of their donation. However, some were hesitant about providing non-identifying information about themselves for these offspring and wished for further information about the recipient(s) of their eggs and the outcome of their donation. Whilst this study was limited due to the small sample size, it is the first study of UK egg donors following the rise in donor compensation and suggests that other strategies may be more effective in increasing donor numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Graham
- a Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Vasanti Jadva
- a Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Tabitha Freeman
- a Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | | | - Susan Golombok
- a Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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Bracewell-Milnes T, Saso S, Bora S, Ismail AM, Al-Memar M, Hamed AH, Abdalla H, Thum MY. Investigating psychosocial attitudes, motivations and experiences of oocyte donors, recipients and egg sharers: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:450-65. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Söderström-Anttila V, Miettinen A, Rotkirch A, Nuojua-Huttunen S, Poranen AK, Sälevaara M, Suikkari AM. Short- and long-term health consequences and current satisfaction levels for altruistic anonymous, identity-release and known oocyte donors. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:597-606. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Lawson AK, Klock SC, Pavone ME, Hirshfeld-Cytron J, Smith KN, Kazer RR. Prospective study of depression and anxiety in female fertility preservation and infertility patients. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1377-84. [PMID: 25154674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess anxiety, depression, coping, and appraisal in female fertility preservation (FP) patients compared with infertile patients. DESIGN Prospective pre- and post-treatment survey. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Forty-seven women with cancer (FP patients) and 91 age-matched infertile patients. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Depression, anxiety, coping, infertility-related stress, appraisal of treatment, and medical outcomes. RESULT(S) FP patients reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression than infertile patients, but infertile patients' symptoms worsened over time; 44% of FP and 14% of infertile patients' scores exceeded the clinical cutoff for depression before treatment. The interval between surveys and medical treatment data did not predict changes in mood symptoms. Coping strategies and infertility-related stress did not differ between groups, and avoidant coping predicted higher depression and anxiety scores. CONCLUSION(S) FP patients reported more anxiety and depression than infertile patients at enrollment in treatment, with more than one-third of FP patients reporting clinically significant depressive symptoms. However, infertile patients' anxiety and depressive symptoms increased across treatment. This increase was not related to time between registration for IVF and oocyte retrieval or the medical aspects of treatment. FP and infertile patients should be provided psychologic consultation before treatment to identify mood and anxiety symptoms and to refer patients for counseling as needed to prevent worsening of symptoms.
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Boutelle AL. Donor Motivations, Associated Risks and Ethical Considerations of Oocyte Donation. Nurs Womens Health 2014; 18:112-21. [PMID: 24750650 DOI: 10.1111/1751-486x.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Skoog Svanberg A, Lampic C, Gejerwall AL, Gudmundsson J, Karlström PO, Solensten NG, Sydsjö G. Gamete donors' satisfaction; gender differences and similarities among oocyte and sperm donors in a national sample. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:1049-56. [PMID: 23611727 PMCID: PMC3933731 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore oocyte and sperm donors' emotional stress, experiences of care and satisfaction after donation. DESIGN Prospective multicenter study. SETTINGS All fertility clinics performing gamete donation in Sweden during the period 2005 to 2008. POPULATION Of 220 eligible oocyte donors who were approached, 181 agreed to complete the first questionnaire and 165 completed the second questionnaire 2 months after oocyte donation. Of 156 eligible sperm donors 119 accepted to complete the first questionnaire before donation. Eighty-nine participants completed the second questionnaire 2 months after sperm donation. METHODS Standardized and study-specific questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Satisfaction with the donation, respondents' mental health and overall care. RESULTS A larger percentage of sperm donors (97.8%) were satisfied with their overall experience of being a donor than oocyte donors (85.9%, p = 0.003). Some oocyte and sperm donors did not receive sufficient information about practical issues (9.1% and 13.5%, respectively) and future consequences (12.8% and 3.4%, respectively, p = 0.014). The donors' symptoms of anxiety and depression did not show any differences in relation to negative or positive perceptions of satisfaction. The donors who did not indicate ambivalence before treatment were on average almost five times more satisfied compared with those who did indicate ambivalence (odds ratio 4.71; 95% CI 1.34-16.51). CONCLUSIONS Most donors were satisfied with their contribution after the donation. Oocyte and sperm donors who expressed ambivalence before donation were less satisfied after donation. In vitro fertilization staff fulfilled most of the donors' needs for information and care.
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Raes I, Ravelingien A, Pennings G. The right of the donor to information about children conceived from his or her gametes. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:560-5. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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SVANBERG AGNETASKOOG, LAMPIC CLAUDIA, GEIJERWALL ANNLOUISE, GUDMUNDSSON JOHANNES, KARLSTRÖM PEROLOF, SOLENSTEN NILSGUNNAR, SYDSJÖ GUNILLA. Gamete donors’ motivation in a Swedish national sample: is there any ambivalence? A descriptive study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 91:944-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jaeger AS, Ross LS, Lindheim SR. Observed Discrepancies in Donors’ Information Sharing and Oocyte-Embryo Management and Disposition Reported to Reproductive Health Professionals: A Call for Programmatic Improvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/21507716.2011.639125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Views of donors and recipients regarding disclosure to children following altruistic known oocyte donation. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23:851-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kalfoglou AL, Sauer MV. A precautionary approach to oocyte donation for stem cell nuclear transplantation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2011; 11:31-33. [PMID: 21877970 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2011.596989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Yee S, Blyth E, Tsang AKT. Oocyte donors’ experiences of altruistic known donation: a qualitative study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2011.611938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Nowoweiski S, Matic H, Foster P. Patient experiences in advertising for an egg donor. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:686-91. [PMID: 21498120 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advertising is a commonly used means of recruiting an egg donor within Australia. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and outcomes of people's attempts to recruit an egg donor through advertising in a printed publication, Melbourne's Child. Individuals and couples who placed a new advertisement between July 2007 and December 2008 were invited to participate (n = 84), and those who expressed interest were mailed a questionnaire specifically designed for the purposes of this study. Thirty-one advertisers (37%) agreed to be sent the questionnaire and 28 were completed and returned (33%). Results showed that over half (56%) of respondents successfully recruited an egg donor through their advertisement in Melbourne's Child, 75% received at least one genuine reply and most people received a response within 2 weeks (50%) or 1-2 months (32%) after publication. At the time of completing the questionnaire, 48% had undergone a treatment cycle using donor eggs. Advertising was recalled as a stressful experience and 79% of respondents felt that more information about the success of advertising would have been helpful prior to embarking on this process. Results will be used to inform current clinical practice in assisting patients to recruit an egg donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nowoweiski
- Melbourne IVF, Suite 10, 320 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia.
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Sills ES, Mykhaylyshyn LO, Dorofeyeva US, Walsh DJ, Salma U, Omar AB, Coull GD, David IA, Brickell KM, Tsar OM, Walsh AP. The long path to pregnancy: early experience with dual anonymous gamete donation in a European in vitro fertilisation referral centre. Reprod Health 2010; 7:20. [PMID: 20701806 PMCID: PMC2925351 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This investigation describes features of patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) where both gametes were obtained from anonymous donors. Methods Gamete unsuitability or loss was confirmed in both members of seven otherwise healthy couples presenting for reproductive endocrinology consultation over a 12-month interval in Ireland. IVF was undertaken with fresh oocytes provided by anonymous donors in Ukraine; frozen sperm (anonymous donor) was obtained from a licensed tissue establishment. For recipients, saline-enhanced sonography was used to assess intrauterine contour with endometrial preparation via transdermal estrogen. Results Among commissioning couples, mean±SD female and male age was 41.9 ± 3.7 and 44.6 ± 3.5 yrs, respectively. During this period, female age for non dual anonymous gamete donation IVF patients was 37.9 ± 3 yrs (p < 0.001). Infertility duration was ≥3 yrs for couples enrolling in dual gamete donation, and each had ≥2 prior failed fertility treatments using native oocytes. All seven recipient couples proceeded to embryo transfer, although one patient had two transfers. Clinical pregnancy was achieved for 5/7 (71.4%) patients. Non-transferred cryopreserved embryos were available for all seven couples. Conclusions Mean age of females undergoing dual anonymous donor gamete donation with IVF is significantly higher than the background IVF patient population. Even when neither partner is able to contribute any gametes for IVF, the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer can be satisfactory if both anonymous egg and sperm donation are used concurrently. Our report emphasises the role of pre-treatment counselling in dual anonymous gamete donation, and presents a coordinated screening and treatment approach in IVF where this option may be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Scott Sills
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Sims Institute/Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin, Ireland.
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Purewal S, van den Akker O. Attitudes and intention to donate oocytes for research. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:1080-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kenney NJ, McGowan ML. Looking back: egg donors' retrospective evaluations of their motivations, expectations, and experiences during their first donation cycle. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:455-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sachs P, Covington SN, Toll C, Richter KS, Purcell M, Chang FE. Demographic variables related to successful anonymous oocyte donor recruitment. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:311-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Purewal S, Vanden Akker O. 'I feel like they were mine and I should be looking after them': an exploration of non-patient women's attitudes towards oocyte donation. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 30:215-22. [PMID: 19883292 DOI: 10.3109/01674820903348732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to qualitatively assess the meaning of oocytes and oocyte donation for treatment and research among non-patient women in the UK using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This study also assessed the application of components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in intentions and attitudes towards oocyte donation. Eight parous and nulliparous women from White and South Asian backgrounds, who reported no fertility problems, were interviewed. Four interrelated super-ordinate themes were identified: (1) oocytes as 'Just a cell' and 'Potential life'; (2) oocyte donation as 'Altruism' and 'Not normal behaviour'; (3) 'Importance of motherhood' and the 'Importance of a genetic link'. Ethnic differences were observed in the final theme (4) which identified the importance of 'Social Support' and 'Reproductive Control' in women's discourses of oocyte donation. Analysis revealed participant's beliefs and thoughts about oocyte donation were complex, interwoven and paradoxical. Previous quantitative studies that have assessed components of the TPB in relation to oocyte donation have failed to identity important alternative explanations of oocyte donation and subtle complexities in attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Purewal
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK.
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Purewal S, van den Akker O. A study of the effect of message framing on oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3136-43. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Daniels K. Anonymity and openness and the recruitment of gamete donors. Part 2: Oocyte donors. HUM FERTIL 2009; 10:223-31. [DOI: 10.1080/14647270701624792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Purewal S, van den Akker O. Systematic review of oocyte donation: investigating attitudes, motivations and experiences. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15:499-515. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Purewal S, van den Akker OBA. British women's attitudes towards oocyte donation: ethnic differences and altruism. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2006; 64:43-9. [PMID: 16427244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 10/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the importance of altruism and willingness to donate oocytes in British Asian and Caucasian samples. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used to test the importance of attitudes towards oocyte donation, normative and control beliefs to attitudes to donate oocytes. METHOD One hundred and one participants (55% Asian, 45% Caucasian) completed questionnaires measuring altruism and attitudes to Oocyte donation. There were no socio-demographic differences between ethnic groups. RESULTS Few women were willing to donate oocytes, Asian women were least likely to donate oocytes, and altruism was not related to willingness to donate. Forty-one participants considered themselves 'possible' oocyte donors and 54 as definite 'non' donors. Possible donors reported significantly more positive attitudes towards egg donation; asking women to donate under various circumstances; to the consequences of donating their eggs; positively experiencing egg donation and to factors that would induce women to donate. Subjective norms and behavioural control also influenced intention to donate. CONCLUSION A number of components of the TPB were able to predict possible oocyte donation, and non-oocyte donation. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study provides some empirical support for specific factors influencing cultural differences in gamete donation in the UK. A future culturally appropriate targeted approach to donation education could redress the present imbalance in supply and demand of gametes in infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Purewal
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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Fiori O, Cornet D, Darai E, Antoine JM, Bazot M. Uro-retroperitoneum after ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle puncture in an oocyte donor: a case report. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2969-71. [PMID: 16940321 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle aspiration is the standard technique for oocyte retrieval prior to IVF. Complications are rare, but some are potentially serious. We report a case of ureteral injury with acute-onset uro-retroperitoneum in a volunteer oocyte donor. The patient recovered rapidly after ureteral stenting. This case underlines the need for all candidate oocyte donors to receive proper information on serious procedure-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Fiori
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
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van den Akker O. A review of family donor constructs: current research and future directions. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 12:91-101. [PMID: 16172110 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses research on gamete donors, recipients, and offspring and demonstrates that the foci on all three within the triad are largely directed at disclosure or anonymity; and each in turn centers on the perceived importance of the genetic link. The importance attached to genetics has led some countries to review the ethics of anonymous gamete donation (e.g. New Zealand's 'open system' of information sharing) and has led other countries (Sweden, Austria, Victoria, Australia; the Netherlands, the UK) to change their laws allowing donor gamete offspring the right to obtain identifying information about their genetic parent. This review demonstrates that genealogical inconsistencies between and within members of the triad are common regardless of legislation. A discussion of future trends and concerns, relating to the use of gamete donation and the effects legislation is likely to have on the donor triads in the UK following 2005, is provided. The review also addresses the importance of testing theoretical models within future research, and argues this would lead to a better understanding of the underlying problems encountered at a psychosocial level, such as continued preference for anonymity in donors and denial in large numbers of users of the involvement of a donor in conception. Lack of disclosure effectively prevents true implementation of legislation; if a child is not informed, it is the result of donated gametes, it cannot take up the legally available option of finding out identifiable information about their genetic parent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga van den Akker
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK.
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