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Foss S, Sakya SA, Aguinagalde L, Lustig M, Shaughnessy J, Cruz AR, Scheepmaker L, Mathiesen L, Ruso-Julve F, Anthi AK, Gjølberg TT, Mester S, Bern M, Evers M, Bratlie DB, Michaelsen TE, Schlothauer T, Sok D, Bhattacharya J, Leusen J, Valerius T, Ram S, Rooijakkers SHM, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Human IgG Fc-engineering for enhanced plasma half-life, mucosal distribution and killing of cancer cells and bacteria. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2007. [PMID: 38453922 PMCID: PMC10920689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal IgG antibodies constitute the fastest growing class of therapeutics. Thus, there is an intense interest to design more potent antibody formats, where long plasma half-life is a commercially competitive differentiator affecting dosing, frequency of administration and thereby potentially patient compliance. Here, we report on an Fc-engineered variant with three amino acid substitutions Q311R/M428E/N434W (REW), that enhances plasma half-life and mucosal distribution, as well as allows for needle-free delivery across respiratory epithelial barriers in human FcRn transgenic mice. In addition, the Fc-engineered variant improves on-target complement-mediated killing of cancer cells as well as both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Hence, this versatile Fc technology should be broadly applicable in antibody design aiming for long-acting prophylactic or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri A Sakya
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leire Aguinagalde
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Lustig
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ana Rita Cruz
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Scheepmaker
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Karen Anthi
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diane B Bratlie
- Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Devin Sok
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Antibody Translational Research Program, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Teranishi-Ikawa Y, Soeda T, Koga H, Yamaguchi K, Kato K, Esaki K, Asanuma K, Funaki M, Ichiki M, Ikuta Y, Ito S, Joyashiki E, Komatsu SI, Muto A, Nishimura K, Okuda M, Sanada H, Sato M, Shibahara N, Wakabayashi T, Yamaguchi K, Matsusaki A, Sampei Z, Shiraiwa H, Konishi H, Kawabe Y, Hattori K, Kitazawa T, Igawa T. A bispecific antibody NXT007 exerts a hemostatic activity in hemophilia A monkeys enough to keep a nonhemophilic state. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:430-440. [PMID: 37940048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emicizumab, a factor (F) VIIIa-function mimetic bispecific antibody (BsAb) to FIXa and FX, has become an indispensable treatment option for people with hemophilia A (PwHA). However, a small proportion of PwHA still experience bleeds even under emicizumab prophylaxis, as observed in the long-term outcomes of clinical studies. A more potent BsAb may be desirable for such patients. OBJECTIVES To identify a potent BsAb to FIXa and FX, NXT007, surpassing emicizumab by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. METHODS New pairs of light chains for emicizumab's heavy chains were screened from phage libraries, and subsequent antibody optimization was performed. For in vitro evaluation, thrombin generation assays were performed with hemophilia A plasma. In vivo hemostatic activity was evaluated in a nonhuman primate model of acquired hemophilia A. RESULTS NXT007 exhibited an in vitro thrombin generation activity comparable to the international standard activity of FVIII (100 IU/dL), much higher than emicizumab, when triggered by tissue factor. NXT007 also demonstrated a potent in vivo hemostatic activity at approximately 30-fold lower plasma concentrations than emicizumab's historical data. In terms of dose shift between NXT007 and emicizumab, the in vitro and in vivo results were concordant. Regarding pharmacokinetics, NXT007 showed lower in vivo clearance than those shown by typical monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that the Fc engineering to enhance FcRn binding worked well. CONCLUSION NXT007, a potent BsAb, was successfully created. Nonclinical results suggest that NXT007 would have a potential to keep a nonhemophilic range of coagulation potential in PwHA or to realize more convenient dosing regimens than emicizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuhiro Soeda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikaru Koga
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Esaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Asanuma
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Funaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mina Ichiki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Ikuta
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Joyashiki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Muto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Nishimura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Momoko Okuda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Sanada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibahara
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsusaki
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotake Shiraiwa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Konishi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Okura Y, Ikawa-Teranishi Y, Mizoroki A, Takahashi N, Tsushima T, Irie M, Harfuddin Z, Miura-Okuda M, Ito S, Nakamura G, Takesue H, Ozono Y, Nishihara M, Yamada K, Gan SW, Hayasaka A, Ishii S, Wakabayashi T, Muraoka M, Nagaya N, Hino H, Nemoto T, Kuramochi T, Torizawa T, Shimada H, Kitazawa T, Okazaki M, Nezu J, Sollid LM, Igawa T. Characterizations of a neutralizing antibody broadly reactive to multiple gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complexes in the context of celiac disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8502. [PMID: 38135691 PMCID: PMC10746718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In human celiac disease (CeD) HLA-DQ2.5 presents gluten peptides to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, thereby instigating immune activation and enteropathy. Targeting HLA-DQ2.5 with neutralizing antibody for treating CeD may be plausible, yet using pan-HLA-DQ antibody risks affecting systemic immunity, while targeting selected gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complex (pHLA-DQ2.5) may be insufficient. Here we generate a TCR-like, neutralizing antibody (DONQ52) that broadly recognizes more than twenty-five distinct gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 through rabbit immunization with multi-epitope gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 and multidimensional optimization. Structural analyses show that the proline-rich and glutamine-rich motif of gluten epitopes critical for pathogenesis is flexibly recognized by multiple tyrosine residues present in the antibody paratope, implicating the mechanisms for the broad reactivity. In HLA-DQ2.5 transgenic mice, DONQ52 demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetics with high subcutaneous bioavailability, and blocks immunity to gluten while not affecting systemic immunity. Our results thus provide a rationale for clinical testing of DONQ52 in CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Okura
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Mizoroki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Machiko Irie
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Ito
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takesue
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Ozono
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Yamada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akira Hayasaka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Muraoka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nishiki Nagaya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hino
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nemoto
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Torizawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Makoto Okazaki
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junichi Nezu
- R&D Portfolio Management Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Sampei Z, Koo CX, Teo FJ, Toh YX, Fukuzawa T, Gan SW, Nambu T, Ho A, Honda K, Igawa T, Ahmed F, Wang CI, Fink K, Nezu J. Complement Activation by an Anti-Dengue/Zika Antibody with Impaired Fcγ Receptor Binding Provides Strong Efficacy and Abrogates Risk of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020036. [PMID: 37218902 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To combat infectious diseases, vaccines are considered the best prophylactic strategy for a wide range of the population, but even when vaccines are effective, the administration of therapeutic antibodies against viruses could provide further treatment options, particularly for vulnerable groups whose immunity against the viruses is compromised. Therapeutic antibodies against dengue are ideally engineered to abrogate binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), which can induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, the Fc effector functions of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been reported to improve post-exposure therapy, while they are dispensable when administered as prophylaxis. Hence, in this report, we investigated the influence of Fc engineering on anti-virus efficacy using the anti-dengue/Zika human antibody SIgN-3C and found it affected the viremia clearance efficacy against dengue in a mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that complement activation through antibody binding to C1q could play a role in anti-dengue efficacy. We also generated a novel Fc variant, which displayed the ability for complement activation but showed very low FcγR binding and an undetectable level of the risk of ADE in a cell-based assay. This Fc engineering approach could make effective and safe anti-virus antibodies against dengue, Zika and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenjiro Sampei
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | | | - Frannie Jiuyi Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Taku Fukuzawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Takeru Nambu
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Adrian Ho
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Kiyofumi Honda
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Fariyal Ahmed
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
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Nishimoto-Kakiuchi A, Sato I, Nakano K, Ohmori H, Kayukawa Y, Tanimura H, Yamamoto S, Sakamoto Y, Nakamura G, Maeda A, Asanuma K, Kato A, Sankai T, Konno R, Yamada-Okabe H. A long-acting anti-IL-8 antibody improves inflammation and fibrosis in endometriosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq5858. [PMID: 36812343 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq5858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments for endometriosis are limited to hormonal agents that can relieve pain but cannot cure the disease. Therefore, the development of a disease-modifying drug for endometriosis is an unmet medical need. By studying human endometriotic samples, we found that the progression of endometriosis was associated with the development of inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, IL-8 expression was highly up-regulated in endometriotic tissues and closely correlated with disease progression. We created a long-acting recycling antibody against IL-8 (AMY109) and evaluated its clinical potency. Because rodents do not produce IL-8 and do not experience menstruation, we analyzed the lesions in cynomolgus monkeys that spontaneously developed endometriosis and in a surgically induced endometriosis monkey model. Both spontaneously developed and surgically induced endometriotic lesions demonstrated pathophysiology that was highly similar to that of human endometriosis. Once-a-month subcutaneous injection of AMY109 to monkeys with surgically induced endometriosis reduced the volume of nodular lesions, lowered the Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine score as modified for monkeys, and ameliorated fibrosis and adhesions. In addition, experiments using cells derived from human endometriosis revealed that AMY109 inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils to endometriotic lesions and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from neutrophils. Thus, AMY109 may represent a disease-modifying therapy for patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nishimoto-Kakiuchi
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8324, Japan
| | - Izumi Sato
- Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8324, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohmori
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8324, Japan
| | - Yoko Kayukawa
- Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tanimura
- Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Sachiya Yamamoto
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sakamoto
- Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- Project and Lifecycle Management Unit, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8324, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Maeda
- Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kentaro Asanuma
- Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sankai
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hisafumi Yamada-Okabe
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8324, Japan.,Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan.,Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
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6
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Haraya K, Tachibana T. Translational Approach for Predicting Human Pharmacokinetics of Engineered Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies with Increased FcRn-Binding Mutations. BioDrugs 2023; 37:99-108. [PMID: 36449140 PMCID: PMC9709760 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, increasing FcRn binding by Fc engineering has become a promising approach for prolonging the half-life of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This study is the first to investigate the optimization of an allometric scaling approach for engineered mAbs based on cynomolgus monkey data to predict human pharmacokinetics. METHODS Linear two-compartmental model parameters (clearance [CL]; volume of distribution in the central compartment [Vc]; inter-compartmental clearance [Q]; volume of distribution in the peripheral compartment [Vp]) after the intravenous (IV) injection of engineered mAbs (M252Y/S254T/T256E or M428L/N434S mutations) in cynomolgus monkeys and humans were collected from published data. We explored the optimal exponent for allometric scaling to predict parameters in humans based on cynomolgus monkey data. Moreover, the plasma concentration-time profile of engineered mAbs after IV injection in humans was predicted using parameters estimated based on an optimized exponent. RESULTS For engineered mAbs, a significant positive correlation between cynomolgus monkeys and humans was observed for CL, but not for other parameters. Whereas conventional exponents (CL: 0.8, Q: 0.75, Vc: 1.0, Vp: 0.95) previously established for normal mAbs showed poor prediction accuracy for CL and Q of engineered mAbs, the newly optimized exponents (CL: 0.55, Q: 0.6, Vc: 0.95, Vp: 0.95) achieved superior predictability for engineered mAbs. Moreover, the optimized exponents accurately predicted plasma mAb concentration-time profiles after IV injection of engineered mAbs in humans. CONCLUSIONS We found that engineered mAbs require specially optimized exponents to accurately predict pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma concentration-time profiles after IV injections in humans based on cynomolgus monkey data. This optimized approach can contribute to a more accurate prediction of human pharmacokinetics in the development of engineered mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Haraya
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
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7
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Haraya K, Tsutsui H, Komori Y, Tachibana T. Recent Advances in Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Prediction of Therapeutic Antibodies Using Modeling and Simulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050508. [PMID: 35631335 PMCID: PMC9145563 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been a promising therapeutic approach for several diseases and a wide variety of mAbs are being evaluated in clinical trials. To accelerate clinical development and improve the probability of success, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) in humans must be predicted before clinical trials can begin. Traditionally, empirical-approach-based PKPD prediction has been applied for a long time. Recently, modeling and simulation (M&S) methods have also become valuable for quantitatively predicting PKPD in humans. Although several models (e.g., the compartment model, Michaelis–Menten model, target-mediated drug disposition model, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic model) have been established and used to predict the PKPD of mAbs in humans, more complex mechanistic models, such as the quantitative systemics pharmacology model, have been recently developed. This review summarizes the recent advances and future direction of M&S-based approaches to the quantitative prediction of human PKPD for mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Haraya
- Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba 412-8513, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Haruka Tsutsui
- Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba 412-8513, Japan;
| | - Yasunori Komori
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba 412-8513, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba 412-8513, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.T.)
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8
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Kuramochi T, Gan SW, Ho AWS, Wang B, Kageji N, Nambu T, Iida S, Okuda-Miura M, Chia WS, Yeo CY, Chen D, Lee WH, Ngoh EZX, Mohd Salleh SN, Wang CI, Igawa T, Shimada H. Comprehensive engineering of a therapeutic neutralizing antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to neutralize escape variants. MAbs 2022; 14:2040350. [PMID: 35293276 PMCID: PMC8932922 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of escape variants of SARS-CoV-2 carrying mutations in the spike protein poses a challenge for therapeutic antibodies. Here, we show that through the comprehensive engineering of the variable region of the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 5A6, the engineered antibody, 5A6CCS1, is able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants that escaped neutralization by the original 5A6 antibody. In addition to the improved affinity against variants, 5A6CCS1 was also optimized to achieve high solubility and low viscosity, enabling a high concentration formulation for subcutaneous injection. In cynomolgus monkeys, 5A6CCS1 showed a long plasma half-life and good subcutaneous bioavailability through engineering of the variable and constant region. These data demonstrate that 5A6CCS1 is a promising antibody for development against SARS-CoV-2 and highlight the importance of antibody engineering as a potential method to counteract escape variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kuramochi
- Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Adrian W S Ho
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Pharmacology Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | | | - Takeru Nambu
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Pharmacokinetics Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Sayaka Iida
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Pharmacokinetics Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Momoko Okuda-Miura
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Wei Shan Chia
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Protein Production Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Chiew Ying Yeo
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Lead Optimization Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Dan Chen
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Lead Optimization Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Pharmacology Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*star), Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Pharmacology Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*star), Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Pharmacology Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*star), Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Pharmacology Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*star), Singapore
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Discovery Pharmacology Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd ., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.,Translational Research Divisio, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Protein Analysis Unit, Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore.,Research Division, Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Synapse, Singapore
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9
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Hori Y, Ohmine K, Katada H, Noguchi Y, Sato K, Nambu T, Adeline LR, Wan GS, Haraya K, Ozeki K, Nanami M, Tachibana T, Sampei Z, Kuramochi T, Nezu J, Hattori K, Igawa T. Elimination of plasma soluble antigen in cynomolgus monkeys by combining pH-dependent antigen binding and novel Fc engineering. MAbs 2022; 14:2068213. [PMID: 35482905 PMCID: PMC9067469 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A conventional antibody targeting a soluble antigen in circulation typically requires a huge dosage and frequent intravenous administration to neutralize the antigen. This is because antigen degradation is reduced by the formation of antigen–antibody immune complexes, which escape from lysosomal degradation using neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling. To address this, we developed an antigen-sweeping antibody that combines pH-dependent antigen binding and Fc engineering to enhance Fc receptor binding. The sweeping antibody actively eliminates the plasma antigens by increasing the cellular uptake of the immune complex and dissociating the antigens in the acidic endosome for degradation. Strong antigen sweeping can reduce the dosage, potentially achieve higher efficacy, and expand the scope of antigen space available for targeting by antibodies. In this study, to further improve the sweeping efficacy, we developed a novel antibody Fc variant by enhancing Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) binding and modulating charge characteristics for increased cellular uptake of the immune complex, together with enhancing FcRn binding for efficient salvage of the antigen-free antibodies. Our Fc variant achieved strong antigen sweeping in cynomolgus monkeys with antibody pharmacokinetics comparable to a wild-type human IgG1 antibody. The positive-charge substitutions enhanced uptake of the immune complex by FcγRIIb-expressing cells in vitro, which was completely inhibited by an anti-FcγRIIb antibody. This suggests that the strong in vivo sweeping efficacy improved by the charge engineering is more likely achieved by FcγRIIb-dependent uptake of the immune complex rather than nonspecific uptake. We expect this novel Fc engineering can maximize the antigen sweeping efficacy even in humans and create novel therapeutic antibodies that meet unmet medical needs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Noguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nanami
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Balevic SJ, Sagcal-Gironella ACP. Precision Medicine: Towards Individualized Dosing in Pediatric Rheumatology. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 48:305-330. [PMID: 34798954 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increase in the number of available therapeutics, many children with rheumatic disease continue to experience active inflammatory disease and treatment failure. One reason for treatment failure is the lack of dosing paradigms to account for the wide between-patient variability in drug pharmacokinetics because of developmental changes or genetic polymorphisms that effect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. This review highlights several strategies to optimize dosing for biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacogenomics, and the use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Balevic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Anna Carmela P Sagcal-Gironella
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA; Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, 30 Prospect Avenue, WFAN 3rd Floor, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA; K. HovnanianChildren's Hospital, Neptune, NJ, USA
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11
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Qi T, Cao Y. In Translation: FcRn across the Therapeutic Spectrum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3048. [PMID: 33802650 PMCID: PMC8002405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential modulator of IgG disposition, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) governs the pharmacokinetics and functions many therapeutic modalities. In this review, we thoroughly reexamine the hitherto elucidated biological and thermodynamic properties of FcRn to provide context for our assessment of more recent advances, which covers antigen-binding fragment (Fab) determinants of FcRn affinity, transgenic preclinical models, and FcRn targeting as an immune-complex (IC)-clearing strategy. We further comment on therapeutic antibodies authorized for treating SARS-CoV-2 (bamlanivimab, casirivimab, and imdevimab) and evaluate their potential to saturate FcRn-mediated recycling. Finally, we discuss modeling and simulation studies that probe the quantitative relationship between in vivo IgG persistence and in vitro FcRn binding, emphasizing the importance of endosomal transit parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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12
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Mackness BC, Jaworski JA, Boudanova E, Park A, Valente D, Mauriac C, Pasquier O, Schmidt T, Kabiri M, Kandira A, Radošević K, Qiu H. Antibody Fc engineering for enhanced neonatal Fc receptor binding and prolonged circulation half-life. MAbs 2019; 11:1276-1288. [PMID: 31216930 PMCID: PMC6748615 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1633883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) promotes antibody recycling through rescue from normal lysosomal degradation. The binding interaction is pH-dependent with high affinity at low pH, but not under physiological pH conditions. Here, we combined rational design and saturation mutagenesis to generate novel antibody variants with prolonged half-life and acceptable development profiles. First, a panel of saturation point mutations was created at 11 key FcRn-interacting sites on the Fc region of an antibody. Multiple variants with slower FcRn dissociation kinetics than the wildtype (WT) antibody at pH 6.0 were successfully identified. The mutations were further combined and characterized for pH-dependent FcRn binding properties, thermal stability and the FcγRIIIa and rheumatoid factor binding. The most promising variants, YD (M252Y/T256D), DQ (T256D/T307Q) and DW (T256D/T307W), exhibited significantly improved binding to FcRn at pH 6.0 and retained similar binding properties as WT at pH 7.4. The pharmacokinetics in human FcRn transgenic mice and cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that these properties translated to significantly prolonged plasma elimination half-life compared to the WT control. The novel variants exhibited thermal stability and binding to FcγRIIIa in the range comparable to clinically validated YTE and LS variants, and showed no enhanced binding to rheumatoid factor compared to the WT control. These engineered Fc mutants are promising new variants that are widely applicable to therapeutic antibodies, to extend their circulation half-life with obvious benefits of increased efficacy, and reduced dose and administration frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Park
- Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huawei Qiu
- Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA
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13
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Baldwin WM, Valujskikh A, Fairchild RL. The neonatal Fc receptor: Key to homeostasic control of IgG and IgG-related biopharmaceuticals. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1881-1887. [PMID: 30903736 PMCID: PMC6591018 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
IgG and albumin are the most abundant proteins in the circulation and have the longest half-lives. These properties are due to a unique receptor, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Although FcRn is named for its function of transferring IgG across the placenta from maternal to fetal circulation, FcRn functions throughout life to maintain IgG and albumin concentrations. FcRn protects IgG and albumin from intracellular degradation and recycles them back into the circulation. Clinical trials have confirmed that pathogenic antibodies can be depleted by blocking this homeostatic function of FcRn. Moreover, understanding the molecular interactions between IgG and FcRn has resulted in the design of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with more efficacious pharmacokinetics. As a result of genetic engineering these monoclonals can be delivered at lower doses and at longer intervals. More recent findings have demonstrated that FcRn enhances phagocytosis by neutrophils, immune complex clearance by podocytes and antigen presentation by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. This minireview highlights the relevance of FcRn to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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14
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Sampei Z, Haraya K, Tachibana T, Fukuzawa T, Shida-Kawazoe M, Gan SW, Shimizu Y, Ruike Y, Feng S, Kuramochi T, Muraoka M, Kitazawa T, Kawabe Y, Igawa T, Hattori K, Nezu J. Antibody engineering to generate SKY59, a long-acting anti-C5 recycling antibody. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209509. [PMID: 30592762 PMCID: PMC6310256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the complement system is a promising strategy in drug discovery for disorders with uncontrolled complement activation. Although some of these disorders can be effectively treated with an antibody that inhibits complement C5, the high plasma concentration of C5 requires a huge dosage and frequent intravenous administration. Moreover, a conventional anti-C5 antibody can cause C5 to accumulate in plasma by reducing C5 clearance when C5 forms an immune complex (IC) with the antibody, which can be salvaged from endosomal vesicles by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling. In order to neutralize the increased C5, an even higher dosage of the antibody would be required. This antigen accumulation can be suppressed by giving the antibody a pH-dependent C5-binding property so that C5 is released from the antibody in the acidic endosome and then trafficked to the lysosome for degradation, while the C5-free antibody returns back to plasma. We recently demonstrated that a pH-dependent C5-binding antibody, SKY59, exhibited long-lasting neutralization of C5 in cynomolgus monkeys, showing potential for subcutaneous delivery or less frequent administration. Here we report the details of the antibody engineering involved in generating SKY59, from humanizing a rabbit antibody to improving the C5-binding property. Moreover, because the pH-dependent C5-binding antibodies that we first generated still accumulated C5, we hypothesized that the surface charges of the ICs partially contributed to a slow uptake rate of the C5–antibody ICs. This idea motivated us to engineer the surface charges of the antibody. Our surface-charge engineered antibody consequently exhibited a high capacity to sweep C5 and suppressed the C5 accumulation in vivo by accelerating the cycle of sweeping: uptake of ICs into cells, release of C5 from the antibody in endosomes, and salvage of the antigen-free antibody. Thus, our engineered anti-C5 antibody, SKY59, is expected to provide significant benefits for patients with complement-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Fukuzawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Meiri Shida-Kawazoe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yoshinao Ruike
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shu Feng
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Masaru Muraoka
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antibodies by antibody engineering. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 34:25-41. [PMID: 30472066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important therapeutic option for several diseases. Since several mAbs have shown promising efficacy in clinic, the competition to develop mAbs has become severe. In efforts to gain a competitive advantage over other mAbs and provide significant benefits to patients, innovations in antibody engineering have aimed at improving the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs. Because engineering can provide therapeutics that are more convenient, safer, and more efficacious for patients in several disease areas, it is an attractive approach to provide significant benefits to patients. Further advances in engineering mAbs to modulate their pharmacokinetics were driven by the increase of total soluble target antigen concentration that is often observed after injecting a mAb, which then requires a high dosage to antagonize. To decrease the required dosage, several antibody engineering techniques have been invented that reduce the total concentration of soluble target antigen. Here, we review the various ways that antibody engineering can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs.
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16
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Wang C, Wu Y, Wang L, Hong B, Jin Y, Hu D, Chen G, Kong Y, Huang A, Hua G, Ying T. Engineered Soluble Monomeric IgG1 Fc with Significantly Decreased Non-Specific Binding. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1545. [PMID: 29181008 PMCID: PMC5693891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the long serum half-life provided by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) recycling, the IgG1 Fc has been pursued as the fusion partner to develop therapeutic Fc-fusion proteins, or as the antibody-derived scaffold that could be engineered with antigen-binding capabilities. In previous studies, we engineered the monomeric Fc by mutating critical residues located on the IgG1 Fc dimerization interface. Comparing with the wild-type dimeric Fc, monomeric Fc might possess substantial advantages conferred by its smaller size, but also suffers the disadvantage of non-specific binding to some unrelated antigens, raising considerable concerns over its potential clinical development. Here, we describe a phage display-based strategy to examine the effects of multiple mutations of IgG1 monomeric Fc and, simultaneously, to identify new Fc monomers with desired properties. Consequently, we identified a novel monomeric Fc that displayed significantly decreased non-specificity. In addition, it exhibited higher thermal stability and comparable pH-dependent FcRn binding to the previous reported monomeric Fc. These results provide baseline to understand the mechanism underlying the generation of soluble IgG1 Fc monomers and warrant the further clinical development of monomeric Fc-based fusion proteins as well as antigen binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Fukuzawa T, Sampei Z, Haraya K, Ruike Y, Shida-Kawazoe M, Shimizu Y, Gan SW, Irie M, Tsuboi Y, Tai H, Sakiyama T, Sakamoto A, Ishii S, Maeda A, Iwayanagi Y, Shibahara N, Shibuya M, Nakamura G, Nambu T, Hayasaka A, Mimoto F, Okura Y, Hori Y, Habu K, Wada M, Miura T, Tachibana T, Honda K, Tsunoda H, Kitazawa T, Kawabe Y, Igawa T, Hattori K, Nezu J. Long lasting neutralization of C5 by SKY59, a novel recycling antibody, is a potential therapy for complement-mediated diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1080. [PMID: 28439081 PMCID: PMC5430875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the complement system is linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of hematological disorders. Eculizumab, an anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody, is the current standard of care for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). However, because of high levels of C5 in plasma, eculizumab has to be administered biweekly by intravenous infusion. By applying recycling technology through pH-dependent binding to C5, we generated a novel humanized antibody against C5, SKY59, which has long-lasting neutralization of C5. In cynomolgus monkeys, SKY59 suppressed C5 function and complement activity for a significantly longer duration compared to a conventional antibody. Furthermore, epitope mapping by X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that a histidine cluster located on C5 is crucial for the pH-dependent interaction with SKY59. This indicates that the recycling effect of SKY59 is driven by a novel mechanism of interaction with its antigen and is distinct from other known pH-dependent antibodies. Finally, SKY59 showed neutralizing effect on C5 variant p.Arg885His, while eculizumab does not inhibit complement activity in patients carrying this mutation. Collectively, these results suggest that SKY59 is a promising new anti-C5 agent for patients with PNH and other complement-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fukuzawa
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yoshinao Ruike
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Meiri Shida-Kawazoe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Machiko Irie
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsuboi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tai
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakiyama
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakamoto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Maeda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwayanagi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibahara
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Shibuya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeru Nambu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Hayasaka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Futa Mimoto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuu Okura
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yuji Hori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Habu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Wada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Honda
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Tsunoda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore.
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