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Bruinhof N, Sehic E, Hancock GR, Gartstein MA, de Weerth C. Prenatal anticipatory stress: Baby preparation and worry scale-revised in the Dutch context. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 128:152437. [PMID: 38007905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal distress encompasses a range of different emotions, worries, and experiences of stress. The Baby Preparation and Worry Scale (Baby-PAWS) was recently developed to target anticipatory worries during pregnancy about the postnatal period. However, the Baby-PAWS questionnaire was only examined in the United States of America, limiting the questionnaire's generalizability to different countries. To address this issue, we performed a psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire in a Dutch sample and examined associations between the Baby-PAWS questionnaire and established measures of maternal distress (i.e., EPDS, STAI, PRAQ-R) and infant temperament (i.e., IBQ-R). METHODS Healthy pregnant women (N = 521) completed questionnaires during their third trimester and postnatally, including the Baby-PAWS and distress measures. A subsample of mothers (N = 194) also reported on infant temperament at 12 weeks postpartum. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor structure for the 16-item questionnaire in our Dutch sample, as compared to the expected three-factor structure found in the original psychometric evaluation with the American sample. The total Baby-PAWS score was related to pre-and postnatal depression, anxiety, stress, and specific scales of infant temperament. American women scored higher on the Baby-PAWS items than Dutch women. LIMITATIONS Our participants had higher-than-average socioeconomic status, limiting the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSION The current analyses indicate good validity of the Baby-PAWS in a Dutch sample. Furthermore, our results highlight cross-cultural differences in perinatal mental health and show the importance of examining instrument structure of context-dependent constructs, such as prenatal worries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bruinhof
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ela Sehic
- Washington State University, Department of Psychology, Pullman, WA, United States of America.
| | | | - Maria A Gartstein
- Washington State University, Department of Psychology, Pullman, WA, United States of America.
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Vacaru SV, Parenteau AM, Yi S, Silvers JA, Hostinar CE, de Weerth C. Adolescents' hair cortisol concentrations during COVID-19: Evidence from two longitudinal studies in the Netherlands and the United States. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22438. [PMID: 38010307 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged stress exposure is associated with alterations in cortisol output. The COVID-19 pandemic represented a stressor for many, including children. However, a high-quality caregiving environment may protect against psychological problems and possibly against elevations in cortisol. We examined adolescents' physiological stress responses to the pandemic and the role of attachment in two longitudinal samples from the Netherlands and the United States (https://aspredicted.org/HHY_8MK). METHODS Cortisol was assessed from hair samples before and during the pandemic, while attachment was self-reported prepandemic. Study 1 included a Dutch sample (N = 158; examined at ages 10 and later at 14 years old), whereas Study 2 included a US sample (N = 153; examined at ages 9-11 and again 2 years later) and an age-matched prepandemic sample (N = 29, 10-13 years old). Repeated-measures analyses of variance examined changes in cortisol from prepandemic to during the pandemic and the effect of attachment in each sample separately. RESULTS After accounting for age, both studies revealed nonsignificant changes in hair cortisol and a nonsignificant effect of attachment. A significant effect of sex emerged in Study 1, with Dutch girls showing a significant cortisol increase during the pandemic, which was not explained by puberty. CONCLUSION These findings suggest differential associations of the pandemic with hair cortisol increases by sex and country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania V Vacaru
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies & Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Parenteau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sydney Yi
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Camelia E Hostinar
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sieber F, Zmyj N. Stability and structure of infant and toddler temperament in two longitudinal studies in Germany. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 67:101714. [PMID: 35344850 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the factor structure and longitudinal stability of infant and toddler temperament measured with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) and the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) in two German samples. Since the few studies using the German IBQ-R failed to replicate the commonly assumed three factors of infant temperament, another exploration of its factor structure was necessary. Whereas previous stability measurements are usually based on groups with relatively large age ranges, we investigated stability between concrete ages. In Study 1, the IBQ-R was applied in 9- and 12-month-old infants. In Study 2, both questionnaires were applied in 12-, 18-, and 24-month-olds. Factor analyses of the IBQ-R in both studies revealed a two-factor solution comprising Surgency/ Extraversion and Negative Affectivity, replicating earlier findings with German infants. The Orienting/ Regulation factor was not replicated for the IBQ-R, whereas analysis of the ECBQ revealed a three-factor solution for toddlers. The results showed stability of temperament ratings within infancy (Study 1) and toddlerhood (Study 2) as well as between the developmental periods within the second year of life (Study 2). Taken together, the present findings indicate that temperament stability emerges early in life and can be reliably measured using the IBQ-R and ECBQ, whereas the factor structure of temperament in infancy requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sieber
- Institute of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Norbert Zmyj
- Institute of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Spinelli M, Bornstein MH, Putnick DL, Shah PE. Multimodal assessments of preterm temperament across the first year of life: Continuity, stability, and moderation by country of origin and infant age. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:287-299. [PMID: 35156723 PMCID: PMC9813679 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is limited research regarding the continuity, stability, and role of country of origin in preterm infant temperament across the first year of life. This prospective longitudinal study examined patterns of mean-level continuity and individual-differences stability of select scales of temperament at 6 and 12 months in preterm infants from three countries, Chile (n = 47), United Kingdom (n = 44), and United States (n = 50). Temperament was assessed with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire and observed using the Bayley Behavior Rating Scale. Continuity and stability across infant age, country effects, and interactions of country and age on preterm infant temperament were examined. Chilean mothers rated infants higher in soothability, duration of orienting, and orientation/engagement compared with mothers from the United Kingdom and/or United States. Continuity of temperament from 6 to 12 months varied by country: Chilean mothers reported increasing smiling and laughter and activity level from 6 to 12 months, and mothers from the United Kingdom reported decreasing smiling and laughter and increasing fear from 6 to 12 months. Infant temperament was stable in all three countries. Correlations evidenced low concordance between maternal reports and examiner observations of infant temperament at 12 months. However, among Chilean infants, higher maternal reported activity level was associated with higher examiner observed orientation/engagement score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,Institute for Fiscal Studies
| | - Diane L. Putnick
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Prachi E. Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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5
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Desmarais EE, French BF, Ahmetoglu E, Acar I, Gonzalez-Salinas C, Kozlova E, Slobodskaya H, Benga O, Majdandžić M, Beijers R, de Weerth C, Huitron B, Lee EG, Han SY, Park SY, Giusti L, Montirosso R, Tuovinen S, Heinonen K, Raikkonen K, Wang Z, Lecannelier F, Linhares MBM, Casalin S, Putnam SP, Gartstein MA. Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254211020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing temperament ratings of toddlers from 14 nations. Multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures were utilized to regress negative emotionality (NE) and component subscales on Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions while controlling for age and gender. More individualistic values were associated with lower NE, and component discomfort, fear, motor activity, perceptual sensitivity, and soothability scales. The discomfort subscale was negatively associated with power distance and positively associated with masculine cultural values. Higher ratings of shyness were related to a more long-term cultural orientation. Results illustrate the feasibility of an MLM approach to cross-cultural research and provide a new perspective on the intersection of culture and temperament development. Limitations and future implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Kozlova
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | - Helena Slobodskaya
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | | | | | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University the Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eun Gyoung Lee
- Ewha Social Science Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, South Korea
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Giusti
- 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Italy
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Italy
| | - Soile Tuovinen
- University of Helsinki, Finland
- Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences; Tampere University; Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- University of Helsinki, Finland
- Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences; Tampere University; Finland
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6
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Desmarais E, Brown K, Campbell K, French BF, Putnam SP, Casalin S, Linhares MBM, Lecannelier F, Wang Z, Raikkonen K, Heinonen K, Tuovinen S, Montirosso R, Provenzi L, Park SY, Han SY, Lee EG, Huitron B, de Weerth C, Beijers R, Majdandžić M, Benga O, Slobodskaya H, Kozlova E, Gonzalez-Salinas C, Acar I, Ahmetoglu E, Gartstein MA. Links between television exposure and toddler dysregulation: Does culture matter? Infant Behav Dev 2021; 63:101557. [PMID: 33878597 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Television exposure in early childhood has increased, with concerns raised regarding adverse effects on social-emotional development, and emerging self-regulation in particular. The present study addressed television exposure (i.e., amount of time watching TV) and its associations with toddler behavioral/emotional dysregulation, examining potential differences across 14 cultures. The sample consisted of an average of 60 toddlers from each of the 14 countries from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC; Gartstein & Putnam, 2018). Analyses were conducted relying on the multi-level modeling framework (MLM), accounting for between- and within-culture variability, and examining the extent to which TV exposure contributions were universal vs. variable across sites. Effects of time watching TV were evaluated in relation to temperament reactivity and regulation, as well as measures of emotional reactivity, attention difficulties, and aggression. Results indicated that more time spent watching TV was associated with higher ratings on Negative Emotionality, emotional reactivity, aggression, and attention problems, as well as lower levels of soothability. However, links between TV exposure and both attention problems and soothability varied significantly between cultures. Taken together, results demonstrate that increased time spent watching television was generally associated with dysregulation, although effects were not consistently uniform, but rather varied as a function of culturally-dependent contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kati Heinonen
- University of Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University, Finland
| | | | | | - Livio Provenzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Eun Gyoung Lee
- Ewha Social Science Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Helena Slobodskaya
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | - Elena Kozlova
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
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Blanken TF, Courbet O, Franc N, Albajara Sáenz A, Van Someren EJW, Peigneux P, Villemonteix T. Is an irritable ADHD profile traceable using personality dimensions? Replicability, stability, and predictive value over time of data-driven profiles. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:633-645. [PMID: 32399809 PMCID: PMC8041702 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous condition. In particular, children with ADHD display varying profiles of dispositional traits, as assessed through temperament and personality questionnaires. Previous data-driven community detection analyses based on temperament dimensions identified an irritable profile of patients with ADHD, uniquely characterized by elevated emotional dysregulation symptoms. Belonging to this profile increased the risk of developing comorbid disorders. Here, we investigated whether we could replicate this profile in a sample of 178 children with ADHD, using community detection based on personality dimensions. Stability of the identified profiles, of individual classifications, and clinical prediction were longitudinally assessed over a 1-year interval. Three personality profiles were detected: The first two profiles had high levels of neuroticism, with the first displaying higher ADHD severity and lower openness to experience (profile 1; N = 38), and the second lower agreeableness (profile 2; N = 73). The third profile displayed scores closer to the normative range on all five factors (profile 3; N = 67). The identified profiles did only partially replicate the temperament-based profiles previously reported, as higher levels of neuroticism were found in two of the three detected profiles. Nonetheless, despite changes in individual classifications, the profiles themselves were highly stable over time and of clinical predictive value. Whereas children belonging to profiles 1 and 2 benefited from starting medication, children in profile 3 did not. Hence, belonging to an emotionally dysregulated profile at baseline predicted the effect of medication at follow-up over and above initial ADHD symptom severity. This finding suggests that personality profiles could play a role in predicting treatment response in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa F Blanken
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ophélie Courbet
- Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Lab, Paris 8 University, Rue de la Liberté 2, 93526, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Nathalie Franc
- Médecine Psychologique de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent (MPEA1), MPEA Secteur 1, Hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Ariadna Albajara Sáenz
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UN-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UN-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Lab, Paris 8 University, Rue de la Liberté 2, 93526, Saint-Denis, France
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Dias CC, Costa R, Pinto TM, Figueiredo B. The Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised: psychometric properties at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months of life. Early Hum Dev 2021; 153:105290. [PMID: 33316587 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament characteristics are key elements for infants' development. The Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised (IBQ-R) is one of the most used measures to assess temperament in infants aged between 3 and 12 months. Its reliability and factor structure have not yet been examined in infants younger than 3 months. AIMS To analyze the reliability of the IBQ-R at 2 weeks and the IBQ-R factor structure from 2 weeks to 12 months of life. METHOD A longitudinal repeated measures design was used. Three hundred mothers completed the IBQ-R when their infants were 2 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS At 2 weeks the proportion of "non-applicable" responses was higher in duration of orienting, high intensity pleasure, approach and smiling and laughter scales. The Cronbach's alpha for the IBQ-R dimensions ranged between 0.62 and 0.63 and the McDonald's omega ranged between 0.67 and 0.80, all dimensions exhibited a mean-scale correlation above 0.15, and more than half of the scales revealed a scale-dimension correlation higher than 0.30. The same factor structure was found at 2 weeks, and at 3, 6, and 12 months: surgency/extraversion, p < 0.001, negative affectivity, p < 0.001, and orienting regulation, p = 0.007. CONCLUSIONS The IBQ-R may be applied in the first weeks of life and its factor structure remains stable when applied across different ages throughout infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Castro Dias
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Costa
- Universidade Europeia - Laureate International University, 1500-210 Lisboa, Portugal; EPIUnit - Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Miguel Pinto
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Figueiredo
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Underwood JJ, Kirchhoff C, Warwick H, Gartstein MA. Leveraging Python to Process Cross-Cultural Temperament Interviews: A Novel Platform for Text Analysis. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022120906478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During childhood, parents represent the most commonly used source of their child’s temperament information and, typically, do so by responding to questionnaires. Despite their wide-ranging applications, interviews present notorious data reduction challenges, as quantification of narratives has proven to be a labor-intensive process. However, for the purposes of this study, the labor-intensive nature may have conferred distinct advantages. The present study represents a demonstration project aimed at leveraging emerging technologies for this purpose. Specifically, we used Python natural language processing capabilities to analyze semistructured temperament interviews conducted with U.S. and German mothers of toddlers, expecting to identify differences between these two samples in the frequency of words used to describe individual differences, along with some similarities. Two different word lists were used: (a) a set of German personality words and (b) temperament-related words extracted from the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). Analyses using the German trait word demonstrated that mothers from Germany described their toddlers as significantly more “cheerful” and “careful” compared with U.S. caregivers. According to U.S. mothers, their children were more “independent,” “emotional,” and “timid.” For the ECBQ analysis, German mothers described their children as “calm” and “careful” more often than U.S. mothers. U.S. mothers, however, referred to their children as “upset,” “happy,” and “frustrated” more frequently than German caregivers. The Python code developed herein illustrates this software as a viable research tool for cross-cultural investigations.
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Gartstein MA, Erickson NL, Cooijmans KHM, Hancock GR, Zijlmans MAC, de Weerth C. Is prenatal maternal distress context-dependent? Comparing United States and the Netherlands. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:710-715. [PMID: 31561114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy can compromise a woman's well-being and affect offspring development. The present study represents a comparison of maternal late-pregnancy internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) between the United States of America (US) and the Netherlands. We hypothesized that women in the US would report higher levels of anxiety and depression during pregnancy compared to their Dutch counterparts, both on individual symptom indicators and overall latent distress, due to more favorable policies/accessible services relevant to perinatal health in the Netherlands. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited at two comparable sites in the Netherlands (n = 327) and the US (n = 228). Measures included self-reports of internalizing distress and key covariates (i.e., parity, gestational, and maternal age). RESULTS Expectant mothers in the US reported higher depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to their Dutch counterparts. Results were consistent across individual internalizing symptom indicators and the overall latent prenatal distress means computed for US and Dutch samples, with an estimated large effect size for the latter after controlling for covariates. LIMITATIONS Despite their relatively large sizes, our samples were limited in their representativeness of the two cultures and mechanisms contributing to observed differences were not examined. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women in the US reported higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms than women in the Netherlands. Implications concern perinatal policy and clinical services (e.g., emotional health support provided to mothers).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora L Erickson
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly H M Cooijmans
- Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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The Mother-Infant Sleep Nexus: Night-Time Experiences in Early Infancy and Later Outcomes. THE MOTHER-INFANT NEXUS IN ANTHROPOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27393-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Kirchhoff C, Desmarais E, Putnam S, Gartstein M. Similarities and differences between western cultures: Toddler temperament and parent-child interactions in the United States (US) and Germany. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prenatal phthalate exposures and child temperament at 12 and 24 months. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:248-257. [PMID: 28803130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational phthalate exposures have been adversely associated with attention, externalizing, and internalizing behaviors in childhood. Early childhood temperament may be a marker of later behavioral patterns. We therefore sought to determine whether gestational phthalate exposures were associated with infant and toddler temperament. METHODS The Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Study is a prospective cohort study of children born between May 1998 and July 2001 in New York City (N=404). Phthalate metabolites were measured in spot urine samples collected from pregnant women in their third trimester. Child temperament was assessed by parental report at 12-months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) (N=204) and at 24-months using the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ) (N=279). We used multiple linear regression to evaluate associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and eleven temperament domains. RESULTS Phthalate biomarker concentrations were weakly associated with lower gross motor activity levels as well as higher duration of orienting at the 12-month assessment. Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and the sum of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) were associated with lower levels of smiling and laughing at 12 months. At 24-months, social fear and lower pleasure was linked to higher concentrations of MCPP and MBzP, and higher ∑DEHP was weakly associated with increased anger levels at 24-months. CONCLUSIONS Though we observed some weak associations between biomarkers of prenatal exposure to phthalates and temperament at 12- and 24-months, overall phthalates biomarkers were not strongly associated with alterations in temperament.
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Desmarais E, Majdandžić M, Gartstein MA, Bridgett DJ, French B. Cross-Cultural Differences in Temperament: Comparing Paternal ratings of US and Dutch infants. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 16:137-151. [PMID: 30873214 DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2017.1356713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study conducted longitudinal comparisons of US and Dutch paternal ratings of temperament, measured via the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised, at 4 months (US n= 99; Dutch n= 127) and 12 months (US n= 66; Dutch n= 112) of age. US fathers rated their infant higher in the broad temperament trait Surgency, and its subscales vocal reactivity, high-intensity pleasure, and activity level. US fathers also rated their infants higher in Negative Emotionality, and its subscales of sadness, distress to limitations, and fear. Dutch infants received higher ratings in falling reactivity. Though the cultures did not differ in ratings of Orienting/regulatory capacity, US infants were higher on the subscale duration of orienting, and lower in soothability. Significant culture-by-age and culture-by-gender interactions were also noted. Overall, results are largely consistent with those reported for Dutch mothers (Sung et al., 2014) and speak to considerable differences in early temperament development between cultures viewed as largely similar because of their Western/individualistic orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjana Majdandžić
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education.,Research priority area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Brian French
- College of Education, Washington State University
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Putnam SP, Gartstein MA. Aggregate temperament scores from multiple countries: Associations with aggregate personality traits, cultural dimensions, and allelic frequency. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gartstein MA, Bogale W, Meehan CL. Adaptation of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised for use in Ethiopia: Expanding cross-cultural investigation of temperament development. Infant Behav Dev 2016; 45:51-63. [PMID: 27721055 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cross-cultural differences in temperament were evaluated for Ethiopian (N=109) and U.S. (N=109) samples of infants. We anticipated that the Sidama version of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R; Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003) developed for use in Ethiopia would demonstrate satisfactory psychometric properties, and hypothesized significant cross-cultural differences in levels of fine-grained temperament characteristics. Interactions between culture, infant age, and sex were also considered. Internal consistency was satisfactory for 13 of the 14 IBQ-R scales (with a somewhat low estimate observed for Duration of Orienting), and an examination of the structure indicated patterns similar to those observed in the US, and elsewhere. Differences between Ethiopia and the US were noted for Activity Level, Distress to Limitations, Fear, Smiling/Laughter, Falling Reactivity, Cuddliness/Affiliation, Sadness, Approach, and Vocal Reactivity. Parents of infants in the US reported higher levels of attributes associated with Surgency/Positive Affectivity (Activity, Smiling/Laughter, Approach Vocal Reactivity), whereas Ethiopian infants' scores were higher for Distress to Limitations and Fear, linked with the over-arching temperament factor of Negative Emotionality; however, US infants received higher ratings on Sadness, also associated with this factor. Higher Falling Reactivity, a regulation-related attribute, was reported for Ethiopian infants, with US babies receiving higher Cuddliness/Affiliation scores. Significant culture*age interactions were observed for Activity and Fear, along with a significant culture*age*sex interaction for Distress to Limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolayte Bogale
- Washington State University, United States; Hawassa University, Ethiopia
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17
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Differences in infant temperament between Chile and the US. Infant Behav Dev 2016; 44:208-18. [PMID: 27450101 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temperament refers to individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation and is influenced by genetic and experiential variation and maturation. Temperament reflects biologically based individual differences that emerge in early life and remain relatively stable thereafter. Given the growing interest in cultural variation in infant temperament, this study examined the temperament of 12-month-old children in Chile and the US. The aims were to validate a version of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised - Very Short Form in Spanish for Chile and to compare Chilean and US infants' temperament. For the first aim, 150 Chilean infants aged 10-15 months were assessed, and 73 US infants aged 10-15 months were examined for the second aim. The children's parents completed a demographic questionnaire and the IBQ-R-VSF, which measures three dimensions of temperament: Surgency, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. The reliability of each dimension for the Chilean sample was between 0.70 and 0.75, and significant differences between Chilean and US infants emerged. Parents of Chilean infants reported higher levels of Effortful Control, whereas US parents reported that their infants exhibited higher levels of Negative Affectivity. A relationship between parents' higher educational level and infants' higher levels of Surgency was found for both countries. No gender or age differences were observed for any of the three temperament dimensions. These results and their implications for cultural studies are discussed.
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Gartstein MA, Hookenson KV, Brain U, Devlin AM, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF. Sculpting infant soothability: the role of prenatal SSRI antidepressant exposure and neonatalSLC6A4methylation status. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:745-58. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Gartstein
- Department of Psychology; Washington State University; Pullman Washington
| | - Kaia V. Hookenson
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Ursula Brain
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Angela M. Devlin
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Ruth E. Grunau
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Tim F. Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Gartstein MA, Putnick D, Kwak K, Hahn CS, Bornstein MH. Stability of temperament in South Korean infants from 6 to 12 to 18 months: Moderation by age, gender, and birth order. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 40:103-7. [PMID: 26101164 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Putnick
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States
| | | | - Chun-Shin Hahn
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States.
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