1
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Liu Z, Fang S, Li H, Xiao C, Xiao K, Su Z, Wang T. Organocatalytic skeletal reorganization for enantioselective synthesis of S-stereogenic sulfinamides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4348. [PMID: 38777853 PMCID: PMC11111665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of S-stereogenic sulfinamides has garnered considerable attention due to their structural and physicochemical properties. However, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of sulfinamides still remains daunting challenges, impeding their broad application in drug discovery and development. Here, we present an approach for the synthesis of S-stereogenic sulfinamides through peptide-mimic phosphonium salt-catalyzed asymmetric skeletal reorganization of simple prochiral and/or racemic sulfoximines. This methodology allows for the facile access to a diverse array of substituted sulfinamides with excellent enantioselectivities, accommodating various substituent patterns through desymmetrization or parallel kinetic resolution process. Mechanistic experiments, coupled with density functional theory calculations, clarify a stepwise pathway involving ring-opening and ring-closing processes, with the ring-opening step identified as crucial for achieving stereoselective control. Given the prevalence of S-stereogenic centers in pharmaceuticals, we anticipate that this protocol will enhance the efficient and precise synthesis of relevant chiral molecules and their analogs, thereby contributing to advancements in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Siqiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Haoze Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiu Xiao
- Precision Medicine Research Center & Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Precision Medicine Research Center & Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
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2
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Periasamy K, van Bonn P, Orloff RT, Völcker N, Lu Q, Rissanen K, Bolm C. Synthesis of Benzo[ e][1,4,3]oxathiazin-3-one 1-Oxides from NH- S-(2-Hydroxyaryl)sulfoximines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38743919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyclizations of NH-S-(2-hydroxyaryl)sulfoximines with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazol (CDI) give unprecedented benzo[e][1,4,3]oxathiazin-3-one 1-oxides in good yields. The standard synthetic protocol involves the use of DCE at an increased temperature for 16 h. Under mechanochemical conditions, a representative product was obtained without a solvent at ambient temperature in only 60 min. X-ray single-crystal structure analysis confirmed the molecular scaffold representing a three-dimensional heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Periasamy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pit van Bonn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nils Völcker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiulan Lu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Survontie 9 B, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Das S, Mondal PP, Dhibar A, Ruth A, Sahoo B. Unifying N-Sulfinylamines with Alkyltrifluoroborates by Organophotoredox Catalysis: Access to Functionalized Alkylsulfinamides and High-Valent S(VI) Analogues. Org Lett 2024; 26:3679-3684. [PMID: 38647677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We describe an organophotoredox-catalyzed sp3 C-S coupling of N-sulfinylamines with bench-stable alkyltrifluoroborates as a latent nucleophilic counterpart en route to alkylsulfinamides in high efficiency. In contrast to the two-electron reactivity of traditional organometallic reagents, this catalytic method reports the single-electron process of an organometallic reagent with N-sulfinylamines in C-S coupling. This mild and scalable protocol offers operational simplicity and exceptional functional group compatibility, including ketone, ester, amide, nitrile, and halides, that is vulnerable to organolithium or Grignard reagents. Additionally, the sulfinamides are conveniently converted to a variety of important S(VI) compounds, like sulfonamides, sulfonimidamides, and sulfonimidates, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Amit Dhibar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Aan Ruth
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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4
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Haas BC, Lim NK, Jermaks J, Gaster E, Guo MC, Malig TC, Werth J, Zhang H, Toste FD, Gosselin F, Miller SJ, Sigman MS. Enantioselective Sulfonimidamide Acylation via a Cinchona Alkaloid-Catalyzed Desymmetrization: Scope, Data Science, and Mechanistic Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8536-8546. [PMID: 38480482 PMCID: PMC10990064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Methods to access chiral sulfur(VI) pharmacophores are of interest in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. We report the desymmetrization of unprotected sulfonimidamides via asymmetric acylation with a cinchona-phosphinate catalyst. The desired products are formed in excellent yield and enantioselectivity with no observed bis-acylation. A data-science-driven approach to substrate scope evaluation was coupled to high throughput experimentation (HTE) to facilitate statistical modeling in order to inform mechanistic studies. Reaction kinetics, catalyst structural studies, and density functional theory (DFT) transition state analysis elucidated the turnover-limiting step to be the collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate and provided key insights into the catalyst-substrate structure-activity relationships responsible for the origin of the enantioselectivity. This study offers a reliable method for accessing enantioenriched sulfonimidamides to propel their application as pharmacophores and serves as an example of the mechanistic insight that can be gleaned from integrating data science and traditional physical organic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Haas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Janis Jermaks
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eden Gaster
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Melody C Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Thomas C Malig
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob Werth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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5
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Gunasekera S, Pryyma A, Jung J, Greenwood R, Patrick BO, Perrin DM. Diphenylphosphinylhydroxylamine (DPPH) Affords Late-Stage S-imination to access free-NH Sulfilimines and Sulfoximines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314906. [PMID: 38289976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Sulfilimines, as potential aza-isosteres of sulfoxides, are valued as building blocks, auxiliaries, ligands, bioconjugation handles, and as precursors to versatile S(VI) scaffolds including sulfoximines and sulfondiimines. Here, we report a thioether imination methodology that exploits O-(diphenylphosphinyl)hydroxyl amine (DPPH). Under mild, metal-free, and biomolecule-compatible conditions, DPPH enables late-stage S-imination on peptides, natural products, and a clinically trialled drug, and shows both excellent chemoselectivity and broad functional group tolerance. This methodological report is extended to an efficient and high-yielding one-pot reaction for accessing free-NH sulfoximines with diverse substrates including ones of potential clinical importance. In the presence of a rhodium catalyst, sulfoxides are S-iminated in higher yields to afford free-NH sulfoximines. S-imination was validated on an oxidatively delicate amatoxin to give sulfilimine and sulfoximine congeners. Interestingly, these new sulfilimine and sulfoximine-amatoxins show cytotoxicity. This method is further extended to create sulfilimine and sulfoximine-Fulvestrant and buthionine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanal Gunasekera
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Alla Pryyma
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Jimin Jung
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Rebekah Greenwood
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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6
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Wang BC, Hu F, Bai J, Xiong FY, Chen P, Li J, Tan Y, Guo YL, Xiao WJ, Lu LQ. Synthesis of S(IV)-Stereogenic Chiral Thio-Oxazolidinones via Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2] Annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319728. [PMID: 38285535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules bearing chiral sulfur stereocenters exert a great impact on asymmetric catalysis and synthesis, chiral drugs, and chiral materials. Compared with acyclic ones, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of thio-heterocycles has largely lagged behind due to the lack of efficient synthetic strategies. Here we establish the first modular platform to access chiral thio-oxazolidinones via Pd-catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] annulations of vinylethylene carbonates with sulfinylanilines. This protocol is featured by readily available starting materials, and high enantio- and diastereoselectivity. In particular, an unusual effect of a non-chiral supporting ligand on the diastereoselectivity was observed. Possible reaction mechanisms and stereocontrol models were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Cheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Fang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Ya Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Li
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430082, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
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7
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Gigant N, Kayal S, Drège E, Joseph D. Metal-free synthesis of γ-ketosulfones through Brønsted acid-promoted conjugate addition of sulfinamides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4623-4631. [PMID: 38318627 PMCID: PMC10839551 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and general metal-free method has been developed to add sufinamide-derived sulfone units on Michael acceptors under mild conditions. This reaction enables the preparation of a large variety of original γ-ketosulfones, of which only a few synthetic methods have been reported. The mild reaction conditions used tolerate a wide diversity of functional groups and empower the implementation of a late-stage functionalisation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gigant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 91400 Orsay France
| | - Sami Kayal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 91400 Orsay France
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8
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Huang G, Ye J, Tan M, Chen Y, Lu X. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic S-Amination of Sulfenamides for the Synthesis of Sulfinamidines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16116-16121. [PMID: 37982347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a copper-catalyzed oxidative amination of sulfenamides for the synthesis of sulfinamidines. By the employment of air as the terminal oxidant, a diverse array of secondary and primary amines can be efficiently transformed into their corresponding products. This method is well-suited for last-stage functionalization, and the underlying mechanism has been investigated. The transformation is characterized by exceptional chemoselectivity, mild conditions, facile operation, and broad substrate compatibility, which have significant implications for the fields of pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Huang
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Ye
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Minxi Tan
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Xunbo Lu
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
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9
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Andresini M, Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Overlooked aza-S(IV) motifs: synthesis and transformations of sulfinamidines and sulfinimidate esters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7681-7690. [PMID: 37725053 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in the synthesis of overlooked aza-S(IV) motifs. The accessibility of sulfinamidines and sulfinimidate esters has greatly improved through the recent development of efficient and complementary synthetic strategies. Intriguingly, new discoveries have emerged regarding the reactivity of these substances, highlighting the electrophilic nature of sulfinimidate esters and the nucleophilic character of sulfinamidines. Moreover, sulfinamidines have been found to be prone to oxidation, leading to the formation of important aza-S(VI) derivatives. In this review, our aim is to present an almost comprehensive overview of the most relevant achievements in the preparation and structural characterization of these overlooked compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E., Orabona 4-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Colella
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E., Orabona 4-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E., Orabona 4-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Renzo Luisi
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E., Orabona 4-70125 Bari, Italy.
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10
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Andrews J, Kalepu J, Palmer CF, Poole DL, Christensen KE, Willis MC. Photocatalytic Carboxylate to Sulfinamide Switching Delivers a Divergent Synthesis of Sulfonamides and Sulfonimidamides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21623-21629. [PMID: 37738304 PMCID: PMC10557147 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
sulfinamides, sulfonamides, and sulfonimidamides are in-demand motifs in medicinal chemistry, yet methods for the synthesis of alkyl variants that start from simple, readily available feedstocks are scarce. In addition, bespoke syntheses of each class of molecules are usually needed. In this report, we detail the synthesis of these three distinct sulfur functional groups, using readily available and structurally diverse alkyl carboxylic acids as the starting materials. The method harnesses alkyl radical generation from carboxylic acids using acridine photocatalysts and 400 nm light with subsequent radical addition to sulfinylamine reagents, delivering sulfinamide products. Using the N-alkoxy sulfinylamine reagent t-BuO-NSO as the radical trap provides common N-alkoxy sulfinamide intermediates, which can be converted in a divergent manner to either sulfonamides or sulfonimidamides, by treatment with sodium hydroxide, or an amine, respectively. The reactions are scalable, tolerate a broad range of functional groups, and can be used for the diversification of complex biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
A. Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jagadeesh Kalepu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | | | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | | | - Michael C. Willis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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11
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Liang DD, Lional N, Scheepmaker B, Subramaniam M, Li G, Miloserdov FM, Zuilhof H. Enantiospecific Synthesis of Aniline-Derived Sulfonimidamides. Org Lett 2023; 25:5666-5670. [PMID: 37490052 PMCID: PMC10407922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of sulfonimidoyl fluorides with anilines and Ca(NTf2)2 results in the formation of chiral sulfonimidamides. The reaction proceeds with inversion of the stereocenter at a sulfur atom. Enantiospecificity of the reaction was observed for all studied non-heterocyclic anilines. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies highlight chelate-type coordination of the sulfonimidoyl group to Ca(NTf2)2 and the formation of a SN2-like transition state, in which leaving F- coordinates with the Ca2+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Liang
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Natassa Lional
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Scheepmaker
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Muthusamy Subramaniam
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guanna Li
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Biobased
Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fedor M. Miloserdov
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institute
for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science
& Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Greenwood NS, Ellman JA. Sulfur-Arylation of Sulfenamides via Ullmann-Type Coupling with (Hetero)aryl Iodides. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37338140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-(hetero)arylation of sulfenamides with commercially abundant (hetero)aryl iodides by Ullmann-type coupling with inexpensive copper(I) iodide as the catalyst is reported. A broad scope of reaction inputs was demonstrated, including both aryl and alkyl sulfenamides and highly sterically hindered aryl and 5- and 6-membered ring heteroaryl iodides. Relevant to many bioactive high oxidation state sulfur compounds, the (hetero)arylation of S-methyl sulfenamides is reported, including for complex aryl iodides. Smiles rearrangement of electron-deficient S-heteroaryl sulfilimines is also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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13
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Champlin AT, Ellman JA. Preparation of Sulfilimines by Sulfur-Alkylation of N-Acyl Sulfenamides with Alkyl Halides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:7607-7614. [PMID: 37221855 PMCID: PMC10257216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur alkylation of N-acyl sulfenamides with alkyl halides provides sulfilimines in 47% to 98% yields. A broad scope was established with a variety of aryl and alkyl sulfenamides, including for different N-acyl groups. Alkyl halides with different steric and electronic properties were effective inputs, including methyl, primary, secondary, benzyl, and propargyl halides. A proof-of-concept asymmetric phase-transfer alkylation was also demonstrated. A sulfilimine product was readily converted to an N-acyl and to a free sulfoximine, which represent important motifs in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Champlin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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14
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Wang Z, Wang W, Li HB. Tuning of the Electrostatic Potentials on the Surface of the Sulfur Atom in Organic Molecules: Theoretical Design and Experimental Assessment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093919. [PMID: 37175329 PMCID: PMC10180200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncovalent sulfur interactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in medicinal chemistry and organic optoelectronic materials. Quantum chemical calculations predicted that the electrostatic potentials on the surface of the sulfur atom in organic molecules could be tuned through the through-space effects of suitable substituents. This makes it possible to design different types of noncovalent sulfur interactions. The theoretical design was further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic experiments. The sulfur atom acts as the halogen atom acceptor to form the halogen bond in the cocrystal between 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, whereas it acts as the chalcogen atom donor to form the chalcogen bond in the cocrystal between 2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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15
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Greenwood NS, Ellman JA. Sulfur-Arylation of Sulfenamides via Chan-Lam Coupling with Boronic Acids: Access to High Oxidation State Sulfur Pharmacophores. Org Lett 2023; 25:2830-2834. [PMID: 37042652 PMCID: PMC10163624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-arylation of sulfenamides is reported. This reaction proceeds via a Chan-Lam-type coupling with commercially abundant boronic acids to give sulfilimines. A broad scope was established with a variety of readily accessible aryl and alkyl sulfenamide and boronic acid inputs. Synthetic utility and functional group compatibility were further demonstrated through the direct late-stage introduction of sulfilimines into approved drugs. Derivatization of the sulfilimine products provided access to medicinally relevant sulfoximines and sulfondiimines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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16
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Zhang X, Wang F, Tan CH. Asymmetric Synthesis of S(IV) and S(VI) Stereogenic Centers. JACS AU 2023; 3:700-714. [PMID: 37006767 PMCID: PMC10052288 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur can form diverse S(IV) and S(VI) stereogenic centers, of which some have gained significant attention recently due to their increasing use as pharmacophores in drug discovery programs. The preparation of these sulfur stereogenic centers in their enantiopure form has been challenging, and progress made will be discussed in this Perspective. This Perspective summarizes different strategies, with selected works, for asymmetric synthesis of these moieties, including diastereoselective transformations using chiral auxiliaries, enantiospecific transformations of enantiopure sulfur compounds, and catalytic enantioselective synthesis. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of these strategies and will provide our views on how this field will develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- West China
School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Fucheng Wang
- West China
School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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17
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Wang X, Rissanen K, Bolm C. A One-Pot Domino Reaction Providing Fluorinated 5,6-Dihydro-1,2-thiazine 1-Oxides from Sulfoximines and 1-Trifluoromethylstyrenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1569-1572. [PMID: 36852945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Trifluoroacetylated (N-TFA) sulfoximines react with 1-trifluoromethylstyrenes in a one-pot domino reaction to give fluorinated 5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazine 1-oxides in good to high yields. The process involves three sequential reaction steps that can be characterized as (1) nucleophilic allylic substitution (SN2'), (2) hydrolysis, and (3) intramolecular nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV). The products can further be modified by defluorination. The molecular structure of the resulting product was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Lighting Up the Organochalcogen Synthesis: A Concise Update of Recent Photocatalyzed Approaches. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in photocatalyzed reactions to form new carbon–sulfur and carbon–selenium bonds. With a total of 136 references, of which 81 articles are presented, the authors introduce in five sections an updated picture of the state of the art in the light-promoted synthesis of organochalcogen compounds (from 2019 to present). The light-promoted synthesis of sulfides by direct sulfenylation of C–C π-bonds; synthesis of sulfones; the activation of Csp2–N bond in the formation of Csp2–S bonds; synthesis of thiol ester, thioether and thioacetal; and the synthesis of organoselenium compounds are discussed, with detailed reaction conditions and selected examples for each protocol.
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19
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Klein M, Troglauer DL, Waldvogel SR. Dehydrogenative Imination of Low-Valent Sulfur Compounds-Fast and Scalable Synthesis of Sulfilimines, Sulfinamidines, and Sulfinimidate Esters. JACS AU 2023; 3:575-583. [PMID: 36873686 PMCID: PMC9975850 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an electrochemical pathway for the synthesis of sulfilimines, sulfoximines, sulfinamidines, and sulfinimidate esters from readily available low-valent sulfur compounds and primary amides or their analogues. The combination of solvents and supporting electrolytes together act both as an electrolyte as well as a mediator, leading to efficient use of reactants. Both can be easily recovered, enabling an atom-efficient and sustainable process. A broad scope of sulfilimines, sulfinamidines, and sulfinimidate esters with N-EWGs is accessed in up to excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance. This fast synthesis can be easily scaled up to multigram quantities with high robustness for fluctuation of current densities of up to 3 orders of magnitude. The sulfilimines are converted into the corresponding sulfoximines in an ex-cell process in high to excellent yields using electro-generated peroxodicarbonate as a green oxidizer. Thereby, preparatively valuable NH sulfoximines are accessible.
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20
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Qin Y, Zhang Z, Ye X, Tan CH. Ion Pair Catalyst - Pentanidinium. CHEM REC 2023:e202200304. [PMID: 36762723 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In this account, we further describe our already developed N-sp2 hybrid guanidinium as an efficient phase-transfer catalyst and ion pair catalysis based on N-sp2 hybrid pentanidinium and its application in some new reactions. The sp3 hybrid quaternary ammonium salt has a tetrahedral structure, which means that three sides of it can be effectively steric, allowing the remaining side to be close to the substrate. However, the sp2 hybrid ammonium salt allows the substrate to form ion pairs from both directions respectively, so it is a greater challenge to control the stereoselectivity of the reaction. Van der Waals forces, such as hydrogen bonds and π - π ${\pi -\pi }$ interactions, have been used to make electrophiles approach from a certain direction, leading to a higher enantioselectivity. Based on the above idea, we designed an N-sp2 hybrid phase-transfer catalyst, pentanidinium. Pentanidinium has five conjugated nitrogen atoms, one of which has a formal positive charge, which is necessary for it to become an ion pair catalyst. We have confirmed that pentanidinium can catalyze α-hydroxylation of 3-substituted-2-oxindoles, Michael addition of 3-alkyloxindoles with vinyl sulfone, and alkylation reactions of sulfenate anions and dihydrocoumarins, desymmetrization of pro-chiral sulfinate to afford enantioenriched sulfinate esters. Pentanidinium with side chain structure changes can also be catalyzed efficiently with enantioconvergent halogenophilic nucleophilic substitution, including azidation and thioesterification. In the reaction catalyzed by pentanidinium, it always attracts us with the advantages of low catalytic load and good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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21
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Du G, Zhu P, Wang J, Li X, Zhang D, Wang C, Sun F. Modular Synthesis of
ortho
‐Thiolated Aryl Esters Enabled with Thiocarbonate through Catellani Strategy. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Pingliang Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Xinjin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Dao‐Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Zeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Feng‐Gang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 P. R. China
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22
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Amer MM, Hommelsheim R, Schumacher C, Kong D, Bolm C. Electro-mechanochemical approach towards the chloro sulfoximidations of allenes under solvent-free conditions in a ball mill. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:79-90. [PMID: 36128995 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An electro-mechanochemical protocol for the synthesis of vinylic sulfoximines has been developed. Utilising mechanochemically strained BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the catalytic active system is generated in situ by the reduction of copper(II) chloride. Various combinations of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups are tolerated, and the approach leads to products with difunctionalised double bonds in good to excellent yields. Attempts to add a sulfoximidoyl chloride to an alkyne proved difficult. Additions of a sulfonyl iodide to allenes and alkynes proceeded smoothly in the presence of silica gel without the need for activation by a piezoelectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Amer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. .,Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Deshen Kong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Crafting chemical space with sulfur functional groups. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Synthesis of N-acyl sulfenamides via copper catalysis and their use as S-sulfenylating reagents of thiols. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6445. [PMID: 36307408 PMCID: PMC9616856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-heteroatom bonds such as S-S and S-N are found in a variety of natural products and often play important roles in biological processes. Despite their widespread applications, the synthesis of sulfenamides, which feature S-N bonds that may be cleaved under mild conditions, remains underdeveloped. Here, we report a method for synthesis of N-acyl sulfenamides via copper-catalyzed nitrene-mediated S-amidation reaction of thiols with dioxazolones. This method is efficient, convenient, and broadly applicable. Moreover, the resulting N-acetyl sulfenamides are highly effective S-sulfenylation reagents for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides under mild conditions. The S-sulfenylation protocol enables facile access to sterically demanding disulfides that are difficult to synthesize by other means.
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25
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Andresini M, Carret S, Degennaro L, Ciriaco F, Poisson J, Luisi R. Multistep Continuous Flow Synthesis of Isolable NH 2 -Sulfinamidines via Nucleophilic Addition to Transient Sulfurdiimide. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202066. [PMID: 35861934 PMCID: PMC9804385 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in novel sulfur pharmacophores led to recent advances in the synthesis of some S(IV) and S(VI) motifs. However, preparation and isolation of uncommon primary sulfinamidines, the aza-analogues of sulfinamides, is highly desirable. Here we report a multistep continuous flow synthesis of poorly explored NH2 -sulfinamidines by nucleophilic attack of organometallic reagents to in situ prepared N-(trimethylsilyl)-N-trityl-λ4 -sulfanediimine (Tr-N=S=N-TMS). The transformation can additionally be realized under mild conditions, at room temperature, via a highly chemoselective halogen-lithium exchange of aryl bromides and iodides with n-butyllithium. Moreover, the synthetic potential of the methodology was assessed by exploring further manipulations of the products and accessing novel S(IV) analogues of celecoxib, tasisulam, and relevant sulfinimidoylureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari“A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM301 rue de la chimie38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Sébastien Carret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM301 rue de la chimie38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari“A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bari“A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | | | - Renzo Luisi
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari“A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
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26
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Wang BC, Fan T, Xiong FY, Chen P, Fang KX, Tan Y, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. De Novo Construction of Chiral Aminoindolines by Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclization and Subsequent Discovery of an Unexpected Sulfonyl Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19932-19941. [PMID: 36270010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Searching for efficient strategies to access structurally novel aminoindolines is of great significance for drug discovery. However, catalytic asymmetric de novo construction of aminoindoline scaffolds with functionality primed for diversification still remains elusive. Here, we report a Cu-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of ethynyl benzoxazinones with amines, producing chiral 3-aminoindolines in good yield and with high enantioselectivity (up to 97% yield and 98:2 er). Moreover, a radical-mediated sulfonyl migration of these products was unexpectedly found, further affording new chiral 3-aminoindolines bearing alkenyl sulfonyl groups with retained enantiopurity (up to 84% yield and 98:2 er). Bioactivity evaluations indicate that these 3-aminoindolines show notable antitumor activities and chirality is proven to have a significant impact on their antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Cheng Wang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Ya Xiong
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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27
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Greenwood NS, Champlin AT, Ellman JA. Catalytic Enantioselective Sulfur Alkylation of Sulfenamides for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulfoximines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17808-17814. [PMID: 36154032 PMCID: PMC9650615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoximines are increasingly incorporated in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, with the two enantiomers of chiral sulfoximines often having profoundly different binding interactions with biomolecules. Therefore, their application to drug discovery and development requires the challenging preparation of single enantiomers rather than racemic mixtures. Here, we report a general and fundamentally new asymmetric synthesis of sulfoximines. The first S-alkylation of sulfenamides, which are readily accessible sulfur compounds with one carbon and one nitrogen substituent, represents the key step. A broad scope for S-alkylation was achieved by rhodium-catalyzed coupling with diazo compounds under mild conditions. When a chiral rhodium catalyst was utilized with loadings as low as 0.1 mol %, the S-alkylation products were obtained in high yields and with enantiomeric ratios up to 98:2 at the newly generated chiral sulfur center. The S-alkylation products were efficiently converted to a variety of sulfoximines with complete retention of stereochemistry. The utility of this approach was further demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of a complex sulfoximine agrochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew T. Champlin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
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28
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Abstract
At ambient temperature, deprotonated sulfoximines react with 1-trifluoromethylalkenes to provide either N- or C-gem-difluoroalkenylated products. The reaction site depends upon the N substituent of the starting material. The optimal conditions involve the use of a superbasic system NaOH in dimethyl sulfoxide. The reactions are characterized by a broad substrate scope and medium to high yields. Scale-up experiments of both the N- and C-gem-difluoroalkenylations proceeded well. Treatment of a N-difluoroallyl sulfoximine with an aryl thiol under dioxygen afforded the corresponding oxygenated addition product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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29
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Wu P, Demaerel J, Kong D, Ma D, Bolm C. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Synthesis of NH-Sulfonimidamides from Primary Sulfinamides and Secondary Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:6988-6992. [PMID: 36125127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NH-Sulfonimidamides are prepared by copper-catalyzed coupling of primary sulfinamides with secondary amines. Neither a ligand nor an additive is needed, and air is the terminal oxidant. The reactions occur at room temperature, show good functional group tolerance, and lead to products in good yields. A sulfanenitrile is proposed as an intermediate in this oxidative amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Demaerel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deshen Kong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ding Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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30
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Lücking U. New Opportunities for the Utilization of the Sulfoximine Group in Medicinal Chemistry from the Drug Designer's Perspective**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201993. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lücking
- FoRx Therapeutics AG Lichtstrasse 35, WSJ-350.3.05 4056 Basel Switzerland
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31
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Abstract
![]()
Sulfur functional
groups are common motifs in bioactive molecules.
Sulfonamides are most prevalent but related aza-derivatives, in which
oxygen atoms are replaced by imidic nitrogens, such as sulfoximines
and sulfonimidamides, are gaining attraction. Despite this activity,
the double aza-variants of sulfonamides, termed sulfondiimidamides,
are almost completely absent from the literature. The reason for this
is poor synthetic accessibility. Although a recent synthesis has established
sulfondiimidamides as viable motifs, the length of the route and the
capricious nature of the key sulfondiimidoyl fluoride intermediates
mean that direct application to discovery chemistry is challenging.
Herein, we describe a two-step synthesis of sulfondiimidamides, exploiting
a hypervalent iodine-mediated amination as the key step. The starting
materials are organometallic reagents, an unsymmetrical sulfurdiimide,
and amines. The method allowed >40 examples to be prepared, including
derivatives of three sulfonamide-based drugs. The operational simplicity,
broad scope, and concise nature make this route attractive for discovery
chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Charles Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mingyan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Terhorst S, Jansen T, Langletz T, Bolm C. Sulfonimidamides by Sequential Mechanochemical Chlorinations and Aminations of Sulfinamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:4109-4113. [PMID: 35658444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the first mechanochemical synthesis of sulfonimidamides. The one-pot, two-step method requires neither a solvent nor inert conditions. In a mixer mill, sulfinamides are rapidly converted to sulfonimidoyl chlorides by oxidative chlorination with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). Subsequent substitutions with amines provides a wide range of diversely substituted sulfonimidamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Terhorst
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Jansen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Langletz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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33
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Passia MT, Schöbel JH, Bolm C. Sulfondiimines: synthesis, derivatisation and application. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4890-4901. [PMID: 35616027 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfondiimines are aza-analogues of sulfones and sulfoximines. In contrast to the latter two compound classes, sulfondiimines are rare in the chemical literature. Although a full understanding of the stability and reactivity of sulfondiimines is wanting, sulfondiimines have recently been recognized as novel bioisosteres for carbonyl moieties enabling expansion of the well-known portfolio of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure and stability of sulfondiimines and then focus on syntheses and derivatisations of these interesting compounds with sulfur-nitrogen core units. Furthermore, their use in heterocyclic chemistry and recent applications as bioactive compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco T Passia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Schöbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Tilby MJ, Dewez DF, Pantaine LRE, Hall A, Martínez-Lamenca C, Willis MC. Photocatalytic Late-Stage Functionalization of Sulfonamides via Sulfonyl Radical Intermediates. ACS Catal 2022; 12:6060-6067. [PMID: 35633900 PMCID: PMC9127806 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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A plethora of drug
molecules and agrochemicals contain the sulfonamide
functional group. However, sulfonamides are seldom viewed as synthetically
useful functional groups. To confront this limitation, a late-stage
functionalization strategy is described, which allows sulfonamides
to be converted to pivotal sulfonyl radical intermediates. This methodology
exploits a metal-free photocatalytic approach to access radical chemistry,
which is harnessed by combining pharmaceutically relevant sulfonamides
with an assortment of alkene fragments. Additionally, the sulfinate
anion can be readily obtained, further broadening the options for
sulfonamide functionalization. Mechanistic studies suggest that energy-transfer
catalysis (EnT) is in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Tilby
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Damien F. Dewez
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Adrian Hall
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, 1420 Braine-l’Alleud, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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35
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Ma D, Kong D, Wu P, Tu Y, Shi P, Wang X, Bolm C. Introduction of Lipophilic Side Chains to NH-Sulfoximines by Palladium Catalysis Under Blue Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2022; 24:2238-2241. [PMID: 35293757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Palladium catalysis under blue (LED) light irradiation allows conversion of NH-sulfoximines into products with long lipophilic side chains attached to the S═N moiety. The three-component reactions involve both radicals and organometallic intermediates stemming from alkyl bromides and butadienes. The substrate scope is broad, and the products are formed in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Deshen Kong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yongliang Tu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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36
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37
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Mustafa M, Winum JY. The importance of sulfur-containing motifs in drug design and discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:501-512. [PMID: 35193437 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2044783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sulfur-containing functional groups are privileged motifs that occur in various pharmacologically effective substances and several natural products. Various functionalities are found with a sulfur atom at diverse oxidation states, as illustrated by thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonamide, sulfamate, and sulfamide functions. They are valuable scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry and are part of a large array of approved drugs and clinical candidates. AREA COVERED Herein, the authors review the current research on the development of organosulfur-based drug discovery. This article also covers details of their roles in the new lead compounds reported in the literature over the past five years 2017-2021. EXPERT OPINION Given its prominent role in medicinal chemistry and its importance in drug discovery, sulfur has attracted continuing interest and has been used in the design of various valuable compounds that demonstrate a variety of biological and pharmacological feature activities. Overall, sulfur's role in medicinal chemistry continues to grow. However, many sulfur functionalities remain underused in small-molecule drug discovery and deserve special attention in the armamentarium for treating diverse diseases. Research efforts are also still required for the development of a synthetic methodology for direct access to these functions and late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Mustafa
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya Unuversity, Minia, Egypt
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38
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Ding M, Zhang ZX, Davies TQ, Willis MC. A Silyl Sulfinylamine Reagent Enables the Modular Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides via Primary Sulfinamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:1711-1715. [PMID: 35188396 PMCID: PMC9084605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A new N-silyl sulfinylamine
reagent allows the
rapid preparation of a broad range of (hetero)aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl
primary sulfinamides, using Grignard, organolithium, or organozinc
reagents to introduce the carbon fragment. Treatment of these primary
sulfinamides with an amine in the presence of a hypervalent iodine
reagent leads directly to NH-sulfonimidamides. This two-step sequence
is straightforward to perform and provides a modular approach to sulfonimidamides,
allowing ready variation of both reaction components, including primary
and secondary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ze-Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Thomas Q. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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Ibrahim SRM, Omar AM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Thiophenes-Naturally Occurring Plant Metabolites: Biological Activities and In Silico Evaluation of Their Potential as Cathepsin D Inhibitors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040539. [PMID: 35214871 PMCID: PMC8877444 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Naturally, thiophenes represent a small family of natural metabolites featured by one to five thiophene rings. Numerous plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae commonly produce thiophenes. These metabolites possessed remarkable bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, antioxidant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and nematicidal properties. The current review provides an update over the past seven years for the reported natural thiophene derivatives, including their sources, biosynthesis, spectral data, and bioactivities since the last review published in 2015. Additionally, with the help of the SuperPred webserver, an AI (artificial intelligence) tool, the potential drug target for the compounds was predicted. In silico studies were conducted for Cathepsin D with thiophene derivatives, including ADMET (drug absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion/and toxicity) properties prediction, molecular docking for the binding interaction, and molecular dynamics to evaluate the ligand-target interaction stability under simulated physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-581183034
| | - Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Bagalagel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Reem M. Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Ahmad O. Noor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Diena M. Almasri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (R.M.D.); (A.O.N.); (D.M.A.)
| | | | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Synthesis of chiral sulfinate esters by asymmetric condensation. Nature 2022; 604:298-303. [PMID: 35158370 PMCID: PMC8985065 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Achiral sulfur functional groups, such as sulfonamide, sulfone, thiol and thioether, are common in drugs and natural products. By contrast, chiral sulfur functional groups are often neglected as pharmacophores1–3, although sulfoximine, with its unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties4,5, has been recently incorporated into several clinical candidates. Thus, other sulfur stereogenic centres, such as sulfinate ester, sulfinamide, sulfonimidate ester and sulfonimidamide, have started to attract attention. The diversity and complexity of these sulfur stereogenic centres have the potential to expand the chemical space for drug discovery6–10. However, the installation of these structures enantioselectively into drug molecules is highly challenging. Here we report straightforward access to enantioenriched sulfinate esters via asymmetric condensation of prochiral sulfinates and alcohols using pentanidium as an organocatalyst. We successfully coupled a wide range of sulfinates and bioactive alcohols stereoselectively. The initial sulfinates can be prepared from existing sulfone and sulfonamide drugs, and the resulting sulfinate esters are versatile for transformations to diverse chiral sulfur pharmacophores. Through late-stage diversification11,12 of celecoxib and other drug derivatives, we demonstrate the viability of this unified approach towards sulfur stereogenic centres. A synthetic strategy for the stereoselective preparation of sulfinate esters and related sulfur stereogenic centres via asymmetric condensation expands the drug discovery toolbox for these compounds.
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