1
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Parker S, Duthie G, Robertson S. A framework for player movement analysis in team sports. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1375513. [PMID: 39165645 PMCID: PMC11334162 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1375513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Player movement is a fundamental component of evaluating performance in most team sports. Movement can be evaluated across multiple scales, referring to the function of anatomical structures through various planes of motion or an individual regulating their field position based on the movement of opposition players. Developments in commercially available tracking systems have afforded end users the ability to investigate the spatiotemporal features of movement in fine detail. These advancements, in conjunction with overlaid contextual information, have provided insights into the strategies adopted by players in relation to their movement. Understanding movement beyond its semantic value allows practitioners to make informed decisions surrounding performance evaluation and training design. This investigation proposes a framework to guide the analysis of player movement within team sports environments. The framework describes how operational standards for assessing movement can be designed in reference to theory and a set training philosophy. Such practice allows for the spatial and temporal complexities within team sports to be described and could potentially lead to better-applied outcomes through greater interdisciplinary collaboration and an improved holistic understanding of movement. To inform its development, this study evaluates the current research and identifies several open questions to guide future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- High Performance Department, Western Bulldogs Football Club, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Duthie
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Rennie G, Chesson L, Weaving D, Jones B. The effects of rule changes in football-code team sports: a systematic review. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39052002 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2375752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Rule changes within football-code team sports aim to improve performance, enhance player welfare, increase competitiveness, and provide player development opportunities. This manuscript aimed to review research investigating the effects of rule changes in football-code team sports. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus) was performed to August 2023; keywords related to rule changes, football-code team sports, and activity type. Studies were excluded if they failed to investigate a football-code team sport, did not quantify the change of rule, or were review articles. Forty-six studies met the eligibility criteria. Four different football codes were reported: Australian rules football (n = 4), rugby league (n = 6), rugby union (n = 16), soccer (n = 20). The most common category was physical performance and match-play characteristics (n = 22). Evidence appears at a high risk of bias partly due to the quasi-experimental nature of included studies, which are inherently non-randomised, but also due to the lack of control for confounding factors within most studies included. Rule changes can result in unintended consequences to performance (e.g., longer breaks in play) and effect player behaviour (i.e., reduce tackler height in rugby) but might not achieve desired outcome (i.e., unchanged concussion incidence). Coaches and governing bodies should regularly and systematically investigate the effects of rule changes to understand their influence on performance and injury risk. It is imperative that future studies analysing rule changes within football codes account for confounding factors by implementing suitable study designs and statistical analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Rennie
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy Chesson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Rugby Department, Premiership Rugby, London, UK
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3
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Glebova E, Madsen DØ. Twin transformation as a strategic approach in sport management: the synergy of digitalization and sustainability in sports. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1403793. [PMID: 39132514 PMCID: PMC11310929 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1403793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of digitalization and sustainability principles, encapsulated within the Twin Transformation (TT) approach, has emerged as a transformative paradigm within sport management. However, there is a critical gap in understanding how these two transformative forces can be synergistically harnessed within the field of sport management. This paper explores the conceptual underpinnings of TT and its implications for enhancing organizational performance and addressing contemporary challenges in the sports industry. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives, the paper examines how TT fosters innovation, enhances fan engagement, and promotes environmental responsibility within sport management. Through a synthesis of theoretical insights and practical examples, the paper highlights the potential of TT to drive positive change across various facets of sport management, from operational practices to stakeholder engagement. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of ongoing research and scholarly inquiry in advancing our understanding of TT and its implications for theory and practice in sport management. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of TT in sport management, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders seeking to navigate the dynamic landscape of the sports industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Glebova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Faculty of Business, Higher College of Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dag Øivind Madsen
- Department of Business, Marketing and Law, USN School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hønefoss, Norway
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4
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Junior MN, Lopes-Silva JP, Takito MY, Franchini E. Cadet and Junior Performance Is Associated With Senior's World Championship and Olympics Achievement in Judo. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:54-59. [PMID: 36693247 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2147477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We determined whether cadet and junior Judo World Championship participation and medal achievement would predict senior performance at World Championship (WC) and Olympic Games (OG). Methods: We analyzed retrospectively a total of 7780 athletes who competed at the OG and WC in the cadet, junior, and senior between 2009 and 2021. Results: There was an increase in the probability of winning a medal in the senior category (WC and OG, and only WC) ranged from 4.3 to 4.5 for medal-winning cadets compared to non-medalists and this probability remained around 3.3-3.8 for medalists in the male and 5.3-5.4 for the female medalists in cadet WC. Moreover, the chance of winning a medal in the senior category (WC and OG) was 8.1-8.5 times greater for medalists when compared to non-medalists in the junior WC. In turn, the probability of winning a medal in the senior (WC) was 1.5-1.7 times greater for athletes who did not compete in the junior WC. In the OG, the probability of winning a medal was 3.5 greater times for medalists when compared to non-medalists at cadet and junior WC. Conclusion: Thus, being a cadet or junior WC medalist increases the probability of winning a senior WC or an Olympic medal.
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Pérez-Calzado E, Coterón J, Ric Á, Torrents C. Analysis of the motor behaviour of people without specific dance training in improvisation tasks: Influence of mirror and partner. J Sports Sci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38267810 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2306064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the influence of the mirror and/or partner constraints on the motor creativity of women without specific training in dance during improvisation tasks, in order to contribute to the knowledge of creativity in the field of sports science and movement-based practices. We studied the exploratory behaviour and emerging movement patterns of 12 women who performed four improvisations under the following situations: individual without mirror; individual with mirror; partner without mirror; and partner with mirror. The dynamic overlap qd(t) was calculated to identify the exploratory dynamics composed of the exploratory amplitude and the rate of change between movement configurations. To determine emerging movement patterns, a principal component analysis was carried out by ad hoc routines prepared. A mixed linear model was performed to find out the influence of the different constraints on the exploratory behaviour. The results indicate that the presence of the mirror seems to provoke a decrease in the exploratory behaviour. In addition, partner improvisation favoured coupling and imitation dynamics among the participants. Likewise, the most recurrent emergent movement pattern was walking while moving the arms. It would be advisable to take the influence of these constraints into consideration depending on the improvisation purpose and the experience level of female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pérez-Calzado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Coterón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ric
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlota Torrents
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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6
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Cudicio A, Agosti V. Beyond Belief: Exploring the Alignment of Self-Efficacy, Self-Prediction, Self-Perception, and Actual Performance Measurement in a Squat Jump Performance-A Pilot Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:16. [PMID: 38249094 PMCID: PMC10801603 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that athletic performance emerges from a complex interaction between physical and cognitive features. Several studies highlighted self-efficacy (SE) in the cognitive domain of athletic performance, but no studies have correlated SE with sport-specific tasks. According to Bandura, this study explored SE and its relationship with self-prediction (SP), self-perception (PSJ), and actual performance in a squat jump (SJ). Thirty-nine healthy collegiate students were assessed using an SE questionnaire, an SP measurement tool, and a validated optical system for actual SJ performance. An SE score and an SE esteem index (SEE) were determined. The alignment between an individual's SP of their SJ performance and their SE beliefs was also examined. The data revealed a significant correlation between SE score and both SJ (r = 0.432; p = 0.006) and SP (r = 0.441; p = 0.005). Furthermore, disparities among the actual SJ, SP, and SEE were statistically non-significant, implying a congruence between self-belief and performance. With a deeper understanding of the interaction between SE, SP, and sport-specific tasks, sports professionals could develop targeted interventions to enhance athletes' overall athletic achievements and apply SE as a feature linking physical and cognitive athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cudicio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valeria Agosti
- Department of Humanities, Philosophy and Education, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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7
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Koester D. The (cognitive) future of motor control and learning. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1181808. [PMID: 37780123 PMCID: PMC10534033 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1181808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An ongoing debate exists regarding the compatibility of dynamic systems theory (DST) and symbol processing accounts (SPA), where SPA assume abstract representations and processing. Another aspect under discussion is if either one appropriately describes and explains motor control and the modification of motor skills. Both frameworks have their strengths and weaknesses. DST provides mechanistic explanations and takes system complexity and the environment into account without reference to mental entities. System behaviour is described mathematically and considered deterministic. In contrast, SPA propose that abstract content, that is, mental representations of the (own) body, and task requirements are critically important for movement control. It is argued that neither approach nor an (unaccomplished) unification of these frameworks can achieve a comprehensive understanding of motor control and learning. In this perspective article, it is argued that further effective sources of motor learning, such as emotional support and motivational guidance, have the potential to improve and preserve motor skills indirectly and should, thus, be recognised. Qualitative approaches focussing on understanding the athlete and the situation might be appropriate for applied work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Koester
- Faculty Sport Sciences and Personality, Business & Law School, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Burns A, Collins D. Interdisciplinary practice in performance sport: A scoping review of evidence of collaboration. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:1877-1891. [PMID: 37042174 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2201812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Performance support teams are increasingly comprised of sub-disciplines, bringing varied expertise to support an athlete or team in achieving the desired result. With more voices in the room, however, there is a need to investigate how these individuals can effectively work together collaboratively. Accordingly, the present study reviewed empirical articles that have examined interdisciplinary practice in performance sport. In total, 22 articles met the full inclusion criteria. We discuss the four key themes that emerged from the literature linked to these contexts: namely, Theoretical frameworks, Facilitative leadership and culture, Organisational and logistical structure and processes, and Personal and interpersonal qualities. To deepen the understanding in this intricate field, conducting future research such as longitudinal studies that follow team working practices over time and delve into the lived experiences of teams, as well as the perspectives of various stakeholders, would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Burns
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dave Collins
- Grey Matters Performance Ltd, Stratford-Upon-Avon, UK
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9
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Thuany M, Gomes TN, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Rolim R, Moura dos Santos MA. Beyond the border of the athlete-centered approach: a model to understand runners' performance. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1137023. [PMID: 37691794 PMCID: PMC10484714 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to move beyond the borders of the athlete-centered approach by examining the runners' environment interplay as a key factor for performance. Based on the ecological systems theory, the micro-level (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and training characteristics), meso-level (a direct association with athletes is not observed, but the environment plays an influence on the relationships built at the micro-level), and macro-level (contextual features that influence athletic systems) were theorized and contextualized as important factors for the expression of different outcomes, including performance and participation. We also conceptualized the microtime, mesotime, and macrotime as a constraint. Through this model, we aimed to provide applications and conclusions about how this conceptual model provides advances in the scientific research field. By understanding how environmental factors influence their performance, runners can make informed decisions about where and how to train and compete. Furthermore, by recognizing the role of culture and social context in shaping runners' experiences and outcomes, we can work toward creating a more equitable and supportive running culture for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ramiro Rolim
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcos André Moura dos Santos
- Associated Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco and Federal University of Paraiba, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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10
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Maksum A, Indahwati N. Personality traits, environment, and career stages of top athletes: An evidence from outstanding badminton players of Indonesia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13779. [PMID: 36851972 PMCID: PMC9958474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The world badminton championship is a highly competitive arena. Successful athletes are those who have excellence, not only physically and technically but also mentally. The present study aims to identify the personality traits, environment, and career stages required by an athlete to achieve excellence. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews. As participants are 10 Indonesian badminton athletes who have achieved world-class achievements, such as the Olympics and world championships. They consist of 3 female athletes and 7 male athletes. The results showed that seven traits were effective in supporting their achievement, namely: achievement-oriented, hard work, persistent, autonomy, commitment, intelligence, and self-control. The family environment and sports environment influence the formation of traits and the emergence of high-achieving athletes. This research also found that athletes go through 5 phases in achieving achievement, namely exploration, specialization, investment, achievement, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maksum
- Postgraduate School of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nanik Indahwati
- Department of Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
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11
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Antonini Philippe R, Biasutti M, van der Schyff D, Schiavio A. Challenges and understandings of creative practice in professional sport training. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279702. [PMID: 36812226 PMCID: PMC9946216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a qualitative study involving twelve expert sports coaches to explore and compare the range of creative practices they adopted during their professional activities. Their written responses to open-ended questions highlighted different interrelated dimensions of creative engagement in coaching sport, suggesting that efforts to instil creativity may initially focus on an individual athlete; they may often span a range of behaviours dedicated to efficiency; they may involve significant degrees of freedom and trust; and they cannot be captured by a single defining feature. We contextualise these findings in the light of recent literature in sports studies, performance science and creativity research, providing concrete examples based on the written statements provided by our participants. We conclude by offering insights for future research and coaching practice that may be relevant in broader domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Biasutti
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dylan van der Schyff
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Schiavio
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Souza HLR, Bernardes BP, dos Prazeres EO, Arriel RA, Meireles A, Camilo GB, Mota GR, Marocolo M. Last Word on Viewpoint: Hoping for the best, prepared for the worst-can we perform remote data collection in sport sciences? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1441. [PMID: 36680766 PMCID: PMC9762956 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00639.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiago L. R. Souza
- 1Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Bernardo P. Bernardes
- 1Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eduardo O. dos Prazeres
- 1Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rhaí A. Arriel
- 1Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anderson Meireles
- 1Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Camilo
- 2Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil,3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Mota
- 4Human Performance and Sport Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- 1Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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13
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Balagué N, Hristovski R, Almarcha M, Garcia-Retortillo S, Ivanov PC. Network Physiology of Exercise: Beyond Molecular and Omics Perspectives. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:119. [PMID: 36138329 PMCID: PMC9500136 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular Exercise Physiology and Omics approaches represent an important step toward synthesis and integration, the original essence of Physiology. Despite the significant progress they have introduced in Exercise Physiology (EP), some of their theoretical and methodological assumptions are still limiting the understanding of the complexity of sport-related phenomena. Based on general principles of biological evolution and supported by complex network science, this paper aims to contrast theoretical and methodological aspects of molecular and network-based approaches to EP. After explaining the main EP challenges and why sport-related phenomena cannot be understood if reduced to the molecular level, the paper proposes some methodological research advances related to the type of studied variables and measures, the data acquisition techniques, the type of data analysis and the assumed relations among physiological levels. Inspired by Network Physiology, Network Physiology of Exercise provides a new paradigm and formalism to quantify cross-communication among diverse systems across levels and time scales to improve our understanding of exercise-related phenomena and opens new horizons for exercise testing in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Balagué
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Fisica de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Maricarmen Almarcha
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Fisica de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Fisica de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 21709, USA
| | - Plamen Ch Ivanov
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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14
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Johnston K, Baker J. Sources of information used by elite distance running coaches for selection decisions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268554. [PMID: 35939423 PMCID: PMC9359569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Talent identification and selection are critical components of competitive sport success. Despite the time, effort, and resources invested, the accuracy of selection decisions remains generally poor. While much of the scholarship in this area has focused on the factors discriminating skilled and less-skilled individuals, limited research exists on what information is used in the decision-making process for athlete selection. The current study seeks to gain a better understanding of the information used by elite distance running coaches when forming judgements for athlete selection. Ten semi-structured interviews with elite distance running coaches from across Canada were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. It was interpreted that coaches mainly gather information using their coach’s eye to determine an athlete’s ‘fit’ to the team. Coaches also use more objective information such as race times and movement analyses to assess performance and judge future ‘potential’. As well, the decisions were believed to be influenced by situational considerations at the time of the selection procedure. Specifically, these considerations affecting a coach’s selection included length of time to make a decision, personal limitations in decision-making abilities, and team circumstances. Interestingly, coaches recognized limitations in their selection practices and procedures and discussed some of their personal and system-level biases, highlighting their awareness of potential selection inefficiencies/inaccuracies. Overall, distance running coaches used a variety of techniques to gather information before a selection was made, relying on both subjective and objective information for crafting judgments. Findings are discussed in relation to implications for coaches, sport organizations, and talent identification and selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Johnston
- Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Baker
- Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Do Cognitive, Physical, and Combined Tasks Induce Similar Levels of Mental Fatigue? Testing the Effects of Different Moderating Variables. Motor Control 2022; 26:630-648. [PMID: 35905976 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Experts have highlighted the importance of coaches knowing the level of mental fatigue (MF) induced by different tasks. This study aimed to compare the mentally fatiguing nature of cognitive, physical, and combined tasks and, additionally, assess the effect of different moderating variables on MF. Twenty-three physically active (16 males: Mage = 24 years; seven females: Mage = 22.57 years) participants performed three experimental sessions: (a) physically fatiguing: 30 min of cycloergometer work (at 65%-75% of maximum heart rate), (b) mentally fatiguing: 30 min of an incongruent Stroop task, and (c) mixed fatiguing: 30 min of combining the physically and mentally fatiguing protocols. Subjective MF (visual analog scale), reaction time (psychomotor vigilance task), and cognitive performance (Stroop) were measured throughout the different protocols. Results showed significant increments in subjective MF after all tasks, with the mental and mixed protocols showing significantly higher increases. Only the mentally fatiguing protocol caused significant impairments in reaction time. No significant effects of sex, years of experience, or degree of mental toughness were observed. These results suggest that the use of all these tasks, and especially the mentally fatiguing exercises, should be avoided immediately prior to competitions due to the negative consequences of MF on performance. Moreover, this effect seems to be independent of the sex, years of experience, or mental toughness of athletes.
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16
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Kim KM, Estepa-Gallego A, Estudillo-Martínez MD, Castellote-Caballero Y, Cruz-Díaz D. Comparative Effects of Neuromuscular- and Strength-Training Protocols on Pathomechanical, Sensory-Perceptual, and Motor-Behavioral Impairments in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1364. [PMID: 35893186 PMCID: PMC9394255 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a complex condition that includes limited mobility, perceived instability, and recurrent ankle sprains are common characteristics that reduce the quality of life in subjects who suffer from CAI. Neuromuscular training and strength training have been recommended in CAI management interventions. However, there are contradictory findings on results when comparing neuromuscular training, strength training, and the control group. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 8 weeks of neuromuscular intervention training, strength training, and no intervention in a sporting population with reported CAI. (2) Methods: Sixty-seven athletes with CAI were randomly assigned to a neuromuscular training group (NG), strength training group (SG), or control group (CG). Participants completed 8 weeks of neuromuscular training (a combination of static and dynamic exercises), strength training (resistance band exercises), or no training. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks and included selfs-reported instability feeling (CAIT), dynamic balance (SEBT), ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (WBLT), and functional status (FAAM and FAAM-SPORT). (3) Results: There were significant differences between strength and control groups in the posteromedial direction of SEBT, FAAM, and FAAM-SPORT after 8 weeks of intervention. (4) Conclusions: Neuromuscular training and strength training based on resistance bands exercises showed significant improvements in ankle dorsiflexion, subjective feeling of instability, functional status, and dynamic balance in patients with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Alejandro Estepa-Gallego
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.E.-G.); (D.C.-D.)
| | | | - Yolanda Castellote-Caballero
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.E.-G.); (D.C.-D.)
| | - David Cruz-Díaz
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.E.-G.); (D.C.-D.)
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, E-30720 Murcia, Spain
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17
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López-Martínez MI, Miguel M, Garcés-Rimón M. Protein and Sport: Alternative Sources and Strategies for Bioactive and Sustainable Sports Nutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926043. [PMID: 35782926 PMCID: PMC9247391 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and sport play an important role in achieving a healthy lifestyle. In addition to the intake of nutrients derived from the normal diet, some sport disciplines require the consumption of supplements that contribute positively to improved athletic performance. Protein intake is important for many aspects related to health, and current evidence suggests that some athletes require increased amounts of this nutrient. On the other hand, society's demand for more environmentally friendly products, focus on the search for alternative food sources more sustainable. This review aims to summarize the latest research on novel strategies and sources for greener and functional supplementation in sport nutrition. Alternative protein sources such as insects, plants or mycoproteins have proven to be an interesting substrate due to their high added value in terms of bioactivity and sustainability. Protein hydrolysis has proven to be a very useful technology to revalue by-products, such as collagen, by producing bioactive peptides beneficial on athletes performance and sport-related complications. In addition, it has been observed that certain amino acids from plant sources, as citrulline or theanine, can have an ergogenic effect for this target population. Finally, the future perspectives of protein supplementation in sports nutrition are discussed. In summary, protein supplementation in sports nutrition is a very promising field of research, whose future perspective lies with the search for alternatives with greater bioactive potential and more sustainable than conventional sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel I. López-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimenos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimenos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Miguel
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Vaughan J, Mallett CJ, Potrac P, Woods C, O'Sullivan M, Davids K. Social and Cultural Constraints on Football Player Development in Stockholm: Influencing Skill, Learning, and Wellbeing. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:832111. [PMID: 35669555 PMCID: PMC9163368 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.832111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we consider how youth sport and (talent) development environments have adapted to, and are constrained by, social and cultural forces. Empirical evidence from an 18-month ethnographic case study highlights how social and cultural constraints influence the skill development and psychological wellbeing of young football players. We utilized novel ways of knowing (i.e., epistemologies) coupled to ecological frameworks (e.g., the theory of ecological dynamics and the skilled intentionality framework). A transdisciplinary inquiry was used to demonstrate that the values which athletes embody in sports are constrained by the character of the social institutions (sport club, governing body) and the social order (culture) in which they live. The constraining character of an athlete (talent) development environment is captured using ethnographic methods that illuminate a sociocultural value-directedness toward individual competition. The discussion highlights how an emphasis on individual competition overshadows opportunities (e.g., shared, and nested affordances) for collective collaboration in football. Conceptually, we argue that these findings characterize how a dominating sociocultural constraint may negatively influence the skill development, in game performance, and psychological wellbeing (via performance anxiety) of young football players in Stockholm. Viewing cultures and performance environments as embedded complex adaptive systems, with human development as ecological, it becomes clear that microenvironments and embedded relations underpinning athlete development in high performance sports organizations are deeply susceptible to broad cultural trends toward neoliberalism and competitive individualism. Weaving transdisciplinary lines of inquiry, it is clarified how a value directedness toward individual competition may overshadow collective collaboration, not only amplifying socio-cognitive related issues (anxiety, depression, emotional disturbances) but simultaneously limiting perceptual learning, skill development, team coordination and performance at all levels in a sport organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vaughan
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Allmänna Idrottsklubben (AIK) FC Stockholm, Research and Development Department, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: James Vaughan
| | - Clifford J. Mallett
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, München, Germany
| | - Paul Potrac
- Northumbria University, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark O'Sullivan
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sport and Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Davids
- Sport and Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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19
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Montull L, Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė A, Kiely J, Hristovski R, Balagué N. Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35348932 PMCID: PMC8964908 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in sports monitoring are characterized by the massive collection of tech-based biomechanical, physiological and performance data, integrated through mathematical algorithms. However, the application of algorithms, predicated on mechanistic assumptions of how athletes operate, cannot capture, assess and adequately promote athletes' health and performance. The objective of this paper is to reorient the current integrative proposals of sports monitoring by re-conceptualizing athletes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). CAS contain higher-order perceptual units that provide continuous and multilevel integrated information about performer-environment interactions. Such integrative properties offer exceptional possibilities of subjective monitoring for outperforming any objective monitoring system. Future research should investigate how to enhance this human potential to contribute further to athletes' health and performance. This line of argument is not intended to advocate for the elimination of objective assessments, but to highlight the integrative possibilities of subjective monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluc Montull
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Agne Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Public Health, Health Research Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Natàlia Balagué
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Roberts SJ, McRobert AP, Rudd J, Enright K, Reeves MJ. Research in Another un-Examined (RAE) context. A chronology of 35 years of relative age effect research in soccer: is it time to move on? SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 5:301-309. [PMID: 35077305 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1841278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is approximately 35 years since the publication of the first relative age effect paper in sport and despite the volume of empirical studies, book chapters, conference presentations, and column inches dedicated to this topic we appear to be no further on in eliminating or attenuating this discriminatory practice. This commentary argues that the ongoing use of univariate methods, focusing on primary or secondary analyses of birth-date data, unearthed from previously un-examined contexts is not conducive to stimulating discussion or providing empirical solutions to relative age effects. This paper concludes by suggesting a departure from the traditionally narrow view of relative age inquiry and instead consider the role of transdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Roberts
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Football Exchange, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Allistair P McRobert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Football Exchange, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Rudd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Enright
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Football Exchange, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew J Reeves
- UCLan Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity & Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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21
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Kelly G, McKenna O, Courtney S, Collins K, Bradley J, Martin D. Benchmarking successful performances in elite Ladies Gaelic football. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.2020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Kelly
- School of Business, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Odharnaith McKenna
- Centre of Performance Analysis, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Sharon Courtney
- School of Business, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Collins
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bradley
- Centre of Performance Analysis, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Denise Martin
- School of Business, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Psychosocial Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Competitive Athletes: A Mixed-Studies Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:773-788. [PMID: 34860356 PMCID: PMC8938379 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background While the psychosocial risk factors for traumatic injuries have been comprehensively investigated, less is known about psychosocial factors predisposing athletes to overuse injuries. Objective The aim of this review was to systematically identify studies and synthesise data that examined psychosocial risk factors for overuse injuries in athletes. Design Systematic review. Data Sources MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, supplemented by hand searching of journals and reference lists. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies Quantitative and qualitative studies involving competitive athletes, published prior to July 2021, and reporting the relationship between psychosocial variables and overuse injury as an outcome were reviewed. This was limited to academic peer-reviewed journals in Swedish, English, German, Spanish and French. An assessment of the risk of bias was performed using modified versions of the RoBANS and SBU Quality Assessment Scale for Qualitative Studies. Results Nine quantitative and five qualitative studies evaluating 1061 athletes and 27 psychosocial factors were included for review. Intra-personal factors, inter-personal factors and sociocultural factors were found to be related to the risk of overuse injury when synthesised and reported according to a narrative synthesis approach. Importantly, these psychosocial factors, and the potential mechanisms describing how they might contribute to overuse injury development, appeared to be different compared with those already known for traumatic injuries. Conclusions There is preliminary evidence that overuse injuries are likely to partially result from complex interactions between psychosocial factors. Coaches and supporting staff are encouraged to acknowledge the similarities and differences between traumatic and overuse injury aetiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01597-5.
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23
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Woods CT, Rudd J, Araújo D, Vaughan J, Davids K. Weaving Lines of Inquiry: Promoting Transdisciplinarity as a Distinctive Way of Undertaking Sport Science Research. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 34342764 PMCID: PMC8333240 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of inter- and multidisciplinarity - broadly drawing on other disciplines to help collaboratively answer important questions to the field - has been an important goal for many professional development organisations, universities, and research institutes in sport science. While welcoming collaboration, this opinion piece discusses the value of transdisciplinary research for sports science. The reason for this is that inter- and multidisciplinary research are still bound by disciplinary convention - often leading sport science researchers to study about a phenomenon based on pre-determined disciplinary ways of conceptualising, measuring, and doing. In contrast, transdisciplinary research promotes contextualised study with a phenomenon, like sport, unbound by disciplinary confines. It includes a more narrative and abductive way of performing research, with this abduction likely opening new lines of inquiry for attentive researchers to follow. It is in the weaving of these lines where researchers can encounter new information, growing knowledge in-between, through, and beyond the disciplines to progressively entangle novel and innovative insights related to a phenomenon or topic of interest. To guide innovation and the development of such research programmes in sport science, we lean on the four cornerstones of transdisciplinarity proposed by Alfonso Montuori, exemplifying what they could mean for such research programmes in sport science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl T Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - James Rudd
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Duarte Araújo
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James Vaughan
- AIK Football, Research & Development Department, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith Davids
- Sport & Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Kelso JAS. The Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model: from matter to movement to mind. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2021; 115:305-322. [PMID: 34406513 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-021-00890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a brief retrospective on the Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model of certain dynamical properties of human movement. Though unanticipated, HKB introduced, and demonstrated the power of, a new vocabulary for understanding behavior, cognition and the brain, revealed through a visually compelling mathematical picture that accommodated highly reproducible experimental facts and predicted new ones. HKB stands as a harbinger of paradigm change in several scientific fields, the effects of which are still being felt. In particular, HKB constitutes the foundation of a mechanistic science of coordination called Coordination Dynamics that extends from matter to movement to mind, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Scott Kelso
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA.
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland.
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25
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Vaughan J, Mallett CJ, Potrac P, López-Felip MA, Davids K. Football, Culture, Skill Development and Sport Coaching: Extending Ecological Approaches in Athlete Development Using the Skilled Intentionality Framework. Front Psychol 2021; 12:635420. [PMID: 34305709 PMCID: PMC8295484 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we extend ecological approaches and suggest ideas for enhancing athlete development by utilizing the Skilled Intentionality Framework. A broad aim is to illustrate the extent to which social, cultural and historical aspects of life are embodied in the way football is played and the skills young footballers develop during learning. Here, we contend that certain aspects of the world (i.e., environmental properties) are "weighted" with social and cultural significance, "standing out" to be more readily perceived and simultaneously acted upon when playing football. To comprehend how patterns of team coordination and athletic skill embody aspects of culture and context we outline the value-directedness of player-environment intentionality. We demonstrate that the values an individual can express are constrained by the character of the social institutions (i.e., football clubs) and the social order (i.e., form of life) in which people live. In particular, we illuminate the extent to which value-directedness can act as a constraint on the skill development of football players "for good or ill." We achieve this goal by outlining key ecological and relational concepts that help illustrate the extent to which affordances are value-realizing and intentionality is value-directed (exemplified, by footballers performing in a rondo). To enhance coaching practice, we offer: (a) insights into markers of skilled intentionality, and (b), the language of skilled intentions, as well as highlighting (c), an additional principle of Non-linear Pedagogy: Shaping skilled intentions, or more precisely shaping the value-directedness of player-environment intentionality. We contend that, if sport practitioners do not skilfully attend to sociocultural constraints and shape the intentions of players within training environments and games, the social, cultural, and historic constraints of their environment will do so: constantly soliciting some affordances over others and directing skill development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vaughan
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Research and Development Department, AIK Football, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clifford J Mallett
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Potrac
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maurici A López-Felip
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Team Sports Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barça Innovation Hub, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Keith Davids
- Skill Acquisition Research Theme, Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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26
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Daigle K, Subach R, Valliant M. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2021 Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent, Proficient, and Expert) in Sports and Human Performance Nutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1813-1830.e55. [PMID: 34183294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition in sports and human performance incorporates knowledge of the intersection of human physiology and nutrition. Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) practitioners in sports and human performance focus on nutrition care that is specific to the individual and their sport/occupational requirements. The Dietitians in Sports, Cardiovascular and Wellness Dietetic Practice Group, along with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Management Committee, have updated the Standards of Practice (SOP) and Standards of Professional Performance (SOPP) for RDNs working in sports and human performance. The SOP and SOPP for RDNs in Sports and Human Performance Nutrition provide indicators that describe three levels of practice: competent, proficient, and expert. The SOP uses the Nutrition Care Process and clinical workflow elements for delivering care to athletic/professional populations. The SOPP describes the following six domains that focus on professional performance: Quality in Practice, Competence and Accountability, Provision of Services, Application of Research, Communication and Application of Knowledge, and Utilization and Management of Resources. Specific indicators outlined in the SOP and SOPP depict how these standards apply to practice. The SOP and SOPP are complementary resources for RDNs and are intended to be used as a self-evaluation tool for assuring competent practice in sports and human performance and for determining potential education and training needs for advancement to a higher practice level in a variety of settings.
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27
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García-Calvo T, Pulido JJ, Ponce-Bordón JC, López-Gajardo MÁ, Teoldo Costa I, Díaz-García J. Can Rules in Technical-Tactical Decisions Influence on Physical and Mental Load during Soccer Training? A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4313. [PMID: 33921701 PMCID: PMC8072652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of rules limitations in pass decisions during soccer tasks on physical and mental load reported by players. Participants were 40 semiprofessional Spanish soccer players (Mage = 22.40, SD = 2.25) from two male teams. Two training sessions with four tasks (same tasks with different score system: two maintaining ball possession games with goalkeepers, and two maintaining ball possession games) in counterbalanced order between teams were completed. To achieve a goal during limitation tasks, a minimum number of players had to participate in the passes before the goal. Internal (perceived effort and heart rate) and external physical load (distances), mental load (validated adaptation of the NASA-TXL) and fatigue (VASfatigue) were quantified. Paired t-test and magnitude-based inference were conducted. The results showed significantly higher mean speeds (p < 0.01), effort perception (p < 0.001), and mental fatigue (very likely positive) during possession games with restrictions. Additionally, performance satisfaction obtained significantly higher values with goalkeepers and pass restrictions (very likely positive). External physical load showed no significant differences between situations. The influence of mental fatigue on internal load and the complexity of the tasks could explain these results. Coaches can use this information to manipulate the training load in ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. of University S/N, 10013 Caceres, Spain; (J.J.P.); (J.C.P.-B.); (M.Á.L.-G.); (J.D.-G.)
| | - Juan José Pulido
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. of University S/N, 10013 Caceres, Spain; (J.J.P.); (J.C.P.-B.); (M.Á.L.-G.); (J.D.-G.)
| | - José Carlos Ponce-Bordón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. of University S/N, 10013 Caceres, Spain; (J.J.P.); (J.C.P.-B.); (M.Á.L.-G.); (J.D.-G.)
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. of University S/N, 10013 Caceres, Spain; (J.J.P.); (J.C.P.-B.); (M.Á.L.-G.); (J.D.-G.)
| | - Israel Teoldo Costa
- Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36.571-000 Viçosa, Brazil;
| | - Jesús Díaz-García
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. of University S/N, 10013 Caceres, Spain; (J.J.P.); (J.C.P.-B.); (M.Á.L.-G.); (J.D.-G.)
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Browne P, Sweeting AJ, Woods CT, Robertson S. Methodological Considerations for Furthering the Understanding of Constraints in Applied Sports. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33792790 PMCID: PMC8017066 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commonly classified as individual, task or environmental, constraints are boundaries which shape the emergence of functional movement solutions. In applied sport, an ongoing challenge is to improve the measurement, analysis and understanding of constraints to key stakeholders. Methodological considerations for furthering these pursuits should be centred around an interdisciplinary approach. This integration of methodology and knowledge from different disciplines also encourages the sharing of encompassing principles, concepts, methods and data to generate new solutions to existing problems. This narrative review discusses how a number of rapidly developing fields are positioned to help guide, support and progress an understanding of sport through constraints. It specifically focuses on examples from the fields of technology, analytics and perceptual science. It discusses how technology is generating large quantities of data which can improve our understanding of how constraints shape the movement solutions of performers in training and competition environments. Analytics can facilitate new insights from numerous and complex data through enhanced non-linear and multivariate analysis techniques. The role of the perceptual sciences is discussed with respect to generating outputs from analytics that are more interpretable for the end-user. Together, these three fields of technology, analytics and perceptual science may enable a more comprehensive understanding of constraints in sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Browne
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Western Bulldogs Football Club, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alice J Sweeting
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs Football Club, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carl T Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs Football Club, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
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Hill Y, Van Yperen NW, Den Hartigh RJR. Facing Repeated Stressors in a Motor Task: Does it Enhance or Diminish Resilience? J Mot Behav 2020; 53:717-726. [PMID: 33252010 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1852155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research is to test whether resilience in a motor task enhances or diminishes when encountering stressors. We conducted a lateral movement task during which we induced stressors and tracked the movement accuracy of each participant over time. Stressors corresponded to organismic constraints (i.e., visual occlusion), task constraints (i.e., movement sensitivity), or both types of constraints in an alternating pattern. In order to determine resilience, we introduced a measure combining the strength of a stressor and the relaxation time. Across the three conditions, we found that resilience was enhanced rather than diminished over time. This supports the notion that stressors in the form of constraint alterations can be beneficial to human motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nico W Van Yperen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Otte FW, Rothwell M, Woods C, Davids K. Specialist Coaching Integrated into a Department of Methodology in Team Sports Organisations. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:55. [PMID: 33196910 PMCID: PMC7669963 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With increasing resources in sports organisations being allocated to the development and preparation of individual athletes and sub-groups with specialist performance roles, the work of coaches, specialist (role) coaches and support staff needs to be functionally and coherently integrated. This integration of sport science support and coaching can be administered by staff in a Department of Methodology (DoM). Particularly, in this paper, we propose how specialist coaching can be situated in a DoM, presenting a model advocating effective functioning in high-performance team sports organisations. Using principles of ecological dynamics, we provide a rationale for a functional methodology for the design of practice tasks in a DoM that views learners as wayfinders, self-regulating their way through competitive performance environments. This rationale for athlete self-regulation in practice could improve athlete performance by enhancing problem solving, engagement with constraints of learning designs and supporting better attunement to contextual information abundant in a competitive environment. Finally, by introducing this unified and multidisciplinary DoM, specialist coaches, team coaches and sport science support staff, within the organisational structure, can collaboratively debate and co-design individualised athlete training programmes to enrich skill adaptability and performance functionality. To underline these contentions, three high-performance sport case studies from Australian Football: goalkeeping in Association Football and Rugby League are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian W. Otte
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, Department of Cognitive and Team/Racket Sport Research, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Carl Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Woods CT, Robertson S, Rudd J, Araújo D, Davids K. 'Knowing as we go': a Hunter-Gatherer Behavioural Model to Guide Innovation in Sport Science. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:52. [PMID: 33118044 PMCID: PMC7593373 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Where do novel and innovative ideas in sport science come from? How do researchers and practitioners collectively explore the dynamic landscape of inquiry, problem, solution and application? How do they learn to skilfully navigate from current place and practice toward the next idea located beyond their current vantage point? These questions are not just of philosophical value but are important for understanding how to provide high-quality support for athletes and sport participants at all levels of expertise and performance. Grounded in concepts from social anthropology, and theoretically positioned within an ecological dynamics framework, this opinion piece introduces a hunter-gatherer model of human behaviour based on wayfinding, situating it as a conceptual guide for implementing innovations in sport science. Here, we contend that the embedded knowledge of a landscape that guides a successful hunting and gathering party is germane to the pragmatic abduction needed to promote innovation in sport performance, leading to the inquisition of new questions and ways of resolving performance-preparation challenges. More specifically, exemplified through its transdisciplinarity, we propose that to hunt 'new ideas' and gather translatable knowledge, sport science researchers and practitioners need to wayfind through uncharted regions located in new performance landscapes. It is through this process of navigation where individuals will deepen, enrich and grow current knowledge, 'taking home' new ideas as they find their way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl T Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Rudd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Duarte Araújo
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Keith Davids
- Sport & Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Dalton-Barron N, Whitehead S, Roe G, Cummins C, Beggs C, Jones B. Time to embrace the complexity when analysing GPS data? A systematic review of contextual factors on match running in rugby league. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1161-1180. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1745446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dalton-Barron
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Whitehead
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Gregory Roe
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Bath Rugby, Farleigh House, Farleigh Hungerford, Bath, UK
| | - Cloe Cummins
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- National Rugby League, Australia
| | - Clive Beggs
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Leeds, UK
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Criteria-Based Return to Sport Decision-Making Following Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury: a Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Sports Med 2020; 49:601-619. [PMID: 30747379 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to identify prospective studies that used a criteria-based return to sport (RTS) decision-making process for patients with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) injury. DESIGN Systematic review and narrative synthesis. DATA SOURCES The PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched to 23 November 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies were included if they prospectively applied a criteria-based RTS decision-making process for patients with LAS injury, but were excluded if they merely gathered outcome measures at the RTS time point. Studies were also excluded if patients were recovering from ankle fracture, high ankle sprain, medial ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability or complex ankle injury. RESULTS No studies were identified that used a criteria-based RTS decision-making process for patients with LAS injury. We were unable to conduct a quantitative synthesis or meta-analysis, therefore we provide a narrative synthesis of relevant questionnaires, as well as clinical and functional assessments commonly used in studies retrieved in the search. CONCLUSION There are currently no published evidence-based criteria to inform RTS decisions for patients with an LAS injury. Based on our narrative synthesis, we propose a number of variables that could be used to develop a criteria-based RTS decision paradigm. Future research should aim to reach consensus on these variables and apply them to actual RTS decisions within prospective study designs. Furthermore, we suggest that complex systems theory and the RTS continuum could be used to inform the development of an RTS decision-making paradigm for athletes with LAS injury.
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Richardson H, Collins R, Williams J. Sport science relevance and integration in horseracing: perceptions of UK racehorse trainers. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/cep190003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Whilst equestrian sport science research has expanded over recent years, and technologies to positively impact training and performance have been developed, long-standing traditions and experiential learning in the racing industry still appear to impede the integration of sport science knowledge. This study used semi-structured interviews to investigate the perceptions of eleven national hunt and flat-based racehorse trainers to determine the current status of sport science integration within the racing industry, the perceived barriers to its uptake, and areas where trainers sought further knowledge. Three key higher order themes emerged from the interviews: the current training and monitoring principles for health and fitness of racehorses, trainers’ attitudes toward sport science research, and areas for potential future research and integration of sports science in training. Subjective methods grounded in personal experience were found to form the basis of racehorse training principles, with the application of sport science minimal, namely due to poor integration strategies. Negative connotations arising from a general lack of understanding of the application of knowledge and a scepticism toward adapting already successful principles, as well as pressure from industry stakeholders, appear to create barriers to sport science uptake. Trainers felt a stronger evidence base emphasising performance benefits is needed to overcome these. Where trainers identified areas of research potential, many studies had already been undertaken, highlighting the necessity for effective dissemination strategies to demonstrate how research could apply to industry practice. Increased educational initiatives to showcase technology and improve trainer understanding and application of currently available sport science knowledge is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Richardson
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Collins
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - J.M. Williams
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
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35
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Does Acute Fatigue Negatively Affect Intrinsic Risk Factors of the Lower Extremity Injury Risk Profile? A Systematic and Critical Review. Sports Med 2019; 50:767-784. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vaughan J, Mallett CJ, Davids K, Potrac P, López-Felip MA. Developing Creativity to Enhance Human Potential in Sport: A Wicked Transdisciplinary Challenge. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2090. [PMID: 31572271 PMCID: PMC6753247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of developing creativity to enhance human potential is conceptualized as a multifaceted wicked problem due to the countless interactions between people and environments that constitute human development, athletic skill, and creative moments. To better comprehend the inter-relatedness of ecologies and human behaviors, there have been increasing calls for transdisciplinary approaches and holistic ecological models. In this paper we explore an ecological dynamics rationale for creativity, highlighting the conceptual adjacency of key concepts from transdisciplinarity, dynamic systems theory, ecological psychology and social-cognitive psychology. Our aim is to extend the scope of ecological dynamics and contextualize the application of non-linear pedagogy in sport. Foregrounding the role of sociocultural constraints on creative behaviors, we characterize the athlete-environment system as an ecological niche that arises from, and simultaneously co-creates, a form of life. We elaborate the notion that creative moments, skill and more generally talent in sport, are not traits possessed by individuals alone, but rather can be conceived as properties of the athlete-environment system shaped by changing constraints. This re-conceptualization supports a pedagogical approach predicated on notions of athletes and sports teams as complex adaptive systems. In such systems, continuous non-linear interactions between system components support the exploration of fluent and flexibly creative performance solutions by athletes and sports teams. The implications for practice suggest that cultivating a constellation of constraints can facilitate adaptive exploration of novel affordances (opportunities/invitation for action), fostering creative moments and supporting creative development in athletes. Future models or frameworks for practice contend that pedagogies should emerge from, and evolve in, interaction with the sociocultural context in which practitioners and athletes are embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vaughan
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Research and Development Department, AIK Fotboll, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clifford J Mallett
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Keith Davids
- Skill Acquisition Research Theme, Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Potrac
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maurici A López-Felip
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Team Sports Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barça Innovation Hub, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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On-Ice Measures of External Load in Relation to Match Outcome in Elite Female Ice Hockey. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7070173. [PMID: 31315209 PMCID: PMC6681036 DOI: 10.3390/sports7070173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between select on-ice measures using inertial movement sensors based on match outcome, and to determine changes in player movements across three periods of play. Data were collected during one season of competition in elite female ice hockey players (N = 20). Two-factor mixed effects ANOVAs for each skating position were performed to investigate the differences in match outcome, as well as differences in external load measures during the course of a match. For match outcome, there was a small difference for forwards in explosive ratio (p = 0.02, ES = 0.26) and percentage high force strides (p = 0.04, ES = 0.50). When viewed across three periods of a match, moderate differences were found in skating load (p = 0.01, ES = 0.75), explosive efforts (p = 0.04, ES = 0.63), and explosive ratio (p = 0.002, ES = 0.87) for forwards, and in PlayerLoad (p = 0.01, ES = 0.70), explosive efforts (p = 0.04, ES = 0.63), and explosive ratio (p = 0.01, ES = 0.70) for defense. When examining the relevance to match outcome, external load measures associated with intensity appear to be an important factor among forwards. These results may be helpful for coaches and sport scientists when making decisions pertaining to training and competition strategies.
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Abstract
Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) are among the most common injuries incurred during participation in sport and physical activity, and it is estimated that up to 40% of individuals who experience a first-time LAS will develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Chronic ankle instability is characterized by a patient's being more than 12 months removed from the initial LAS and exhibiting a propensity for recurrent ankle sprains, frequent episodes or perceptions of the ankle giving way, and persistent symptoms such as pain, swelling, limited motion, weakness, and diminished self-reported function. We present an updated model of CAI that aims to synthesize the current understanding of its causes and serves as a framework for the clinical assessment and rehabilitation of patients with LASs or CAI. Our goal was to describe how primary injury to the lateral ankle ligaments from an acute LAS may lead to a collection of interrelated pathomechanical, sensory-perceptual, and motor-behavioral impairments that influence a patient's clinical outcome. With an underpinning of the biopsychosocial model, the concepts of self-organization and perception-action cycles derived from dynamic systems theory and a patient-specific neurosignature, stemming from the Melzack neuromatrix of pain theory, are used to describe these interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Hertel
- Department of * Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Revay O Corbett
- Department of * Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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39
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Venhorst A, Micklewright D, Noakes TD. Perceived Fatigability: Utility of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical Systems Framework to Better Understand the Psychophysiological Regulation of Goal-Directed Exercise Behaviour. Sports Med 2019; 48:2479-2495. [PMID: 30238409 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional framework of perceived fatigability emphasises the need to differentiate between the qualitatively distinct inputs of sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational and cognitive-evaluative processes that shape the perceptual milieu during prolonged endurance exercise. This article reviews the framework's utility to better understand how cause-effect relationships come to be and how perception-action coupling underpins pacing behaviour and performance fatigability. Preliminary evidence supports the hypotheses that perceived strain plays a primary role in trajectory regulation of pacing behaviour, core affect plays a primary and mediatory role in behavioural performance regulation, and the mindset shift associated with an action crisis plays a primary role in the intensity dependent volitional self-regulatory control of conflicting motivational drives. The constructs hypothesised to underpin perceived fatigability are systematically linked, context-dependent, constraint-based, distinguishable and show proportional continuous interdependency. They are further interrelated with dynamic changes in pacing behaviour, performance fatigability and physiological disturbance. Appropriate measurement selections for the subordinate constructs perceived physical strain, perceived mental strain, valence, arousal, action crisis and flow state are discussed. To better understand the non-proportional discontinuous effects of fatigue on discrete shifts in thought states and mindsets, non-linear dynamical systems theory is introduced as an unbiased overarching theory of governing principles in the temporal evolution of complex systems. This provides the opportunity to discuss the bio-psycho-social fatigue phenomenon from a dynamical and holistic perspective. The proposed framework offers a sophisticated alternative to the Gestalt concept of perceived exertion and comprehensively accounts for the psychophysiological processes that determine pacing behaviour and performance. It has the potential to enrich theory development and facilitate a deeper understanding of the psychophysiological regulation of goal-directed exercise behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Venhorst
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa.
| | - Dominic Micklewright
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Timothy D Noakes
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa
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Maneiro R, Casal CA, Ardá A, Losada JL. Application of multivariant decision tree technique in high performance football: The female and male corner kick. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212549. [PMID: 30856199 PMCID: PMC6411156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of multidimensional statistical technique based on decision trees is of recent application in sports science. In the case of football, this technique has not yet been sufficiently proven. The aim of the present study was to search for different success models for the corners in the FIFA World Cup 2014 and FIFA Women's World Cup 2015. For this, the statistical analysis focused on the search for classification models for the different criteria considered (shot, shot between the three posts and goal), based on the creation of different decision trees that allow the most important variables to be identified quickly and efficiently. For this, 1117 corners were collected between the two competitions, performed in 116 international matches. It has been possible to establish multivariate models for the "shot" and "shot between the three posts" criteria, allowing, in some cases, to quadruple the potential for offensive success. On the other hand, we have been able to identify significant differences in the male and female model of execution. These findings suggest the need to continue deepening the study of tactical behavior in women's soccer from a multivariate perspective, and also propose a better optimization of the management and training of this type of actions for both male and female football. In addition, it has allowed to test the decision tree statistical technique in the analysis of high performance football, with satisfactory results and of great relevance in the applied field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Maneiro
- Department of Science of Physical Activity and Sport, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudio A. Casal
- Department of Science of Physical Activity and Sport, Catholic University of Valencia, San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ardá
- Department of Physical and Sport Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Luís Losada
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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The Psychophysiological Determinants of Pacing Behaviour and Performance During Prolonged Endurance Exercise: A Performance Level and Competition Outcome Comparison. Sports Med 2019. [PMID: 29532418 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A three-dimensional framework of centrally regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour emphasised the integration of distinct sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational and cognitive-evaluative dimensions that underpin perceived fatigability. This study aimed to capture the complex interdependencies and temporal dynamics in these processes, their interrelations with observed pacing behaviour, performance and biochemical variables as well as their performance level- and competition outcome-dependent variances. METHODS Twenty-three cyclists of distinct performance level categories engaged in individual and head-to-head competition time trials against a performance-matched opponent. Sensory, affective and cognitive processes were respectively assessed with the constructs perceived physical strain and perceived mental strain, valence and felt arousal underpinning core affect and action crisis characterised by a shift from an implemental to a deliberative mindset. RESULTS Performance level- and competition outcome-dependent variances and differential temporal dynamics in constructs were associated with alterations in pacing behaviour, performance and physiological disturbance. Perceived physical and mental strain were primarily associated with observed pacing behaviour as necessary to align planned behaviour with current physiological state. Valence and arousal were primarily associated with differential responses in performance regulation. The mindset shift associated with an action crisis was primarily associated with non-adaptive, psycho-neuro-endocrinological distress response. CONCLUSION The proposed constructs are interdependent in a nonlinear dynamic fashion, context dependent, constraint based, distinguishable by well-trained cyclists and interrelated with observed pacing behaviour, performance and physiological disturbance. The proposed framework provides a more comprehensive alternative to the Gestalt concept of perceived exertion and more completely accounts for centrally regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour.
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McCosker C, Renshaw I, Greenwood D, Davids K, Gosden E. How performance analysis of elite long jumping can inform representative training design through identification of key constraints on competitive behaviours. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:913-921. [PMID: 30614404 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1564797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Analysing performance in competitive environments enables identification of key constraints which shape behaviours, supporting designs of more representative training and learning environments. In this study, competitive performance of 244 elite level jumpers (male and female) was analysed to identify the impact of candidate individual, environmental and task constraints on performance outcomes. Findings suggested that key constraints shaping behaviours in long jumping were related to: individuals (e.g. particularly intended performance goals of athletes and their impact on future jump performance); performance environments (e.g. strength and direction of wind) and tasks (e.g. requirement for front foot to be behind foul line at take-off board to avoid a foul jump). Results revealed the interconnectedness of competitive performance, highlighting that each jump should not be viewed as a behaviour in isolation, but rather as part of a complex system of connected performance events which contribute to achievement of competitive outcomes. These findings highlight the potential nature of the contribution of performance analysis in competitive performance contexts. They suggest how practitioners could design better training tasks, based on key ecological constraints of competition, to provide athletes with opportunities to explore and exploit functional intentions and movement solutions high in contextual specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McCosker
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,b School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Ian Renshaw
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,b School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Daniel Greenwood
- c Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport , Bruce , Australia
| | - Keith Davids
- d Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - Edward Gosden
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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44
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When Robots Get Bored and Invent Team Sports: A More Suitable Test than the Turing Test? INFORMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/info9050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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45
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Pol R, Hristovski R, Medina D, Balague N. From microscopic to macroscopic sports injuries. Applying the complex dynamic systems approach to sports medicine: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1214-1220. [PMID: 29674346 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of how sports injuries occur in order to improve their prevention is needed for medical, economic, scientific and sports success reasons. This narrative review aims to explain the mechanisms that underlie the occurrence of sports injuries, and an innovative approach for their prevention on the basis of complex dynamic systems approach. First, we explain the multilevel organisation of living systems and how function of the musculoskeletal system may be impaired. Second, we use both, a constraints approach and a connectivity hypothesis to explain why and how the susceptibility to sports injuries may suddenly increase. Constraints acting at multiple levels and timescales replace the static and linear concept of risk factors, and the connectivity hypothesis brings an understanding of how the accumulation of microinjuries creates a macroscopic non-linear effect, that is, how a common motor action may trigger a severe injury. Finally, a recap of practical examples and challenges for the future illustrates how the complex dynamic systems standpoint, changing the way of thinking about sports injuries, offers innovative ideas for improving sports injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafel Pol
- Futbol Club Barcelona. Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, INEFC, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
| | - Daniel Medina
- Futbol Club Barcelona. Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Balague
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, INEFC, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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St Clair Gibson A, Swart J, Tucker R. The interaction of psychological and physiological homeostatic drives and role of general control principles in the regulation of physiological systems, exercise and the fatigue process – The Integrative Governor theory. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 18:25-36. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1321688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. St Clair Gibson
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J. Swart
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Tucker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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