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Gautam H, Katna S, Dubey JK, Sharma A, Brar GS, Singh S, Devi N, Kumar A, Prashad H. Residue estimation and dietary risk assessment of fenvalerate, novaluron, and profenofos in bell pepper grown under protected and open field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10934-10949. [PMID: 38212561 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Residue studies were conducted in bell pepper crops (green and yellow bell pepper) to ensure the safe use of fenvalerate, profenofos, and novaluron (under open field and protected conditions) in randomized block design (RBD) following three applications at a 10-day interval over two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022. A robust analytical method was developed using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for the determination of pesticide residues in bell pepper samples. The half-lives for fenvalerate were 2.47-2.87 and 2.50-3.03 days on bell pepper under open field conditions, whereas the corresponding values for bell pepper under protected conditions were 3.84-4.58 and 4.17-4.71 days, during 2021 and 2022, respectively. Profenofos displayed half-lives of 2.03-2.65 and 2.15-2.77 days in open field conditions and 3.05-3.89 and 3.16-3.78 days in protected conditions during 2021 and 2022, respectively. Similarly, novaluron had half-lives of 2.87-3.49 and 3.24-3.75 days under protected conditions in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The maximum residue limits (MRLs) were calculated to be 0.6 mg/kg for fenvalerate, while for profenofos it was 0.7 mg/kg on bell pepper under open field conditions at double doses, at the proposed pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 3 days. Likewise, for bell peppers grown under protected conditions, MRLs at the PHI of 3 days were determined to be 0.8 mg/kg for fenvalerate, 0.3 mg/kg for novaluron, and 1.5 mg/kg for profenofos. A dietary risk assessment study indicated that the percentage of acute hazard index (% aHI) was significantly lower than 100, and hazard quotient (HQ) values were below 1, signifying no acute or chronic risk to consumers. These findings underscore the safety of consuming bell peppers treated with fenvalerate, profenofos, and novaluron under the protected and open field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Gautam
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
| | - Sapna Katna
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Jatiender Kumar Dubey
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | | | - Shubhra Singh
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Hema Prashad
- R&D, Biology, PI Industries Limited, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Singh S, Saini LK, Solanki VH, Kansara RV, Gandhi KD, Patel N. Dissipation kinetics and health risk assessment of certain insecticides applied in/on tomato under open field and poly-house conditions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14963. [PMID: 37082638 PMCID: PMC10112027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dissipation kinetics and health risk assessment of different insecticides in tomato under open field and poly-house conditions were investigated. A total of four insecticides, namely Chlorantraniprole 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1, Flubendiamide 20% WG @ 48.0 g a.i ha-1, Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 60.0 g a.i ha-1, and Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50.0 g a.i ha-1, were applied on tomato at the 50% flowering stage, followed by 10 days after the first spray. Prior to actual sample analysis, QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) based extraction methodology for the chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam in tomato were verified and quantified on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in terms of linearity, sensitivity (detection limits), accuracy (% recovery) and precision (% RSD). The DT50 value of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam in tomato under open field condition was 1.95, 2.25, 2.37 and 3.98, respectively and under poly house condition it was 3.05, 5.02, 2.68 and 4.82, respectively. Similarly, the safe waiting period of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam in tomato under open field condition was 1.05, 0.83, 2.96 and 3.23, respectively and under poly house condition it was 2.02, 4.93, 4.09 and 7.33, respectively. Further, health risk assessment was evaluated and observed no risk for Indian consumers due to application of studied insecticides (RQ < 1) under open field and poly-house conditions.
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Balkan T, Kara K. Dissipation kinetics of some pesticides applied singly or in mixtures in/on grape leaf. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1234-1242. [PMID: 36416723 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape and leaf quality are often severely reduced by fungi such as grey rot Botrytis cinerea Pers., powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schwein, and downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni and by insects such as Otiorhynchus spp., European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana Den.-Schiff., vine mealybug Planococcus citri Risso, and grape erineum mite Colomerus vitis Pgst. Various pesticides are often applied to mitigate these pest problems. These chemicals used singly as well as in the form of a mixture can leave residues on or in the crop. It is therefore of great importance to study the dissipation of the pesticides applied alone and in mixtures to this crop to protect consumers. RESULTS The dissipation kinetics of cypermethrin, boscalid, deltamethrin, kresoxim-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, metalaxyl-M, metrafenone, and triadimenol residues were studied in vine leaves grown under sunny conditions in Turkey. The dissipation rate for singly applied pesticides followed first-order kinetics, with half-lifes in grape leaves in the range of 1.85-7.22 days. Changes in the degradation process of pesticide residues were determined after application, as both single applications and mixtures. The degradation of boscalid, cymoxanil, deltamethrin and metalaxyl-M accelerated while the degradation of cypermethrin, kresoxim-methyl, and lambda-cyhalothrin slowed down in mixtures of pesticides. CONCLUSION The use of pesticides in mixtures leads to slower degradation and higher residues for some active ingredients and faster degradation and fewer residues for other active ingredients. Therefore, pesticide mixtures should not be applied in the field without having detailed information about their ingredients. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarık Balkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Kenan Kara
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Xu X, Guo L, Wu A, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu L, Xu C. Rapid and sensitive detection of flubendiamide in grapes and tomatoes using a colloidal gold immunochromatography assay. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1843-1854. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Aihong Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lan T, Yang G, Li J, Chi D, Zhang K. Residue, dissipation and dietary intake risk assessment of tolfenpyrad in four leafy green vegetables under greenhouse conditions. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100241. [PMID: 35499034 PMCID: PMC9040032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A QuEChERS-GC–MS/MS method was used to detect tolfenpyrad in leafy green vegetables. Half-lives of tolfenpyrad were 2.0–6.8 d in greenhouse-grown leafy green vegetables. PHI of tolfenpyrad was suggested as 21 d in BCL and 28 d in BBL, SOL and LSL. The potential health risk of tolfenpyrad was acceptable in leafy green vegetables.
A novel and accurate analytical method for the determination of tolfenpyrad in four leafy green vegetables, Brassica bara L., Spinacia oleracea L., Lactuca sativa L. and Brassica chinensis L., was developed and applied to investigate the residue distribution and dietary risk under greenhouse conditions. The established approach was determined to be adequate, with recoveries of 79.2%–92.9% and relative standard deviations < 8%. Tolfenpyrad dissipated relatively rapidly in four leafy green vegetables. Terminal residues of tolfenpyrad were below 0.5 mg/kg (maximum residue limit for Brassica bara L. set by China) in leafy green vegetables collected 28 d after the last application. Due to risk quotient values < 100%, the residue levels of tolfenpyrad in leafy green vegetables collected 21 days after the last application were deemed safe for consumers. The results provide field data for the reasonable use and dietary risk assessment of tolfenpyrad in leafy green vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kankan Zhang
- Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Aghris S, Alaoui OT, Laghrib F, Farahi A, Bakasse M, Saqrane S, Lahrich S, El Mhammedi M. Extraction and determination of flubendiamide insecticide in food samples: A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:401-413. [PMID: 35243353 PMCID: PMC8861570 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aghris
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - O. Tahiri Alaoui
- Moulay Ismail University, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - F. Laghrib
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of sciences, Fes, Morocco
| | - A. Farahi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M. Bakasse
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
- Chouaib Doukkali University, Organic Micropollutants Analysis Team, Faculty of Sciences, Morocco
| | - S. Saqrane
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - S. Lahrich
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M.A. El Mhammedi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Khouribga, Morocco
- Corresponding author.
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Sharma KK, Tripathy V, Mohapatra S, Matadha NY, Pathan ARK, Sharma BN, Dubey JK, Katna S, George T, Tayade A, Sharma K, Gupta R, Walia S. Dissipation kinetics and consumer risk assessment of novaluron + lambda-cyhalothrin co-formulation in cabbage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111494. [PMID: 33120258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cabbage, one of the most popular vegetables in the world is infested by several insect-pests and diseases. Novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor and lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid group insecticide are used to manage insect-pests on cabbage. The dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of combination formulation (novaluron 9.45% + lambda-cyhalothrin 1.9%) with different modes of action has not yet been investigated in cabbage. Multi-location supervised field trials were therefore, conducted in different agro-climatic regions of India for safety evaluation of the combination product. The co-formulation at the recommended (novaluron 750 g a.i. ha-1 + lambda-cyhalothrin 750 g a.i. ha-1) and double the recommended (novaluron 1500 g a.i. ha-1 + lambda-cyhalothrin 1500 g a.i. ha-1) dose was sprayed on the cabbage crop. The samples were extracted and cleaned up using a modified QuEChERS method, and the residues analyzed by GC-ECD and GC-MS. The half-life (t1/2) varied between 1.77 and 2.51 and 2.00-3.38 days for novaluron and 1.36-2.24 and 1.69-3.82 days for lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage at respective doses. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has set the MRL of 0.7 mg kg-1 for novaluron at PHI of 5 days, and no MRL is set for lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage. On the basis of OECD MRL calculator, the MRLs of 0.6 and 1.5 mg kg-1 for novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively were calculated at the respective doses at PHI of 3 days. Hazard quotient (HQ) <1, theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) < acceptable daily intake (ADI) and < maximum permissible intake (MPI), percent acute hazard index (% aHI) <1, and percent chronic hazard index (% cHI) <1 for both novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin suggested that the combination formulation is safe and will not pose any dietary risk to the consumers. The study will be helpful to conduct risk assessment of other pesticides/combination pesticides on food crops on which their MRLs have not yet been fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Soudamini Mohapatra
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Rashid Khan Pathan
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Durgapura, Jaipur, India
| | - Badri Narayan Sharma
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Durgapura, Jaipur, India
| | - Jatiender Kumar Dubey
- Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr YSPUHF), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Katna
- Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr YSPUHF), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Thomas George
- Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Vellayani, Kerala, India
| | - Amol Tayade
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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