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Gomes SIL, Zanoni I, Blosi M, Costa AL, Hristozov D, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Safe and sustainable by design Ag nanomaterials: A case study to evaluate the bio-reactivity in the environment using a soil model invertebrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171860. [PMID: 38518823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Safe-and-sustainable-by-design (SSbD) nanomaterials (NMs) or NM-containing products are a priority. Silver (Ag) NMs have a vast array of applications, including biomedical and other products, even as nanopesticides. Thus, their release to the environment is expected to increase. The aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicity of the SSbD Ag NM to the soil model species Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). The Ag NM tested consists in a SSbD Ag with biomedical applications, a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) coated Ag NMs (AgHEC) and its toxicity was compared to the naked Ag NMs (Ag-Sigma), an Ag-based biomedical product (PLLA-Ag: Poly l-Lactide microfibers doped with Ag), and AgNO3. Effects were assessed both in soil and aqueous media, following the standard OECD guideline in soil (28 days) and the OECD extension (56 days), and short-term pulse (5 days) in aqueous media: reconstituted water (ISO water) and soil:water (S:W) extracts, followed by a 21-days recovery period in soil. Ag materials were thoroughly characterized as synthesized and during the test in media and animals. Results in S:W showed AgHEC was more toxic than Ag-Sigma (ca. 150 times) and PLLA-Ag (ca. 2.5 times), associated with a higher Ag uptake. Higher toxicity was related to a smaller hydrodynamic size and higher suspension stability, which in turn resulted in a higher bioavailability of Ag NMs and released ions, particularly in S:W. Toxicity was correlated with the main physicochemical features, providing useful prediction of AgNMs bioactivity. The ability to test E. crypticus in a range of media with different and/or increasing complexity (water, S:W extracts, soil) provided an excellent source to interpret results and is here recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I L Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ilaria Zanoni
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR) - Institute of Science Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Magda Blosi
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR) - Institute of Science Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna L Costa
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR) - Institute of Science Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), Via Granolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | | | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Pantzke J, Offer S, Zimmermann EJ, Kuhn E, Streibel T, Oeder S, Di Bucchianico S, Zimmermann R. An alternative in vitro model considering cell-cell interactions in fiber-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2156008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J. Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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3
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Bacova J, Knotek P, Kopecka K, Hromadko L, Capek J, Nyvltova P, Bruckova L, Schröterova L, Sestakova B, Palarcik J, Motola M, Cizkova D, Bezrouk A, Handl J, Fiala Z, Rudolf E, Bilkova Z, Macak JM, Rousar T. Evaluating the Use of TiO 2 Nanoparticles for Toxicity Testing in Pulmonary A549 Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4211-4225. [PMID: 36124012 PMCID: PMC9482439 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s374955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, 25 nm in size of crystallites (TiO2 P25), are among the most produced nanomaterials worldwide. The broad use of TiO2 P25 in material science has implied a request to evaluate their biological effects, especially in the lungs. Hence, the pulmonary A549 cell line has been used to estimate the effects of TiO2 P25. However, the reports have provided dissimilar results on caused toxicity. Surprisingly, the physicochemical factors influencing TiO2 P25 action in biological models have not been evaluated in most reports. Thus, the objective of the present study is to characterize the preparation of TiO2 P25 for biological testing in A549 cells and to evaluate their biological effects. Methods We determined the size and crystallinity of TiO2 P25. We used four techniques for TiO2 P25 dispersion. We estimated the colloid stability of TiO2 P25 in distilled water, isotonic NaCl solution, and cell culture medium. We applied the optimal dispersion conditions for testing the biological effects of TiO2 P25 (0–100 µg.mL−1) in A549 cells using biochemical assays (dehydrogenase activity, glutathione levels) and microscopy. Results We found that the use of fetal bovine serum in culture medium is essential to maintain sufficient colloid stability of dispersed TiO2 P25. Under these conditions, TiO2 P25 were unable to induce a significant impairment of A549 cells according to the results of biochemical and microscopy evaluations. When the defined parameters for the use of TiO2 P25 in A549 cells were met, similar results on the biological effects of TiO2 P25 were obtained in two independent cell laboratories. Conclusion We optimized the experimental conditions of TiO2 P25 preparation for toxicity testing in A549 cells. The results presented here on TiO2 P25-induced cellular effects are reproducible. Therefore, our results can be helpful for other researchers using TiO2 P25 as a reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bacova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Knotek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kopecka
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Hromadko
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Nyvltova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bruckova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislava Schröterova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Sestakova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Palarcik
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Macak
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Rousar
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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4
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Xiong P, Huang X, Ye N, Lu Q, Zhang G, Peng S, Wang H, Liu Y. Cytotoxicity of Metal-Based Nanoparticles: From Mechanisms and Methods of Evaluation to Pathological Manifestations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106049. [PMID: 35343105 PMCID: PMC9165481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly important tools in tissue engineering-, drug carrier-, interventional therapy-, and biobased technologies. However, their complex and varied migration and transformation pathways, as well as their continuous accumulation in closed biological systems, cause various unpredictable toxic effects that threaten human and ecosystem health. Considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made toward understanding these cytotoxic effects, though more research on metal-based NPs integrated with clinical medicine is required. This review summarizes the mechanisms and evaluation methods of cytotoxicity and provides an in-depth analysis of the typical effects generated in the nervous, immune, reproductive, and genetic systems. In addition, the challenges and opportunities are discussed to enhance future investigations on safer metal-based NPs for practical commercial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxi Province530023P. R. China
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Shunlin Peng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Smart City and Intelligent TransportationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611700P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
- Department of BiophysicsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
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5
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Sánchez Jiménez A, Puelles R, Perez-Fernandez M, Barruetabeña L, Jacobsen NR, Suarez-Merino B, Micheletti C, Manier N, Salieri B, Hischier R, Tsekovska R, Handzhiyski Y, Bouillard J, Oudart Y, Galea KS, Kelly S, Shandilya N, Goede H, Gomez-Cordon J, Jensen KA, van Tongeren M, Apostolova MD, Llopis IR. Safe(r) by design guidelines for the nanotechnology industry. NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100385. [PMID: 35559891 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expectations for safer and sustainable chemicals and products are growing to comply with the United Nations and European strategies for sustainability. The application of Safe(r) by Design (SbD) in nanotechnology implies an iterative process where functionality, human health and safety, environmental and economic impact and cost are assessed and balanced as early as possible in the innovation process and updated at each step. The EU H2020 NanoReg2 project was the first European project to implement SbD in six companies handling and/or manufacturing nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-enabled products (NEP). The results from this experience have been used to develop these guidelines on the practical application of SbD. The SbD approach foresees the identification, estimation, and reduction of human and environmental risks as early as possible in the development of a NM or NEP, and it is based on three pillars: (i) safer NMs and NEP; (ii) safer use and end of life and (iii) safer industrial production. The presented guidelines include a set of information and tools that will help deciding at each step of the innovation process whether to continue, apply SbD measures or carry out further tests to reduce uncertainty. It does not intend to be a prescriptive protocol where all suggested steps have to be followed to achieve a SbD NM/NEP or process. Rather, the guidelines are designed to identify risks at an early state and information to be considered to identify those risks. Each company adapts the approach to its specific needs and circumstances as company decisions influence the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Puelles
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Fernandez
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Leire Barruetabeña
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Park Alle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nicolas Manier
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - Beatrice Salieri
- TEMAS AG, 8048 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Hischier
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rositsa Tsekovska
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Handzhiyski
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - Yohan Oudart
- Nanomakers, 1 Rue de Clairefontaine, 78 120 Rambouillet, France
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sean Kelly
- Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA), Avenue Tervueren 143, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Henk Goede
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Gomez-Cordon
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Park Alle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL,UK
| | - Margarita D Apostolova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Isabel Rodríguez Llopis
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
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6
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Gu M, Wang S, Cao W, Yan D, Cao Y. Comparison of P25 and nanobelts on Kruppel-like factor-mediated nitric oxide pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:651-659. [PMID: 34633093 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) materials activated endothelial cells via Kruppel-like factor (KLF)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction, but the roles of physical properties of materials are not clear. In this study, we prepared nanobelts from P25 particles and compared their adverse effects to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TiO2 nanobelts had belt-like morphology but comparable surface areas as P25 particles. When applied to HUVECs, P25 particles or nanobelts did not induce cytotoxicity, although nanobelts were much more effective to increase intracellular Ti element concentrations compared the same amounts of P25 particles. Only nanobelts significantly induced THP-1 adhesion onto HUVECs. Consistently, nanobelts were more significant to induce the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and the release of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), indicating that nanobelts were more potent to induce endothelial activation in vitro. As the mechanisms for endothelial activation, both P25 and nanobelts reduced the generation of intracellular NO as well as the expression of NO regulators KLF2 and KLF4. Combined, the results from this study indicated that the different morphologies of P25 particles and nanobelts only changed their internalization into HUVECs but showed minimal impact on KLF-mediated NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Gu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wandi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dejian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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7
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Lovén K, Franzén SM, Isaxon C, Messing ME, Martinsson J, Gudmundsson A, Pagels J, Hedmer M. Emissions and exposures of graphene nanomaterials, titanium dioxide nanofibers, and nanoparticles during down-stream industrial handling. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:736-752. [PMID: 32546827 PMCID: PMC8263341 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Today, engineered nanomaterials are frequently used. Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively used for many years and graphene is one type of emerging nanomaterial. Occupational airborne exposures to engineered nanomaterials are important to ensure safe workplaces and to extend the information needed for complete risk assessments. The main aim of this study was to characterize workplace emissions and exposure of graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) and nanoparticles (NPs) during down-stream industrial handling. Surface contaminations were also investigated to assess the potential for secondary inhalation exposures. In addition, a range of different sampling and aerosol monitoring methods were used and evaluated. The results showed that powder handling, regardless of handling graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, TiO2 NFs, or NPs, contributes to the highest particle emissions and exposures. However, the exposure levels were below suggested occupational exposure limits. It was also shown that a range of different methods can be used to selectively detect and quantify nanomaterials both in the air and as surface contaminations. However, to be able to make an accurate determination of which nanomaterial that has been emitted a combination of different methods, both offline and online, must be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lovén
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sara M Franzén
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Isaxon
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E Messing
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Martinsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-22100, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedmer
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Wu J, Yu Q, Bosker T, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Quantifying the relative contribution of particulate versus dissolved silver to toxicity and uptake kinetics of silver nanowires in lettuce: impact of size and coating. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1399-1414. [PMID: 33074765 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1831639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized high-aspect-ratio silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been recognized as one of the most promising alternatives for fabricating products, with their use ranging from electronic devices to biomedical fields. Given concerns on the safety of AgNWs, there is an urgent need to investigate the relation between intrinsic properties of AgNWs and their toxicity. In this study, lettuce was exposed for either 6 or 18 d to different AgNWs to determine how the size/aspect ratio and coating of AgNWs affect the contributions of the dissolved and particulate Ag to the overall phytotoxicity and uptake kinetics. We found that the uncoated AgNW (39 nm diameter × 8.4 µm length) dissolved fastest of all AgNWs investigated. The phytotoxicity, uptake rate constants, and bioaccumulation factors of the PVP-coated AgNW (43 nm diameter × 1.8 µm length) and the uncoated AgNW (39 nm diameter × 8.4 µm length) were similar, and both were higher than that of the PVP-coated AgNW with the larger diameter(65 nm diameter × 4.4 µm length). These results showed that the diameter of the AgNWs predominantly affected toxicity and Ag accumulation in plants. Particulate Ag was found to be the predominant driver/descriptor of overall toxicity and Ag accumulation in the plants rather than dissolved Ag for all AgNWs tested. The relative contribution of dissolved versus particulate Ag to the overall effects was influenced by the exposure concentration and the extent of dissolution of AgNWs. This work highlights inherent particulate-dependent effects of AgNWs in plants and suggests that toxicokinetics should explicitly be considered for more nanomaterials and organisms, consequently providing more realistic input information for their environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Yu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University College, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Evaluation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activating Effects of a Large Panel of TiO 2 Nanomaterials in Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091876. [PMID: 32961672 PMCID: PMC7558067 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanomaterials are among the most commonly produced and used engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in the world. There is controversy regarding their ability to induce inflammation-mediated lung injuries following inhalation exposure. Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and subsequent release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in pulmonary macrophages has been postulated as an essential pathway for the inflammatory and associated tissue-remodeling effects of toxic particles. Our study aim was to determine and rank the IL-1β activating properties of TiO2 NMs by comparing a large panel of different samples against each other as well as against fine TiO2, synthetic amorphous silica and crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz). Effects were evaluated in primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from NALP3-deficient and proficient mice as well as in the rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383. Our results show that specific TiO2 NMs can activate the inflammasome in macrophages albeit with a markedly lower potency than amorphous SiO2 and quartz. The heterogeneity in IL-1β release observed in our study among 19 different TiO2 NMs underscores the relevance of case-by-case evaluation of nanomaterials of similar chemical composition. Our findings also further promote the NR8383 cell line as a promising in vitro tool for the assessment of the inflammatory and inflammasome activating properties of NMs.
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