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Foss S, Sakya SA, Aguinagalde L, Lustig M, Shaughnessy J, Cruz AR, Scheepmaker L, Mathiesen L, Ruso-Julve F, Anthi AK, Gjølberg TT, Mester S, Bern M, Evers M, Bratlie DB, Michaelsen TE, Schlothauer T, Sok D, Bhattacharya J, Leusen J, Valerius T, Ram S, Rooijakkers SHM, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Human IgG Fc-engineering for enhanced plasma half-life, mucosal distribution and killing of cancer cells and bacteria. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2007. [PMID: 38453922 PMCID: PMC10920689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal IgG antibodies constitute the fastest growing class of therapeutics. Thus, there is an intense interest to design more potent antibody formats, where long plasma half-life is a commercially competitive differentiator affecting dosing, frequency of administration and thereby potentially patient compliance. Here, we report on an Fc-engineered variant with three amino acid substitutions Q311R/M428E/N434W (REW), that enhances plasma half-life and mucosal distribution, as well as allows for needle-free delivery across respiratory epithelial barriers in human FcRn transgenic mice. In addition, the Fc-engineered variant improves on-target complement-mediated killing of cancer cells as well as both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Hence, this versatile Fc technology should be broadly applicable in antibody design aiming for long-acting prophylactic or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri A Sakya
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leire Aguinagalde
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Lustig
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ana Rita Cruz
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Scheepmaker
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Karen Anthi
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diane B Bratlie
- Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Devin Sok
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Antibody Translational Research Program, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Weiss MA, Herbst A, Schlegel J, Dannegger T, Evers M, Donges A, Nakajima M, Leitenstorfer A, Goennenwein STB, Nowak U, Kurihara T. Discovery of ultrafast spontaneous spin switching in an antiferromagnet by femtosecond noise correlation spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7651. [PMID: 38030606 PMCID: PMC10687256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their high magnon frequencies, antiferromagnets are key materials for future high-speed spintronics. Picosecond switching of antiferromagnetic spin systems has been viewed a milestone for decades and pursued only by using ultrafast external perturbations. Here, we show that picosecond spin switching occurs spontaneously due to thermal fluctuations in the antiferromagnetic orthoferrite Sm0.7Er0.3FeO3. By analysing the correlation between the pulse-to-pulse polarisation fluctuations of two femtosecond optical probes, we extract the autocorrelation of incoherent magnon fluctuations. We observe a strong enhancement of the magnon fluctuation amplitude and the coherence time around the critical temperature of the spin reorientation transition. The spectrum shows two distinct features, one corresponding to the quasi-ferromagnetic mode and another one which has not been previously reported in pump-probe experiments. Comparison to a stochastic spin dynamics simulation reveals this new mode as smoking gun of ultrafast spontaneous spin switching within the double-well anisotropy potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Weiss
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Herbst
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - J Schlegel
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - T Dannegger
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Donges
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Nakajima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Leitenstorfer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - S T B Goennenwein
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - U Nowak
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - T Kurihara
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 277-8581, Kashiwa, Japan.
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3
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Stip MC, Jansen JHM, Nederend M, Tsioumpekou M, Evers M, Olofsen PA, Meyer-Wentrup F, Leusen JHW. Characterization of human Fc alpha receptor transgenic mice: comparison of CD89 expression and antibody-dependent tumor killing between mouse strains. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3063-3077. [PMID: 37338671 PMCID: PMC10412663 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Since mice do not express a homologue of the human Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI or CD89), a transgenic mouse model was generated in four different backgrounds (C57BL/6, BALB/c, SCID and NXG) expressing the FcαRI under the endogenous human promoter. In this study, we describe previously unknown characteristics of this model, such as the integration site of the FCAR gene, the CD89 expression pattern in healthy male and female mice and in tumor-bearing mice, expression of myeloid activation markers and FcγRs and IgA/CD89-mediated tumor killing capacity. In all mouse strains, CD89 expression is highest in neutrophils, intermediate on other myeloid cells such as eosinophils and DC subsets and inducible on, among others, monocytes, macrophages and Kupffer cells. CD89 expression levels are highest in BALB/c and SCID, lower in C57BL/6 and lowest in NXG mice. Additionally, CD89 expression on myeloid cells is increased in tumor-bearing mice across all mouse strains. Using Targeted Locus Amplification, we determined that the hCD89 transgene has integrated in chromosome 4. Furthermore, we established that wildtype and hCD89 transgenic mice have a similar composition and phenotype of immune cells. Finally, IgA-mediated killing of tumor cells is most potent with neutrophils from BALB/c and C57BL/6 and less with neutrophils from SCID and NXG mice. However, when effector cells from whole blood are used, SCID and BALB/c are most efficient, since these strains have a much higher number of neutrophils. Overall, hCD89 transgenic mice provide a very powerful model to test the efficacy of IgA immunotherapy against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein C Stip
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Tsioumpekou
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Olofsen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Meyer-Wentrup
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Stip MC, Evers M, Nederend M, Chan C, Reiding KR, Damen MJ, Heck AJR, Koustoulidou S, Ramakers R, Krijger GC, de Roos R, Souteyrand E, Cornel AM, Dierselhuis MP, Jansen M, de Boer M, Valerius T, van Tetering G, Leusen JHW, Meyer-Wentrup F. IgA antibody immunotherapy targeting GD2 is effective in preclinical neuroblastoma models. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006948. [PMID: 37479484 PMCID: PMC10364159 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy targeting GD2 is very effective against high-risk neuroblastoma, though administration of anti-GD2 antibodies induces severe and dose-limiting neuropathic pain by binding GD2-expressing sensory neurons. Previously, the IgG1 ch14.18 (dinutuximab) antibody was reformatted into the IgA1 isotype, which abolishes neuropathic pain and induces efficient neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via activation of the Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI/CD89). METHODS To generate an antibody suitable for clinical application, we engineered an IgA molecule (named IgA3.0 ch14.18) with increased stability, mutated glycosylation sites and substituted free (reactive) cysteines. The following mutations were introduced: N45.2G and P124R (CH1 domain), C92S, N120T, I121L and T122S (CH2 domain) and a deletion of the tail piece P131-Y148 (CH3 domain). IgA3.0 ch14.18 was evaluated in binding assays and in ADCC and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assays with human, neuroblastoma patient and non-human primate effector cells. We performed mass spectrometry analysis of N-glycans and evaluated the impact of altered glycosylation in IgA3.0 ch14.18 on antibody half-life by performing pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in mice injected intravenously with 5 mg/kg antibody solution. A dose escalation study was performed to determine in vivo efficacy of IgA3.0 ch14.18 in an intraperitoneal mouse model using 9464D-GD2 neuroblastoma cells as well as in a subcutaneous human xenograft model using IMR32 neuroblastoma cells. Binding assays and PK studies were compared with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), ADCC and ADCP assays and in vivo tumor outgrowth with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS ADCC and ADCP assays showed that particularly neutrophils and macrophages from healthy donors, non-human primates and patients with neuroblastoma are able to kill neuroblastoma tumor cells efficiently with IgA3.0 ch14.18. IgA3.0 ch14.18 contains a more favorable glycosylation pattern, corresponding to an increased antibody half-life in mice compared with IgA1 and IgA2. Furthermore, IgA3.0 ch14.18 penetrates neuroblastoma tumors in vivo and halts tumor outgrowth in both 9464D-GD2 and IMR32 long-term tumor models. CONCLUSIONS IgA3.0 ch14.18 is a promising new therapy for neuroblastoma, showing (1) increased half-life compared to natural IgA antibodies, (2) increased protein stability enabling effortless production and purification, (3) potent CD89-mediated tumor killing in vitro by healthy subjects and patients with neuroblastoma and (4) antitumor efficacy in long-term mouse neuroblastoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein C Stip
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chilam Chan
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Remmert de Roos
- Radionuclide Pharmacy, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Souteyrand
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelisa M Cornel
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark de Boer
- De Boer Biotech Consultancy B.V, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Geert van Tetering
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Langerak AJ, Regterschot GRH, Selles RW, Meskers CGM, Evers M, Ribbers GM, van Beijnum BJF, Bussmann JBJ. Requirements for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation using wearable motion sensors for stroke patients: a user-centred approach. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36905631 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2183993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telerehabilitation systems have the potential to enable therapists to monitor and assist stroke patients in achieving high-intensity upper extremity exercise in the home environment. We adopted an iterative user-centred approach, including multiple data sources and meetings with end-users and stakeholders to define the user requirements for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation using wearable motion sensors for subacute stroke patients. METHODS We performed a requirement analysis consisting of the following steps: 1) context & groundwork; 2) eliciting requirements; 3) modelling & analysis; 4) agreeing requirements. During these steps, a pragmatic literature search, interviews and focus groups with stroke patients, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were performed. The results were systematically analysed and prioritised into "must-haves", "should-haves", and "could-haves". RESULTS We formulated 33 functional requirements: eighteen must-have requirements related to blended care (2), exercise principles (7), exercise delivery (3), exercise evaluation (4), and usability (2); ten should-haves; and five could-haves. Six movement components, including twelve exercises and five combination exercises, are required. For each exercise, appropriate exercise measures were defined. CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of functional requirements, required exercises, and required exercise measures for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation using wearable motion sensors for stroke patients, which can be used to develop home-based upper extremity rehabilitation interventions. Moreover, the comprehensive and systematic requirement analysis used in this study can be applied by other researchers and developers when extracting requirements for designing a system or intervention in a medical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Langerak
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G R H Regterschot
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R W Selles
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Evers
- Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M Ribbers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J F van Beijnum
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J B J Bussmann
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Goldman RD, Hart RJ, Bone JN, Seiler M, Olson PG, Keitel K, Manzano S, Gualco G, Krupik D, Schroter S, Weigert RM, Chung S, Thompson GC, Muhammad N, Shah P, Gaucher NO, Hou M, Griffiths J, Lunoe MM, Evers M, Pharisa Rochat C, Nelson CE, Gal M, Baumer-Mouradian SH. Willingness to vaccinate children against COVID-19 declined during the pandemic. Vaccine 2023; 41:2495-2502. [PMID: 36889992 PMCID: PMC9977620 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the level of vaccine hesitancy in caregivers' of children younger than 12 years of age over the course of the pandemic in Pediatric Emergency Departments (ED). Study design Ongoing multicenter, cross-sectional survey of caregivers presenting to 19 pediatric EDs in the USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland during first months of the pandemic (phase1), when vaccines were approved for adults (phase2) and most recently when vaccines were approved for children (phase3). RESULTS Willingness to vaccinate rate declined over the study period (59.7%, 56.1% and 52.1% in the three phases). Caregivers who are fully vaccinated, who have higher education, and those worried their child had COVID-19 upon arrival to the ED, were more likely to plan to vaccinate in all three phases. Mothers were less likely to vaccinate early in the pandemic, but this hesitancy attenuated in later phases. Older caregivers were more willing to vaccinate, and caregivers of older children were less likely to vaccinate their children in phase 3. During the last phase, willingness to vaccinate was lowest in those who had a primary care provider but did not rely on their advice for medical decisions (34%). Those with no primary care provider and those who do and rely on their medical advice, had similar rates of willingness to vaccinate (55.1% and 52.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is widespread and growing over time, and public health measures should further try to leverage identified factors associated with hesitancy in order to enhance vaccination rates among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Goldman
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - R J Hart
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J N Bone
- Research Informatics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Seiler
- Emergency Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P G Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Keitel
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Manzano
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gualco
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Pediatric Institute of Italian part of Switzerland, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - D Krupik
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Ziv Medical Center, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - S Schroter
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R M Weigert
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Chung
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - G C Thompson
- Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Muhammad
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - P Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - N O Gaucher
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Ch Cote Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Hou
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Griffiths
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M M Lunoe
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Evers
- Division of Pediatric Pediatric Emergency Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Pharisa Rochat
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - C E Nelson
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - M Gal
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Tauchert SR, Volkov M, Ehberger D, Kazenwadel D, Evers M, Lange H, Donges A, Book A, Kreuzpaintner W, Nowak U, Baum P. Polarized phonons carry angular momentum in ultrafast demagnetization. Nature 2022; 602:73-77. [PMID: 35110761 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and indispensable for modern science and technology, but it is notoriously difficult to change the magnetic order of a material in a rapid way. However, if a thin nickel film is subjected to ultrashort laser pulses, it loses its magnetic order almost completely within femtosecond timescales1. This phenomenon is widespread2-7 and offers opportunities for rapid information processing8-11 or ultrafast spintronics at frequencies approaching those of light8,9,12. Consequently, the physics of ultrafast demagnetization is central to modern materials research1-7,13-28, but a crucial question has remained elusive: if a material loses its magnetization within mere femtoseconds, where is the missing angular momentum in such a short time? Here we use ultrafast electron diffraction to reveal in nickel an almost instantaneous, long-lasting, non-equilibrium population of anisotropic high-frequency phonons that appear within 150-750 fs. The anisotropy plane is perpendicular to the direction of the initial magnetization and the atomic oscillation amplitude is 2 pm. We explain these observations by means of circularly polarized phonons that quickly absorb the angular momentum of the spin system before macroscopic sample rotation. The time that is needed for demagnetization is related to the time it takes to accelerate the atoms. These results provide an atomistic picture of the Einstein-de Haas effect and signify the general importance of polarized phonons for non-equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Tauchert
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M Volkov
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - D Ehberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - D Kazenwadel
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - H Lange
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Donges
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Book
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, Garching, Germany
| | - W Kreuzpaintner
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, Garching, Germany.,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - U Nowak
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - P Baum
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany. .,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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8
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Pietersz KL, Pouw S, Klima J, Ellederova Z, Bohuslavova B, Chrastina J, Liscak R, Urgosik D, Starek Z, Crha M, Lewis O, Wooley M, Johnson D, Brouwers CC, Evers M, Motlik J, Martens GJM, Konstantinova PS, Blits B. Transduction profiles in minipig following MRI guided delivery of AAV-5 into thalamic and corona radiata areas. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 365:109382. [PMID: 34637809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a step towards clinical use of AAV-mediated gene therapy, brains of large animals are used to settle delivery parameters as most brain connections, and relative sizes in large animals and primates, are reasonably common. Prior to application in the clinic, approaches that have shown to be successful in rodent models are tested in larger animal species, such as dogs, non-human primates, and in this case, minipigs. NEW METHOD We evaluated alternate delivery routes to target the basal ganglia by injections into the more superficial corona radiata, and, deeper into the brain, the thalamus. Anatomically known connections can be used to predict the expression of the transgene following infusion of AAV5. For optimal control over delivery of the vector with regards to anatomical location in the brain and spread in the tissue, we have used magnetic resonance image-guided convection-enhanced diffusion delivery. RESULTS While the transduction of the cortex was observed, only partial transduction of the basal ganglia was achieved via the corona radiata. Thalamic administration, on the other hand, resulted in widespread transduction from the midbrain to the frontal cortex COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Compared to other methods, such as delivery directly to the striatum, thalamic injection may provide an alternative when for instance, injection into the basal ganglia directly is not feasible. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that thalamic administration of AAV5 has significant potential for indications where the transduction of specific areas of the brain is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Pietersz
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Pouw
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Klima
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Z Ellederova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - B Bohuslavova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - J Chrastina
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Liscak
- Department of Stereotactic Radioneurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Urgosik
- Department of Stereotactic Radioneurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Starek
- Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, St.' Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Crha
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Lewis
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions (RNS) ltd, Renishaw plc, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - M Wooley
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions (RNS) ltd, Renishaw plc, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - D Johnson
- Renishaw Neuro Solutions (RNS) ltd, Renishaw plc, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - C C Brouwers
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Evers
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - G J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P S Konstantinova
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Blits
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Evers M, Stip M, Keller K, Willemen H, Nederend M, Jansen M, Chan C, Budding K, Nierkens S, Valerius T, Meyer-Wentrup F, Eijkelkamp N, Leusen J. Anti-GD2 IgA kills tumors by neutrophils without antibody-associated pain in the preclinical treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003163. [PMID: 34716207 PMCID: PMC8559241 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The addition of monoclonal antibody therapy against GD2 to the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma led to improved responses in patients. Nevertheless, administration of GD2 antibodies against neuroblastoma is associated with therapy-limiting neuropathic pain. This severe pain is evoked at least partially through complement activation on GD2-expressing sensory neurons. Methods To reduce pain while maintaining antitumor activity, we have reformatted the approved GD2 antibody ch14.18 into the IgA1 isotype. This novel reformatted IgA is unable to activate the complement system but efficiently activates leukocytes through the FcαRI (CD89). Results IgA GD2 did not activate the complement system in vitro nor induced pain in mice. Importantly, neutrophil-mediated killing of neuroblastoma cells is enhanced with IgA in comparison to IgG, resulting in efficient tumoricidal capacity of the antibody in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results indicate that employing IgA GD2 as a novel isotype has two major benefits: it halts antibody-induced excruciating pain and improves neutrophil-mediated lysis of neuroblastoma. Thus, we postulate that patients with high-risk neuroblastoma would strongly benefit from IgA GD2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Stip
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaylee Keller
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Willemen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chilam Chan
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Budding
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Meyer-Wentrup
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Findlay S, Okoro U, Lee S, Harland K, Evers M, Dang E, McCormick M, Buresh C. 63 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Determinants of Health on Patients in a Rural Academic Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8335536 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Evers M, Ten Broeke T, Jansen JHM, Nederend M, Hamdan F, Reiding KR, Meyer S, Moerer P, Brinkman I, Rösner T, Lebbink RJ, Valerius T, Leusen JHW. Novel chimerized IgA CD20 antibodies: Improving neutrophil activation against CD20-positive malignancies. MAbs 2021; 12:1795505. [PMID: 32744145 PMCID: PMC7531568 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1795505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current combination therapies elicit high response rates in B cell malignancies, often using CD20 antibodies as the backbone of therapy. However, many patients eventually relapse or develop progressive disease. Therefore, novel CD20 antibodies combining multiple effector mechanisms were generated. To study whether neutrophil-mediated destruction of B cell malignancies can be added to the arsenal of effector mechanisms, we chimerized a panel of five previously described murine CD20 antibodies to the human IgG1, IgA1 and IgA2 isotype. Of this panel, we assessed in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and direct cell death induction capacity and studied the efficacy in two different in vivo mouse models. IgA antibodies outperformed IgG1 antibodies in neutrophil-mediated killing in vitro, both against CD20-expressing cell lines and primary patient material. In these assays, we observed loss of CD19 with both IgA and IgG antibodies. Therefore, we established a novel method to improve the assessment of B-cell depletion by CD20 antibodies by including CD24 as a stable cell marker. Subsequently, we demonstrated that only IgA antibodies were able to reduce B cell numbers in this context. Additionally, IgA antibodies showed efficacy in both an intraperitoneal tumor model with EL4 cells expressing huCD20 and in an adoptive transfer model with huCD20-expressing B cells. Taken together, we show that IgA, like IgG, can induce ADCC and CDC, but additionally triggers neutrophils to kill (malignant) B cells. We conclude that antibodies of the IgA isotype offer an attractive repertoire of effector mechanisms for the treatment of CD20-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Toine Ten Broeke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Firas Hamdan
- Drug Research Program ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Petra Moerer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Brinkman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Mester S, Evers M, Meyer S, Nilsen J, Greiff V, Sandlie I, Leusen J, Andersen JT. Extended plasma half-life of albumin-binding domain fused human IgA upon pH-dependent albumin engagement of human FcRn in vitro and in vivo. MAbs 2021; 13:1893888. [PMID: 33691596 PMCID: PMC7954421 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1893888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has a serum half-life of 3 weeks in humans. This feature can be used to improve the pharmacokinetics of shorter-lived biologics. For instance, an albumin-binding domain (ABD) can be used to recruit albumin. A prerequisite for such design is that the ABD-albumin interaction does not interfere with pH-dependent binding of albumin to the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), as FcRn acts as the principal regulator of the half-life of albumin. Thus, there is a need to know how ABDs act in the context of fusion partners and human FcRn. Here, we studied the binding and transport properties of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), fused to a Streptococcus protein G-derived engineered ABD, in in vitro and in vivo systems harboring human FcRn. IgA has great potential as a therapeutic protein, but its short half-life is a major drawback. We demonstrate that ABD-fused IgA1 binds human FcRn pH-dependently and is rescued from cellular degradation in a receptor-specific manner in the presence of albumin. This occurs when ABD is fused to either the light or the heavy chain. In human FcRn transgenic mice, IgA1-ABD in complex with human albumin, gave 4-6-fold extended half-life compared to unmodified IgA1, where the light chain fusion showed the longest half-life. When the heavy chain-fused protein was pre-incubated with an engineered human albumin with improved FcRn binding, cellular rescue and half-life was further enhanced. Our study reveals how an ABD, which does not interfere with albumin binding to human FcRn, may be used to extend the half-life of IgA. Abbreviations: ABD - Albumin binding domain, ADA – anti-drug-antibodies, ADCC - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ELISA - Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay, FcαRI - Fcα receptor, FcγR - Fcγ receptor, FcRn - The neonatal Fc receptor, GST - Glutathione S-transferase, HC - Heavy chain, HERA - Human endothelial cell-based recycling assay, Her2 - Human epidermal growth factor 2, HMEC - Human microvascular endothelial cells, IgG - Immunoglobulin G, IgA - Immunoglobulin A, LC - Light chain, QMP - E505Q/T527M/K573P, WT - Wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Casper MJ, Glahn J, Evers M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Kositratna G, Birngruber R, Hüttmann G, Manstein D. Capillary Refill-The Key to Assessing Dermal Capillary Capacity and Pathology in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:653-658. [PMID: 31755127 PMCID: PMC7496142 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Standard optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been limited to imaging blood vessels actively undergoing perfusion, providing a temporary picture of surface microvasculature. Capillary perfusion in the skin is dynamic and changes in response to the surrounding tissue's respiratory, nutritional, and thermoregulatory needs. Hence, OCTA often represents a given perfusion state without depicting the actual extent of the vascular network. Here we present a method for obtaining a more accurate anatomic representation of the surface capillary network in human skin using OCTA, along with proposing a new parameter, the Relative Capillary Capacity (RCC), a quantifiable proxy for assessing capillary dilation potential and permeability. Methods OCTA images were captured at baseline and after compression of the skin. Baseline images display ambient capillary perfusion, while images taken upon capillary refill display the network of existing capillaries at full capacity. An optimization‐based automated vessel segmentation method was used to automatically analyze and compare OCTA image sequences obtained from two volunteers. RCC was then compared with visual impressions of capillary viability. Results Our OCTA imaging sequence provides a method for mapping cutaneous capillary networks independent of ambient perfusion. Differences between baseline and refill images clearly demonstrate the shortcomings of standard OCTA imaging and produce the RCC biometric as a quantifiable proxy for assessing capillary dilation potential and permeability. Conclusion Future dermatological OCTA diagnostic studies should implement the Capillary Refill Methods over standard imaging techniques and further explore the relevance of RCC to differential diagnosis and dermatopathology. Lasers Surg. Med. © The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Casper
- Harvard Medical School, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - J Glahn
- Harvard Medical School, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - M Evers
- Harvard Medical School, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - H Schulz-Hildebrandt
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - G Kositratna
- Harvard Medical School, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - R Birngruber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - G Hüttmann
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - D Manstein
- Harvard Medical School, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129
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14
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Brandsma AM, Bondza S, Evers M, Koutstaal R, Nederend M, Jansen JHM, Rösner T, Valerius T, Leusen JHW, Ten Broeke T. Potent Fc Receptor Signaling by IgA Leads to Superior Killing of Cancer Cells by Neutrophils Compared to IgG. Front Immunol 2019; 10:704. [PMID: 31031746 PMCID: PMC6470253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy of cancer is increasingly used in the clinic and has improved patient's life expectancy. Except for immune checkpoint inhibition, the mode of action of many antibodies is to recognize overexpressed or specific tumor antigens and initiate either direct F(ab′)2-mediated tumor cell killing, or Fc-mediated effects such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC/P) after binding to activating Fc receptors. All antibodies used in the clinic are of the IgG isotype. The IgA isotype can, however, also elicit powerful anti-tumor responses through engagement of the activating Fc receptor for monomeric IgA (FcαRI). In addition to monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils as FcαRI expressing immune cells, neutrophils are especially vigorous in eliminating IgA opsonized tumor cells. However, with IgG as single agent it appears almost impossible to activate neutrophils efficiently, as we have visualized by live cell imaging of tumor cell killing. In this study, we investigated Fc receptor expression, binding and signaling to clarify why triggering of neutrophils by IgA is more efficient than by IgG. FcαRI expression on neutrophils is ~2 times and ~20 times lower than that of Fcγ receptors FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb, but still, binding of neutrophils to IgA- or IgG-coated surfaces was similar. In addition, our data suggest that IgA-mediated binding of neutrophils is more stable compared to IgG. IgA engagement of neutrophils elicited stronger Fc receptor signaling than IgG as indicated by measuring the p-ERK signaling molecule. We propose that the higher stoichiometry of IgA to the FcαR/FcRγ-chain complex, activating four ITAMs (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activating Motifs) compared to a single ITAM for FcγRIIa, combined with a possible decoy role of the highly expressed FcγRIIIb, explains why IgA is much better than IgG at triggering tumor cell killing by neutrophils. We anticipate that harnessing the vast population of neutrophils by the use of IgA monoclonal antibodies can be a valuable addition to the growing arsenal of antibody-based therapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne M Brandsma
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sina Bondza
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosanne Koutstaal
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Toine Ten Broeke
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Evers M, Kruse E, Hamdan F, Lebbink RJ, Leusen JHW. Comment on "Type I CD20 Antibodies Recruit the B Cell Receptor for Complement-Dependent Lysis of Malignant B Cells". J Immunol 2019; 200:2515-2516. [PMID: 29632250 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Kruse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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16
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Rösner T, Kahle S, Montenegro F, Matlung HL, Jansen JHM, Evers M, Beurskens F, Leusen JHW, van den Berg TK, Valerius T. Immune Effector Functions of Human IgG2 Antibodies against EGFR. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:75-88. [PMID: 30282813 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three FDA-approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab) are clinically available to treat patients with different types of cancers. Interestingly, panitumumab is of human IgG2 isotype, which is often considered to have limited immune effector functions. Unexpectedly, our studies unraveled that human IgG2 antibodies against EGFR mediated effective CDC when combined with another noncross-blocking EGFR antibody. This second antibody could be of human IgG1 or IgG2 isotype. Furthermore, EGFR antibodies of human IgG2 isotype were highly potent in recruiting myeloid effector cells such as M1 macrophages and PMN for tumor cell killing by ADCC. Tumor cell killing by PMN was more effective with IgG2 than with IgG1 antibodies if tumor cells expressed lower levels of EGFR. Additionally, lower expression levels of the "don't eat me" molecule CD47 on tumor cells enabled ADCC also by M2 macrophages, and improved PMN and macrophage-mediated ADCC. A TCGA enquiry revealed broadly varying CD47 expression levels across different solid tumor types. Together, these results demonstrate that human IgG2 antibodies against EGFR can promote significant Fc-mediated effector functions, which may contribute to their clinical efficacy. The future challenge will be to identify clinical situations in which myeloid effector cells can optimally contribute to antibody efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Rösner
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Kahle
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Montenegro
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Margot Jak
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. H. W. Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Meyer S, Evers M, Jansen JHM, Buijs J, Broek B, Reitsma SE, Moerer P, Amini M, Kretschmer A, Ten Broeke T, den Hartog MT, Rijke M, Klein C, Valerius T, Boross P, Leusen JHW. New insights in Type I and II CD20 antibody mechanisms-of-action with a panel of novel CD20 antibodies. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:808-820. [PMID: 29468712 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on their mechanisms-of-action, CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are grouped into Type I [complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)] and Type II [programmed cell death (PCD) and ADCC] mAbs. We generated 17 new hybridomas producing CD20 mAbs of different isotypes and determined unique heavy and light chain sequence pairs for 13 of them. We studied their epitope binding, binding kinetics and structural properties and investigated their predictive value for effector functions, i.e. PCD, CDC and ADCC. Peptide mapping and CD20 mutant screens revealed that 10 out of these 11 new mAbs have an overlapping epitope with the prototypic Type I mAb rituximab, albeit that distinct amino acids of the CD20 molecule contributed differently. Binding kinetics did not correlate with the striking differences in CDC activity among the mIgG2c mAbs. Interestingly, chimerization of mAb m1 resulted in a mAb displaying both Type I and II characteristics. PCD induction was lost upon introduction of a mutation in the framework of the heavy chain affecting the elbow angle, supporting that structural changes within this region can affect functional activities of CD20 mAbs. Together, these new CD20 mAbs provide further insights in the properties dictating the functional efficacy of CD20 mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Meyer
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Buijs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Blanca Broek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie E Reitsma
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Moerer
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Kretschmer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Toine Ten Broeke
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Boross
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Teekamp N, Van Dijk F, Broesder A, Evers M, Zuidema J, Steendam R, Post E, Hillebrands J, Frijlink H, Poelstra K, Beljaars L, Olinga P, Hinrichs W. Polymeric microspheres for the sustained release of a protein-based drug carrier targeting the PDGFβ-receptor in the fibrotic kidney. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:229-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Evers M, van Velsen LS, Vollenbroek Hutten MMR, Boerema ST, Hermens HJ. What motivates older employees to be physically active at work? Using the Experience Sampling Method. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Soetanto R, Hynes CJ, Patel HR, Humphreys DT, Evers M, Duan G, Parker BJ, Archer SK, Clancy JL, Graham RM, Beilharz TH, Smith NJ, Preiss T. Role of miRNAs and alternative mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of their mRNA targets in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1859:744-56. [PMID: 27032571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs play critical roles in heart disease. In addition to differential miRNA expression, miRNA-mediated control is also affected by variable miRNA processing or alternative 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) of their mRNA targets. To what extent these phenomena play a role in the heart remains unclear. We sought to explore miRNA processing and mRNA APA in cardiomyocytes, and whether these change during cardiac hypertrophy. Thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) was performed to induce hypertrophy in C57BL/6J mice. RNA extracted from cardiomyocytes of sham-treated, pre-hypertrophic (2 days post-TAC), and hypertrophic (7 days post-TAC) mice was subjected to small RNA- and poly(A)-test sequencing (PAT-Seq). Differential expression analysis matched expectations; nevertheless we identified ~400 mRNAs and hundreds of noncoding RNA loci as altered with hypertrophy for the first time. Although multiple processing variants were observed for many miRNAs, there was little change in their relative proportions during hypertrophy. PAT-Seq mapped ~48,000 mRNA 3'-ends, identifying novel 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) for over 7000 genes. Importantly, hypertrophy was associated with marked changes in APA with a net shift from distal to more proximal mRNA 3'-ends, which is predicted to decrease overall miRNA repression strength. We independently validated several examples of 3'UTR proportion change and showed that alternative 3'UTRs associate with differences in mRNA translation. Our work suggests that APA contributes to altered gene expression with the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and provides a rich resource for a systems-level understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation in physiological and pathological states of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soetanto
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - C J Hynes
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - H R Patel
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - D T Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - M Evers
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - G Duan
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - B J Parker
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - S K Archer
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - J L Clancy
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - R M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - T H Beilharz
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - N J Smith
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - T Preiss
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
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Jeung D, Williams E, Hinde DJ, Dasgupta M, du Rietz R, Evers M, Lin C, Luong D, Simenel C, Wakhle A. Dynamical approach to heavy ion-induced fission. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Williams E, Hinde DJ, Dasgupta M, du Rietz R, Carter IP, Evers M, Luong DH, McNeil SD, Rafferty DC, Ramachandran K, Wakhle A. How signatures of quasifission evolve in reactions forming Curium. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Wakhle A, Simenel C, Hinde D, Dasgupta M, Evers M, Luong D, du Rietz R. Comparing Experimental and Theoretical Quasifission Mass Angle Distributions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Wakhle A, Simenel C, Hinde DJ, Dasgupta M, Evers M, Luong DH, du Rietz R, Williams E. Interplay between quantum shells and orientation in quasifission. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:182502. [PMID: 25396364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.182502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quasifission mechanism hinders fusion in heavy systems through breakup within zeptoseconds into two fragments with partial mass equilibration. Its dependence on the structure of both the collision partners and the final fragments is a key question. Our original approach is to combine an experimental measurement of the fragments' mass-angle correlations in (40)Ca+(238)U with microscopic quantum calculations. We demonstrate an unexpected interplay between the orientation of the prolate deformed (238)U with quantum shell effects in the fragments. In particular, calculations show that only collisions with the tip of (238)U produce quasifission fragments in the magic Z=82 region, while collisions with the side are the only ones that may result in fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wakhle
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - C Simenel
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - D J Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - M Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - M Evers
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - D H Luong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - R du Rietz
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - E Williams
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Evers M, Schut M, Pepers B, Atalar M, Van Belzen M, Faull R, Roos R, Van Roon-Mom W. B03 Making (anti-) Sense Out Of Huntingtin Levels In Huntington Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Evers M, Casaca-Carreira J, Toonen L, Jahanshahi A, Temel Y, van Roon-Mom W. M04 Preventing Formation Of Toxic N-terminal Huntingtin Fragments Through Antisense Oligonucleotide-mediated Protein Modification. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Khuyagbaatar J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Asai M, Block M, Boll RA, Brand H, Cox DM, Dasgupta M, Derkx X, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Even J, Evers M, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Gharibyan N, Golubev P, Gregorich KE, Hamilton JH, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde DJ, Hoffmann J, Hollinger R, Hübner A, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lang R, Lommel B, Maiti M, Miernik K, Minami S, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Pang GK, Papadakis P, Renisch D, Roberto J, Rudolph D, Runke J, Rykaczewski KP, Sarmiento LG, Schädel M, Schausten B, Semchenkov A, Shaughnessy DA, Steinegger P, Steiner J, Tereshatov EE, Thörle-Pospiech P, Tinschert K, Torres De Heidenreich T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Uusitalo J, Ward DE, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Van Cleve SM, Yakusheva V. 48Ca+249Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z = 117: long-lived α-decaying 270Db and discovery of 266Lr. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:172501. [PMID: 24836239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The superheavy element with atomic number Z=117 was produced as an evaporation residue in the (48)Ca+(249)Bk fusion reaction at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. The radioactive decay of evaporation residues and their α-decay products was studied using a detection setup that allowed measuring decays of single atomic nuclei with half-lives between sub-μs and a few days. Two decay chains comprising seven α decays and a spontaneous fission each were identified and are assigned to the isotope (294)117 and its decay products. A hitherto unknown α-decay branch in (270)Db (Z = 105) was observed, which populated the new isotope (266)Lr (Z = 103). The identification of the long-lived (T(1/2) = 1.0(-0.4)(+1.9) h) α-emitter (270)Db marks an important step towards the observation of even more long-lived nuclei of superheavy elements located on an "island of stability."
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R A Boll
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Cox
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Dasgupta
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - X Derkx
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Eberhardt
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | | | - J M Gates
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | | | - K E Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J H Hamilton
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D J Hinde
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - R Lang
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - K Miernik
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Minami
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Nitsche
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - G K Pang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Papadakis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom and University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D Renisch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Roberto
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K P Rykaczewski
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - D A Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Steinegger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E E Tereshatov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Tinschert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - N Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D E Ward
- Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Wegrzecki
- Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S M Van Cleve
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V Yakusheva
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Hinde D, du Rietz R, Williams E, Simenel C, Lin C, Wakhle A, Cook K, Dasgupta M, Evers M, Luong D. Mass-angle distributions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dasgupta M, Luong D, Hinde D, Evers M. Many-body Quantum Reaction Dynamics near the Fusion Barrier. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146601003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Khuyagbaatar J, Hinde D, du Rietz R, Carter IP, Dasgupta M, Düllmann C, Evers M, Wakhle A, Williams E, Yakushev A. Study of fusion reactions forming Cf nuclei. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136302015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Hinde DJ, Dasgupta M, Carter I, Cook K, Evers M, Luong D, Ramachandran K, Rafferty D, Simenel C, Wakhle A, Williams E. Nuclear Reaction Dynamics Research at the Australian National University. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ramachandran K, Hinde D, Dasgupta M, Williams E, Wakhle A, Luong D, Evers M, Carter I, Das S. Fission fragment mass distribution in the 13C+ 182W and 176Yb reactions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136302017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Luong D, Dasgupta M, Hinde D, du Rietz R, Rafiei R, Evers M, Lin C, Wakhle A, Ramachandran K, Carter I, Diaz-Torres A. Breakup mechanisms for 7Li + 197Au, 204Pb systems at sub-barrier energies. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136302004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Simenel C, Wakhle A, Avez B, Hinde DJ, Rietz RD, Dasgupta M, Evers M, Lin CJ, Luong DH. Effects of nuclear structure on quasi-fission. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123809001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hinde D, Dasgupta M, Rodriguez M, Rafiei R, Brown M, Horsley A, Carter I, Kibedi T, Lobanov N, Weisser D, Evers M, Lane G, Luong D, Wakhle A, Williams E. Applications of a 6.5T Superconducting Solenoidal Separator. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123505006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wakhle A, Hinde D, Dasgupta M, du Rietz R, Simenel C, Evers M, Luong D, Rafiei R. Quasifission and Shell Effects in Reactions Forming 266Sg. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123505008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Carter I, Brown M, Dasgupta M, Hinde D, Evers M, Luong D, Wakhle A, Williams E. Determination of the angular distribution of evaporation residues following transmission through the superconducting solenoidal separator SOLITAIRE. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123505003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Evers M, Dasgupta M, Hinde DJ, Simenel C. Sub-barrier transfer in 16O+ 208Pb and 32S+ 208Pb and its role in understanding the suppression of fusion. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123505005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Luong D, Hinde D, Dasgupta M, Evers M, Rafiei R, du Rietz R. A complete picture of the breakup in6,7Li-induced reactions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2011. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20111703002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kirkland PD, Davis RJ, Wong D, Ryan D, Hart K, Corney B, Hewitson G, Cooper K, Biddle A, Eastwood S, Slattery S, Rayward D, Evers M, Wright T, Halpin K, Selleck P, Watson J. The first five days: field and laboratory investigations during the early stages of the equine influenza outbreak in Australia, 2007. Aust Vet J 2011; 89 Suppl 1:6-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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du Rietz R, Hinde DJ, Dasgupta M, Thomas RG, Gasques LR, Evers M, Lobanov N, Wakhle A. Predominant time scales in fission processes in reactions of S, Ti and Ni with W: zeptosecond versus attosecond. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:052701. [PMID: 21405390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of fusion by quasifission is crucial in limiting the formation of superheavy elements in collisions of heavy nuclei. Time scales of ∼10(-18) s inferred for fissionlike events from recent crystal blocking measurements were interpreted to show either that quasifission itself is slower than previously believed, or that the fraction of slow fusion-fission is higher than expected. New measurements of mass-angle distributions for (48)Ti and (64)Ni bombarding W targets show that in these reactions quasifission is the dominant process, typically occurring before the system formed after contact has made a single rotation, corresponding to time scales of ≤10(-20) s.
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Affiliation(s)
- R du Rietz
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
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Hinde DJ, Thomas RG, du Rietz R, Diaz-Torres A, Dasgupta M, Brown ML, Evers M, Gasques LR, Rafiei R, Rodriguez MD. Disentangling effects of nuclear structure in heavy element formation. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:202701. [PMID: 18518526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.202701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Forming the same heavy compound nucleus with different isotopes of the projectile and target elements allows nuclear structure effects in the entrance channel (resulting in static deformation) and in the dinuclear system to be disentangled. Using three isotopes of Ti and W, forming 232Cm, with measurement spanning the capture barrier energies, alignment of the heavy prolate deformed nucleus is shown to be the main reason for the broadening of the mass distribution of the quasifission fragments as the beam energy is reduced. The complex, consistently evolving mass-angle correlations that are observed carry more information than the integrated mass or angular distributions, and should severely test models of quasifission.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Abstract
Environmental heterogeneity can cause the intensity and direction of selection to vary in time and space. Yet, the effects of human-induced environmental changes on sexual selection and the expression of mating traits of native species are poorly known. Currently, the breeding habitats of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus are changing in the Baltic Sea because of eutrophication and increased growth of algae. Here we show that enhanced growth of filamentous algae increases the costs of mating by inducing an increase in the time and energy spent on courtship and mate choice. This is not followed by a concomitant increase in mate attraction, but instead the strength of selection on male red nuptial coloration and courtship activity is relaxed. Thus, the high investment into the costly sexually selected traits is maladaptive under the new conditions, and the mating system mediates a negative effect of the environmental change on the population. We attribute these environmentally induced changes in the benefit of the mating traits and in the strength of sexual selection to reduced visibility in dense vegetation. Anthropogenic disturbances hence affect the selection pressures that mould the species, which could have long-term effects on the viability and evolution of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Candolin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Evers
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Research Center, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hollander
- Department of Psychiatry, Box 1230, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Dakova B, Walcarius A, Lamberts L, Evers M. Electrochemical behaviour of seleno-organic compounds. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dakova B, Martens T, Evers M. Electrochemical oxidation of [2H] benziso-1,2-thiazol-3-one mediated by chloride anions. Application to a new and expedient electrochemical synthesis of [2H] benziso-1,2-thiazol-3-one S-oxide. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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