1
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Elsayad KA, Elmasry GF, Mahmoud ST, Awadallah FM. Sulfonamides as anticancer agents: A brief review on sulfonamide derivatives as inhibitors of various proteins overexpressed in cancer. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107409. [PMID: 38714116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonamides have gained prominence as versatile agents in cancer therapy, effectively targeting a spectrum of cancer-associated enzymes. This review provides an extensive exploration of their multifaceted roles in cancer biology. Sulfonamides exhibit adaptability by acting as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, disrupting pivotal signaling pathways in cancer progression. Moreover, they disrupt pH regulation mechanisms in cancer cells as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, inhibiting growth, and survival. Sulfonamides also serve as aromatase inhibitors, interfering with estrogen synthesis in hormone-driven cancers. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases presents an opportunity to impede cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Additionally, their emerging role as histone deacetylase inhibitors offers promising prospects in epigenetic-based cancer therapies. These diverse roles underscore sulfonamides as invaluable tools for innovative anti-cancer treatments, warranting further exploration for enhanced clinical applications and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Elsayad
- Pharmacy Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, 11662, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sally T Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fadi M Awadallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Pang C, Zhao J, Zhang S, Chen J, Zeng X, Li H. Design, synthesis, and biological antitumor evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129824. [PMID: 38823729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, as a public health issue, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives have effective biological activities and can be used as potential therapeutic agents for antitumor drugs. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds and evaluated their antitumor activity in vitro on several representative human cancer cell lines. The results showed that the vast majority of compounds showed good inhibitory activities against the cancer cell lines of HCT116, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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3
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Salvatti BA, Chagas MA, Fernandes PO, Ladeira YFX, Bozzi AS, Valadares VS, Valente AP, de Miranda AS, Rocha WR, Maltarollo VG, Moraes AH. Understanding the Enzyme ( S)-Norcoclaurine Synthase Promiscuity to Aldehydes and Ketones. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 38776464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The (S)-norcoclaurine synthase from Thalictrum flavum (TfNCS) stereoselectively catalyzes the Pictet-Spengler reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde to give (S)-norcoclaurine. TfNCS can catalyze the Pictet-Spengler reaction with various aldehydes and ketones, leading to diverse tetrahydroisoquinolines. This substrate promiscuity positions TfNCS as a highly promising enzyme for synthesizing fine chemicals. Understanding carbonyl-containing substrates' structural and electronic signatures that influence TfNCS activity can help expand its applications in the synthesis of different compounds and aid in protein optimization strategies. In this study, we investigated the influence of the molecular properties of aldehydes and ketones on their reactivity in the TfNCS-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction. Initially, we compiled a library of reactive and unreactive compounds from previous publications. We also performed enzymatic assays using nuclear magnetic resonance to identify some reactive and unreactive carbonyl compounds, which were then included in the library. Subsequently, we employed QSAR and DFT calculations to establish correlations between substrate-candidate structures and reactivity. Our findings highlight correlations of structural and stereoelectronic features, including the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group, to the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones toward the TfNCS-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction. Interestingly, experimental data of seven compounds out of fifty-three did not correlate with the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group. For these seven compounds, we identified unfavorable interactions between them and the TfNCS. Our results demonstrate the applications of in silico techniques in understanding enzyme promiscuity and specificity, with a particular emphasis on machine learning methodologies, DFT electronic structure calculations, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno A Salvatti
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Chagas
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, João Monlevade, Minas Gerais 35930-314, Brazil
| | - Phillipe O Fernandes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yan F X Ladeira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline S Bozzi
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Veronica S Valadares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Willian R Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vinicius G Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adolfo H Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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4
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Soro DM, Roque JB, Rackl JW, Park B, Payer S, Shi Y, Ruble JC, Kaledin AL, Baik MH, Musaev DG, Sarpong R. Photo- and Metal-Mediated Deconstructive Approaches to Cyclic Aliphatic Amine Diversification. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11245-11257. [PMID: 37171220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Described herein are studies toward the core modification of cyclic aliphatic amines using either a riboflavin/photo-irradiation approach or Cu(I) and Ag(I) to mediate the process. Structural remodeling of cyclic amines is explored through oxidative C-N and C-C bond cleavage using peroxydisulfate (persulfate) as an oxidant. Ring-opening reactions to access linear aldehydes or carboxylic acids with flavin-derived photocatalysis or Cu salts, respectively, are demonstrated. A complementary ring-opening process mediated by Ag(I) facilitates decarboxylative Csp3-Csp2 coupling in Minisci-type reactions through a key alkyl radical intermediate. Heterocycle interconversion is demonstrated through the transformation of N-acyl cyclic amines to oxazines using Cu(II) oxidation of the alkyl radical. These transformations are investigated by computation to inform the proposed mechanistic pathways. Computational studies indicate that persulfate mediates oxidation of cyclic amines with concomitant reduction of riboflavin. Persulfate is subsequently reduced by formal hydride transfer from the reduced riboflavin catalyst. Oxidation of the cyclic aliphatic amines with a Cu(I) salt is proposed to be initiated by homolysis of the peroxy bond of persulfate followed by α-HAT from the cyclic amine and radical recombination to form an α-sulfate adduct, which is hydrolyzed to the hemiaminal. Investigation of the pathway to form oxazines indicates a kinetic preference for cyclization over more typical elimination pathways to form olefins through Cu(II) oxidation of alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Soro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jose B Roque
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonas W Rackl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Stefan Payer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuan Shi
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - J Craig Ruble
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Alexey L Kaledin
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Liu M, Liu J, Li J, Zhao Z, Zhou K, Li Y, He P, Wu J, Bao Z, Yang Q, Yang Y, Ren Q, Zhang Z. Blending Aryl Ketone in Covalent Organic Frameworks to Promote Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9198-9206. [PMID: 37125453 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aryl-ketone derivatives have been acknowledged as promising organic photocatalysts for photosynthesis. However, they are limited by their photostability and have been less explored for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) applications. Herein we demonstrate a novel strategy to cover the shortage of aryl-ketone photocatalysts and control the photoreactivity by implanting symmetric aryl ketones into the conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs). To prove the concept, three comparative materials with the same topology and varied electronic structures were built, adopting truxenone knot and functionalized terephthalaldehyde linkers. Spectroscopic investigation and excited carrier dynamics analysis disclosed improvements in the photostability and electronic transfer efficiency as well as the structure-performance relationships toward N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinoline oxidation. This system provides a robust rule of thumb for designing new-generation aryl-ketone photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Junnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Peipei He
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Jiashu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Zongbi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
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6
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Yun YJ, Kim SG. Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydropyrazolo[5,1- a]isoquinolines through Tandem Reaction of C, N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093710. [PMID: 37175118 PMCID: PMC10180063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An innovative and efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines. This one-pot tandem reaction involves the reaction of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with α,β-unsaturated ketones, using K2CO3 as the base and DDQ as the oxidant. The process results in functionalized 5,6-dihydropyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines with good yields. This convenient one-step method encompasses a tandem [3 + 2]-cycloaddition, detosylation, and oxidative aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chrzanowska M, Grajewska A, Rozwadowska MD. Diastereoselective Synthesis of (–)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic Acid via Morpholinone Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073200. [PMID: 37049962 PMCID: PMC10095930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and convenient synthesis of (–)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid is described, applying a combination of two synthetic methods: the Petasis reaction and Pomeranz–Fritsch–Bobbitt cyclization. The diastereomeric morpholinone derivative N-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,4-oxazin-2-one formed in the Petasis reaction was further transformed into 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid via Pomeranz–Fritsch–Bobbitt cyclization, a classical method of synthesis leading to the tetrahydroisoquinoline core. We review important examples of applications of the Pomeranz–Fritsch process and its modifications in the synthesis of chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives that have been published in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grajewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria D. Rozwadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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8
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Zaitseva S, Prescimone A, Köhler V. Enantioselective Allylation of Stereogenic Nitrogen Centers. Org Lett 2023; 25:1649-1654. [PMID: 36881477 PMCID: PMC10028698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Most tertiary amines with a stereogenic nitrogen center undergo rapid racemization at room temperature. Consequently, the quaternization of amines under dynamic kinetic resolution seems feasible. N-Methyl tetrahydroisoquinolines are converted into configurationally stable ammonium ions by Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation. The optimization of conditions and the evaluation of the substrate scope enabled high conversions and an enantiomeric ratio of up to 10:90. We report here the first examples for the enantioselective catalytic synthesis of chiral ammonium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snizhana Zaitseva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Adon T, Shanmugarajan D, Ather H, Ansari SMA, Hani U, Madhunapantula SV, Honnavalli YK. Virtual Screening for Identification of Dual Inhibitors against CDK4/6 and Aromatase Enzyme. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062490. [PMID: 36985460 PMCID: PMC10058413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 and aromatase are prominent targets for breast cancer drug discovery and are involved in abnormal cell proliferation and growth. Although aromatase inhibitors have proven to be effective (for example exemestane, anastrozole, letrozole), resistance to treatment eventually occurs through the activation of alternative signaling pathways, thus evading the antiproliferative effects of aromatase inhibitors. One of the evasion pathways is Cylin D-CDK4/6-Rb signaling that promotes tumor proliferation and resistance to aromatase inhibitors. There is significant evidence that the sequential inhibition of both proteins provides therapeutic benefits over the inhibition of one target. The basis of this study objective is the identification of molecules that are likely to inhibit both CDK4/6 and aromatase by computational chemistry techniques, which need further biochemical studies to confirm. Initially, a structure-based pharmacophore model was constructed for each target to screen the sc-PDB database. Consequently, pharmacophore screening and molecular docking were performed to evaluate the potential lead candidates that effectively mapped both of the target pharmacophore models. Considering abemaciclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) and exemestane (aromatase inhibitor) as reference drugs, four potential virtual hit candidates (1, 2, 3, and 4) were selected based on their fit values and binding interaction after screening a sc-PDB database. Further, molecular dynamics simulation studies solidify the stability of the lead candidate complexes. In addition, ADMET and DFT calculations bolster the lead candidates. Hence, these combined computational approaches will provide a better therapeutic potential for developing CDK4/6-aromatase dual inhibitors for HR+ breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Adon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhivya Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Hissana Ather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogish Kumar Honnavalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
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10
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Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Roddan R, Carter EM, Hailes HC, Ward JM. The Discovery of Imine Reductases and their Utilisation for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines. ChemCatChem 2023; 15:e202201126. [PMID: 37081856 PMCID: PMC10107726 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) are NADPH-dependent enzymes with significant biocatalytic potential for the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary chiral amines. Their applications include the reduction of cyclic imines and the reductive amination of prochiral ketones. In this study, twenty-nine novel IREDs were revealed through genome mining. Imine reductase activities were screened at pH 7 and 9 and in presence of either NADPH or NADH; some IREDs showed good activities at both pHs and were able to accept both cofactors. IREDs with Asn and Glu at the key 187 residue showed preference for NADH. IREDs were also screened against a series of dihydroisoquinolines to synthesise tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs), bioactive alkaloids with a wide range of therapeutic properties. Selected IREDs showed high stereoselectivity, as well high THIQ yields (>90 %) when coupled to a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for NADPH cofactor recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
- School of Biosciences University of Kent K ent CT2 7NJ UK
| | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Eve M. Carter
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
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11
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Azamatov AA, Zhurakulov SN, Vinogradova VI, Tursunkhodzhaeva F, Khinkar RM, Malatani RT, Aldurdunji MM, Tiezzi A, Mamadalieva NZ. Evaluation of the Local Anesthetic Activity, Acute Toxicity, and Structure-Toxicity Relationship in Series of Synthesized 1-Aryltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloid Derivatives In Vivo and In Silico. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020477. [PMID: 36677539 PMCID: PMC9864514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids constitute one of the most common classes of alkaloids that have shown a pronounced role in curing various diseases. Finding ways to reduce the toxicity of these molecules and to increase their therapeutic margin is an urgent matter. Here, a one-step method for the synthesis of a series of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was performed in 85-98% yield by the Pictet-Spengler reaction. This was accomplished using the reaction between 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine and substituted benzaldehydes boiling in trifluoroacetic acid. Furthermore, 1-(3'-amino-, 4'-aminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines were obtained in 94% and 97% yield by reduction in 1-(3'-nitro-, 4'-nitrophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with SnCl2 × 2H2O. The structures of the substances obtained were confirmed by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectra. ADMET/TOPKAT in silico study concluded that the synthesized compounds exhibited acceptable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties without carcinogenic or mutagenic potential but with variable hepatotoxicity. The acute toxicity and structure-toxicity relationship (STR) in the series of 20 derivatives of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (3a-r, 4a, b) was studied via determination of acute toxicity and resorptive action in white mice employing intragastric step-by-step administration. The first compound, 1-phenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3a), showed the highest toxicity with LD50 of 280 mg/kg in contrast to 1-(3'-bromo -4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3e) which proved to be the safest of the compounds studied. Its toxicity was 13.75 times lower than that of the parent compound 3a. All compounds investigated showed high local anesthetic activity on rabbit eyes in the concentrations studied. Only 3r, 3n, and 4a caused eye irritation and redness. All investigated derivatives (except 4b) in 1% concentration were more active than lidocaine, providing longer duration of complete anesthesia. Therefore, based on the obtained results of in silico tests, local anesthesia, and acute toxicity, a conclusion can be drawn that the experimental compounds need further extensive future investigations and possible modifications so that they can act as promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizbek A. Azamatov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Sherzod N. Zhurakulov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan Named after Mirzo Ulugbek, University Str. 4, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Valentina I. Vinogradova
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Firuza Tursunkhodzhaeva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Roaa M. Khinkar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania T. Malatani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Aldurdunji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Tiezzi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence:
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Weber D, de Souza Bastos L, Winkler M, Ni Y, Aliev AE, Hailes HC, Rother D. Multi-enzyme catalysed processes using purified and whole-cell biocatalysts towards a 1,3,4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline †‡. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10097-10109. [PMID: 37006360 PMCID: PMC10053099 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, two multi-enzyme catalysed processes to access a 1,3,4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), using either purified enzymes or lyophilised whole-cell catalysts, are presented. A key focus was the first step in which the reduction of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-OH-BZ) into 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-OH-BA) was catalysed by a carboxylate reductase (CAR) enzyme. Incorporation of the CAR-catalysed step enables substituted benzoic acids as the aromatic components, which can potentially be obtained from renewable resources by microbial cell factories. In this reduction, the implementation of an efficient cofactor regeneration system of both ATP and NADPH was crucial. Two different recycling approaches, either using purified enzymes or lyophilised whole-cells, were established and compared. Both of them showed high conversions of the acid into 3-OH-BA (>80%). However, the whole-cell system showed superior performance because it allowed the combination of the first and second steps into a one-pot cascade with excellent HPLC yields (>99%, enantiomeric excess (ee) ≥ 95%) producing the intermediate 3-hydroxyphenylacetylcarbinol. Moreover, enhanced substrate loads could be achieved compared to the system employing only purified enzymes. The third and fourth steps were performed in a sequential mode to avoid cross-reactivities and the formation of several side products. Thus, (1R,2S)-metaraminol could be formed with high HPLC yields (>90%, isomeric content (ic) ≥ 95%) applying either purified or whole-cell transaminases from Bacillus megaterium (BmTA) or Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv2025). Finally, the cyclisation step was performed using either a purified or lyophilised whole-cell norcoclaurine synthase variant from Thalictrum flavum (ΔTfNCS-A79I), leading to the formation of the target THIQ product with high HPLC yields (>90%, ic > 90%). As many of the educts applied are from renewable resources and a complex product with three chiral centers can be gained by only four highly selective steps, a very step- and atom efficient approach to stereoisomerically pure THIQ is shown. In this work, two multi-enzyme catalysed processes to access a 1,3,4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), using either purified enzymes or lyophilised whole-cell catalysts, are presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Weber
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH52425 JuelichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 152062 AachenGermany
| | - Lucas de Souza Bastos
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH52425 JuelichGermany
| | - Margit Winkler
- acib GmbHKrenngasse 37A-8010 GrazAustria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010 GrazAustria
| | - Yeke Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Abil E. Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Doerte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH52425 JuelichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 152062 AachenGermany
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Tetrahydroquinoline: an efficient scaffold as mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of lung cancer. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1789-1809. [PMID: 36538021 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to find an efficient scaffold (and its substitution) that can be used for the treatment of lung cancer via mTOR inhibition. A detailed literature search was carried out for previously reported mTOR inhibitors. The present review is focused on lung cancer; therefore, descriptions of some mTOR inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer are provided. Based on previous research findings, tetrahydroquinoline was found to be the most efficient scaffold to be explored for the treatment of lung cancer. A possible efficient substitution of the tetrahydroquinoline scaffold could also be beneficial for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Kaur P, Sharma P, Kumar V, Sahal D, Kumar R. Chitosan-supported FeCl3 catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-indole hybrids with promising activity against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang W, Xuan B, Li X, Si H, Chen A. Therapeutic potential of 1,2,3-triazole hybrids for leukemia treatment. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200106. [PMID: 35532286 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia, a hematological malignancy originating from the bone marrow, is the principal cancer of childhood. In recent decades, improved remission rates and survival of patients with leukemia have been achieved due to significant breakthroughs in the treatment. However, chemoresistance and relapse are common, creating an urgent need for the search for novel pharmaceutical interventions. 1,2,3-Triazole is one of the most fascinating pharmacophores in the discovery of new drugs, and several 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have already been used in clinics or are under clinical evaluation for the treatment of cancers. In particular, 1,2,3-triazole hybrids could suppress tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting enzymes, proteins, and receptors in cancer cells, revealing their potential as putative antileukemic agents. This review covers the recent advances regarding the 1,2,3-triazole hybrids with potential antileukemic activity, focusing on the chemical structures, structure-activity relationship, and mechanisms of action, covering articles published from January 2017 to January 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bixia Xuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Emergency Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
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