1
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Yadav R, Sukumaran S, Lutman J, Mitra MS, Halpern W, Sun T, Setiadi AF, Neighbors M, Sheng XR, Yip V, Shen BQ, Liu C, Han L, Ovacik AM, Wu Y, Glickstein S, Kunder R, Arron JR, Pan L, Kamath AV, Stefanich EG. Utilizing PK and PD Biomarkers to Guide the First-in-Human Starting Dose Selection of MTBT1466A: A Novel Humanized Monoclonal Anti-TGFβ3 Antibody for the Treatment of Fibrotic Diseases. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2910-2920. [PMID: 37429356 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
MTBT1466A is a high-affinity TGFβ3-specific humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody with reduced Fc effector function, currently under investigation in clinical trials as a potential anti-fibrotic therapy. Here, we characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of MTBT1466A in mice and monkeys and predicted the PK/PD of MTBT1466A in humans to guide the selection of the first-in-human (FIH) starting dose. MTBT1466A demonstrated a typical IgG1-like biphasic PK profile in monkeys, and the predicted human clearance of 2.69 mL/day/kg and t1/2 of 20.4 days are consistent with those expected for a human IgG1 antibody. In a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, changes in expression of TGFβ3-related genes, serpine1, fibronectin-1, and collagen 1A1 were used as PD biomarkers to determine the minimum pharmacologically active dose of 1 mg/kg. Unlike in the fibrosis mouse model, evidence of target engagement in healthy monkeys was only observed at higher doses. Using a PKPD-guided approach, the recommended FIH dose of 50 mg, IV, provided exposures that were shown to be safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers. MTBT1466A PK in healthy volunteers was predicted reasonably well using a PK model with allometric scaling of PK parameters from monkey data. Taken together, this work provides insights into the PK/PD behavior of MTBT1466A in preclinical species, and supports the translatability of the preclinical data into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbharan Yadav
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Lutman
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mayur S Mitra
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Halpern
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tianhe Sun
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - X Rebecca Sheng
- Translational Medicine, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lyrialle Han
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ayse Meric Ovacik
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Glickstein
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kunder
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lin Pan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amrita V Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric G Stefanich
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Janezic EM, Doan A, Mai E, Bravo DD, Wang J, Kim HS, Spiess C, Bewley K, ElSohly A, Liang WC, Koerber JT, Richalet P, Vanhove M, Comps-Agrar L. A novel, label-free, pre-equilibrium assay to determine the association and dissociation rate constants of therapeutic antibodies on living cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37783572 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Monoclonal antibodies (Ab) represent the fastest growing drug class. Knowledge of the biophysical parameters (kon , koff and KD ) that dictate Ab:receptor interaction is critical during the drug discovery process. However, with the increasing complexity of Ab formats and their targets, it became apparent that existing technologies present limitations and are not always suitable to determine these parameters. Therefore, novel affinity determination methods represent an unmet assay need. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We developed a pre-equilibrium kinetic exclusion assay using recent mathematical advances to determine the kon , koff and KD of monoclonal Ab:receptor interactions on living cells. The assay is amenable to all human IgG1 and rabbit Abs. KEY RESULTS Using our novel assay, we demonstrated for several monoclonal Ab:receptor pairs that the calculated kinetic rate constants were comparable with orthogonal methods that were lower throughput or more resource consuming. We ran simulations to predict the critical conditions to improve the performance of the assays. We further showed that this method could successfully be applied to both suspension and adherent cells. Finally, we demonstrated that kon and koff , but not KD , correlate with in vitro potency for a panel of monoclonal Abs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our novel assay has the potential to systematically probe binding kinetics of monoclonal Abs to cells and can be incorporated in a screening cascade to identify new therapeutic candidates. Wide-spread adoption of pre-equilibrium assays using physiologically relevant systems will lead to a more holistic understanding of how Ab binding kinetics influence their potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine Mai
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jianyong Wang
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hok Seon Kim
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Adel ElSohly
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Jour G, Illa-Bochaca I, Ibrahim M, Donnelly D, Zhu K, Miera EVSD, Vasudevaraja V, Mezzano V, Ramswami S, Yeh YH, Winskill C, Betensky RA, Mehnert J, Osman I. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of NF1-Mutant Melanoma Identify Potential Targeted Approach for Treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:444-455.e8. [PMID: 35988589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no targeted therapy to treat NF1-mutant melanomas. In this study, we compared the genomic and transcriptomic signatures of NF1-mutant and NF1 wild-type melanoma to reveal potential treatment targets for this subset of patients. Genomic alterations were verified using qPCR, and differentially expressed genes were independently validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and immunohistochemistry. Digital spatial profiling with multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to validate the signatures. The efficacy of combinational regimens driven by these signatures was tested through in vitro assays using low-passage cell lines. Pathogenic NF1 mutations were identified in 27% of cases. NF1-mutant melanoma expressed higher proliferative markers MK167 and CDC20 than NF1 wild-type (P = 0.008), which was independently validated both in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (P = 0.01, P = 0.03) and with immunohistochemistry (P = 0.013, P = 0.036), respectively. Digital spatial profiling analysis showed upregulation of LY6E within the tumor cells (false discovery rate < 0.01, log2 fold change > 1), confirmed with multiplex immunofluorescence showing colocalization of LY6E in melanoma cells. The combination of MAPK/extracellular signal‒regulated kinase kinase and CDC20 coinhibition induced both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, decreasing CDC20 expression in multiple NF1-mutant cell lines. In conclusion, NF1-mutant melanoma is associated with a distinct genomic and transcriptomic profile. Our data support investigating CDC20 inhibition with MAPK pathway inhibitors as a targeted regimen in this melanoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jour
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Irineu Illa-Bochaca
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Milad Ibrahim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Donnelly
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelsey Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Varshini Vasudevaraja
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valeria Mezzano
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sitharam Ramswami
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carolyn Winskill
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of Biostatistics, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janice Mehnert
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Voinsky I, Zoabi Y, Shomron N, Harel M, Cassuto H, Tam J, Rose S, Scheck AC, Karim MA, Frye RE, Aran A, Gurwitz D. Blood RNA Sequencing Indicates Upregulated BATF2 and LY6E and Downregulated ISG15 and MT2A Expression in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179843. [PMID: 36077244 PMCID: PMC9456089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in over 100 genes are implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DNA SNPs, CNVs, and epigenomic modifications also contribute to ASD. Transcriptomics analysis of blood samples may offer clues for pathways dysregulated in ASD. To expand and validate published findings of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) studies, we performed RNA-seq of whole blood samples from an Israeli discovery cohort of eight children with ASD compared with nine age- and sex-matched neurotypical children. This revealed 10 genes with differential expression. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we compared RNAs from whole blood samples of 73 Israeli and American children with ASD and 26 matched neurotypical children for the 10 dysregulated genes detected by RNA-seq. This revealed higher expression levels of the pro-inflammatory transcripts BATF2 and LY6E and lower expression levels of the anti-inflammatory transcripts ISG15 and MT2A in the ASD compared to neurotypical children. BATF2 was recently reported as upregulated in blood samples of Japanese adults with ASD. Our findings support an involvement of these genes in ASD phenotypes, independent of age and ethnicity. Upregulation of BATF2 and downregulation of ISG15 and MT2A were reported to reduce cancer risk. Implications of the dysregulated genes for pro-inflammatory phenotypes, immunity, and cancer risk in ASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Voinsky
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yazeed Zoabi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moria Harel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91031, Israel
| | | | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shannon Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Adrienne C. Scheck
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Karim
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Richard E. Frye
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Rossignol Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USA
| | - Adi Aran
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91031, Israel
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (D.G.)
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (D.G.)
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5
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Koenig SG, Angelaud R, Crittenden CM, Kurita K, Russell DJ, Marcoux JF, Matt T, Gosselin F. Development of Dual Practical Manufacturing Routes to Cognate Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Based Linker-Drugs. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Koenig
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rémy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher M. Crittenden
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kenji Kurita
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David J. Russell
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Marcoux
- Department of Manufacturing and Science Technology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Viaduktstrasse 31, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matt
- Chemical R&D Department, Cerbios Pharma SA, Via Figino 6, 6917 Barbengo/Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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6
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Zhang Y, Xing Z, Mi L, Li Z, Zhu J, Wei T, Wu W. Novel Agents For Relapsed and Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:929012. [PMID: 35928877 PMCID: PMC9344040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.929012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is the most common type of HL that occurs mainly in people aged between 15–30 and over 55 years. Although its general prognosis is favorable, 10%–30% of patients with cHL will ultimately develop relapsed or refractory disease (r/r cHL). Improving the cure rate of r/r cHL has proven to be challenging. Some novel agents, such as brentuximab vedotin and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have been used in conventional regimens for patients with r/r cHL in the past decade, have been shown to have good curative effects. This paper reviews the conventional regimens for patients with r/r cHL and focuses on the newest clinical trials and treatment measures to prolong prognosis and reduce adverse events. The evaluation of prognosis plays a vital role in analyzing the risk of relapse or disease progression; thus, finding new predictive strategies may help treat patients with r/r cHL more efficaciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhichao Xing
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mi
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenshuang Wu, ; Tao Wei,
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenshuang Wu, ; Tao Wei,
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7
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Zhang Q, Jia Y, Pan P, Zhang X, Jia Y, Zhu P, Chen X, Jiao Y, Kang G, Zhang L, Ma X. α5-nAChR associated with Ly6E modulates cell migration via TGF-β1/Smad signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:393-404. [PMID: 34994389 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α5-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5-nAChR) is closely associated with nicotine-related lung cancer, offering a novel perspective for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. However, the mechanism by which α5-nAChR functions in lung carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. Lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) proteins, like snake three-finger alpha toxins such as α-bungarotoxin, can modulate nAChR signaling. Ly6E, a member of the Ly6 family, is a biomarker of poor prognosis in smoking-induced lung carcinogenesis and is involved in the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms linking α5-nAChR and Ly6E in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of α5-nAChR was correlated with Ly6 expression, smoking status and lower survival in NSCLC tissues. In vitro, α5-nAChR mediated Ly6E, the phosphorylation of the TGF-β1 downstream molecule Smad3 (pSmad3, a key mediator of TGF-β1 signaling), the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Zeb1, N-cadherin and vimentin expression in NSCLC cells. The downregulation of Ly6E reduced α5-nAChR, pSmad3, Zeb1, N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Functionally, silencing both α5-nAChR and Ly6E significantly inhibited cell migration compared to silencing α5-nAChR or Ly6E alone. Furthermore, the functional effects of α5-nAchR and Ly6E were confirmed in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and mouse xenograft models. Therefore, our findings uncover a new interaction between α5-nAChR and Ly6E that inhibits cancer cell migration by modulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in NSCLC, which may serve as a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiyu Kang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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8
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Dicara DM, Bhakta S, Go MA, Ziai J, Firestein R, Forrest B, Gu C, Leong SR, Lee G, Yu SF, Polson AG, Agard NJ. Development of T-cell engagers selective for cells co-expressing two antigens. MAbs 2022; 14:2115213. [PMID: 36206404 PMCID: PMC9553182 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCEs) are clinically effective treatments for hematological cancers. While the utility of TCEs in solid malignancies is being explored, toxicities arising from antigen expression on normal tissues have slowed or halted several clinical trials. Here, we describe the development of TCEs that preferentially drive T cell-mediated death against target cells co-expressing two tumor-associated antigens. We show that Ly6E and B7-H4 are simultaneously expressed on approximately 50% of breast cancers, whereas normal tissue expression is limited and mostly orthogonal. Traditional bispecific TCEs targeting a singular antigen, either Ly6E or B7-H4, are active when paired with high-affinity CD3-engagers, but normal tissue expression presents a toxicity risk. Treatment with a murine cross-reactive B7-H4-TCE results in rapid and severe weight loss in mice along with damage to B7-H4-expressing tissues. To overcome on-target toxicity, we designed trispecific antibodies co-targeting Ly6E, B7-H4, and CD3 and characterized the impact of dual-antigen binding and the relative placement of each binding domain on tumor killing in vitro and in vivo. In vitro killing of tumor cells co-expressing both antigens correlates to the placement of the higher affinity B7-H4 binding domain, with only modest enhancements seen upon addition of Ly6E binding. In xenograft models, avid binding of appropriately designed trispecific TCEs enables tumor growth inhibition while evading the poor tolerability seen with active bispecific TCEs. Collectively these data highlight the potential for dual-antigen targeting to improve safety and efficacy, and expand the scope of tumors that may effectively be treated by TCEs. Abbreviations: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), dual-antigen targeted T cell engagers (DAT-TCE), Fragment antigen-binding (Fab), Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunohistochemistry (IHC), NOD SCID gamma (NSG), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), T cell-engagers (TCEs)
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dicara
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sunil Bhakta
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Ann Go
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Ziai
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bill Forrest
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chen Gu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R Leong
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Genee Lee
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Agard
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Li T, Liu W, Wang C, Wang M, Hui W, Lu J, Gao F. Multidimension Analysis of the Prognostic Value, Immune Regulatory Function, and ceRNA Network of LY6E in Individuals with Colorectal Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5164265. [PMID: 35310607 PMCID: PMC8933097 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5164265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) is abnormally expressed in several cancers and is associated with poor outcomes. However, the biological role of LY6E in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the expression levels, prognostic value, biological functions, and immune effects of LY6E via pan-cancer and CRC analyses using multiple databases. METHODS We analyzed the expression pattern of LY6E in various cancers. The prognostic value of LY6E expression was identified using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression models. We used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the potential functions of LY6E. Correlations between the LY6E expression and various factors, including LY6E methylation level, copy number variation (CNV), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune checkpoint genes, were also analyzed. The levels of LY6E expression and immune infiltration were analyzed using CIBERSORT. We constructed a regulatory network that was in compliance with the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis. A ceRNA expression-based nomogram was established. Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to validate the expression of LY6E-related ceRNA in CRC cell lines. RESULTS LY6E is overexpressed in several tumor types, including CRC, and patients with high expression levels of LY6E have a poor prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis showed that LY6E could be considered a favorable prognostic factor in TCGA and GEO cohort. The results of GSEA showed that high LY6E expression levels were associated with immune-related pathways, such as those involved in antigen processing and presentation and the intestinal immune network for IgA production. Six methylation sites of LY6E that were associated with prognostic survival were screened. Moreover, the high levels of LY6E expression were correlated with copy number gain, microsatellite instability high, and immunotherapy response. The results of CIBERSORT analysis demonstrated that the LY6E expression levels were correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cells, especially T cells. Then, we constructed a ceRNA network (LINC00963/miR-92a-3p/LY6E) and validated it using qRT-PCR. A predictive ceRNA-based nomogram was established and validated. CONCLUSION The oncogenic LY6E may serve as a promising marker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- 2Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- 2Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Chun Wang
- 3Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Man Wang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- 2Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Wenjia Hui
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- 2Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- 2Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Feng Gao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- 2Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, China
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