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Whitman JA, Doherty LA, Pantoja-Feliciano de Goodfellow IG, Racicot K, Anderson DJ, Kensil K, Karl JP, Gibson GR, Soares JW. In Vitro Fermentation Shows Polyphenol and Fiber Blends Have an Additive Beneficial Effect on Gut Microbiota States. Nutrients 2024; 16:1159. [PMID: 38674850 PMCID: PMC11053737 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fermentation model, seeded with human stool combined from 30 healthy volunteers, was supplemented with blends of polyphenols (PP), dietary fibers (FB), or their combination (PPFB) to determine influence on gut bacteria growth dynamics and select metabolite changes. PP and FB blends independently led to significant increases in the absolute abundance of select beneficial taxa, namely Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Dorea spp. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, relative to non-supplemented control (F), increased significantly with PPFB and FB supplementation but not PP. Indole and ammonia concentrations decreased with FB and PPFB supplementation but not PP alone while increased antioxidant capacity was only evident with both PP and PPFB supplementation. These findings demonstrated that, while the independent blends displayed selective positive impacts on gut states, the combination of both blends provided an additive effect. The work outlines the potential of mixed substrate blends to elicit a broader positive influence on gut microbial composition and function to build resiliency toward dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Whitman
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Ida G. Pantoja-Feliciano de Goodfellow
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Danielle J. Anderson
- Combat Feeding Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (D.J.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Katherine Kensil
- Combat Feeding Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (D.J.A.); (K.K.)
| | - J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK;
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
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Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Karl JP, Perisin M, Doherty LA, McClung HL, Armstrong NJ, Renberg R, Racicot K, Branck T, Arcidiacono S, Soares JW. In vitro gut microbiome response to carbohydrate supplementation is acutely affected by a sudden change in diet. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:32. [PMID: 36707764 PMCID: PMC9883884 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between diet, stress and the gut microbiome are of interest as a means to modulate health and performance. Here, in vitro fermentation was used to explore the effects of a sudden change in diet, 21 days sole sustenance on the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) U.S. military combat ration, on inter-species competition and functional potential of the human gut microbiota. Human fecal samples collected before and after MRE intervention or consuming a habitual diet (HAB) were introduced to nutrient-rich media supplemented with starch for in vitro fermentation under ascending colon conditions. 16S rRNA amplicon and Whole-metagenome sequencing (WMS) were used to measure community composition and functional potential. Specific statistical analyses were implemented to detect changes in relative abundance from taxa, genes and pathways. RESULTS Differential changes in relative abundance of 11 taxa, Dorea, Lachnospira, Bacteroides fragilis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Betaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides egerthii, Ruminococcus bromii, Prevotella, and Slackia, and nine Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, specifically GH13_14, over the 24 h fermentation were observed as a function of the diet intervention and correlated to specific taxa of interest. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that consuming MRE for 21 days acutely effects changes in gut microbiota structure in response to carbohydrate but may induce alterations in metabolic capacity. Additionally, these findings demonstrate the potential of starch as a candidate supplemental strategy to functionally modulate specific gut commensals during stress-induced states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Philip Karl
- grid.420094.b0000 0000 9341 8465Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
| | - Matthew Perisin
- grid.420282.e0000 0001 2151 958XU.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD USA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate (SED), U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
| | - Holly L. McClung
- grid.420094.b0000 0000 9341 8465Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
| | - Nicholes J. Armstrong
- grid.420094.b0000 0000 9341 8465Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
| | - Rebecca Renberg
- grid.420282.e0000 0001 2151 958XGeneral Technical Services, U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD USA
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate (SED), U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
| | - Tobyn Branck
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate (SED), U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
| | - Steve Arcidiacono
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate (SED), U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate (SED), U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
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Karl JP, Armstrong NJ, Player RA, Rood JC, Soares JW, McClung HL. The Fecal Metabolome Links Diet Composition, Foacidic positive ion conditions, chromatographicallyod Processing, and the Gut Microbiota to Gastrointestinal Health in a Randomized Trial of Adults Consuming a Processed Diet. J Nutr 2022; 152:2343-2357. [PMID: 36774101 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food processing alters diet digestibility and composition, thereby influencing interactions between host biology, diet, and the gut microbiota. The fecal metabolome offers insight into those relations by providing a readout of diet-microbiota interactions impacting host health. OBJECTIVES The aims were to determine the effects of consuming a processed diet on the fecal metabolome and to explore relations between changes in the fecal metabolome with fecal microbiota composition and gastrointestinal health markers. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial wherein healthy adults [94% male; 18-61 y; BMI (kg/m2): 26 ± 3] consumed their usual diet [control (CON), n = 27] or a Meal, Ready-to-EatTM (Ameriqual Packaging) military ration diet composed of processed, shelf-stable, ready-to-eat items for 21 d (MRE; n = 27). Fecal metabolite profiles, fecal microbiota composition, biomarkers of intestinal barrier function, and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured before and after the intervention. Between-group differences and associations were assessed using nonparametric t tests, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, correlation, and redundancy analysis. RESULTS Fecal concentrations of multiple dipeptides [Mann-Whitney effect size (ES) = 0.27-0.50] and long-chain SFAs (ES = 0.35-0.58) increased, whereas plant-derived compounds (ES = 0.31-0.60) decreased in MRE versus CON (P < 0.05; q < 0.20). Changes in dipeptides correlated positively with changes in fecal concentrations of Maillard-reaction products (ρ = 0.29-0.70; P < 0.05) and inversely with changes in serum prealbumin (ρ = -0.30 to -0.48; P ≤ 0.03). Multiple bile acids, coffee and caffeine metabolites, and plant-derived compounds were associated with both fecal microbiota composition and gastrointestinal health markers, with changes in fecal microbiota composition explaining 26% of the variability within changes in gastrointestinal health-associated fecal metabolites (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Changes in the fecal metabolomes of adults consuming a Meal, Ready-to-EatTM diet implicate interactions between diet composition, diet digestibility, and the gut microbiota as contributing to variability within gastrointestinal responses to the diet. Findings underscore the need to consider both food processing and nutrient composition when investigating the impact of diet-gut microbiota interactions on health outcomes. This trial was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov as NCT02423551.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
| | - Nicholes J Armstrong
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Player
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Jason W Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Holly L McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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Pearce SC, Weber GJ, Doherty LA, Soares JW. Human
iPSC
Colon Organoid Function is Improved By Exposure to Fecal Fermentates. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:468-484. [PMID: 35812075 PMCID: PMC9254220 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The host–microbe interaction is critical for intestinal homeostasis. By‐products from microbial metabolism of unabsorbed dietary components have been studied increasingly as potential contributors to health and disease. In vitro fermentation systems provide a way to simulate microbial activity and by‐product production of the colon using human fecal samples. Objectives of the study were to determine how clarified supernatants from two different fermentation conditions affect markers of cell proliferation, differentiation, barrier function, and immune function in a human‐induced pluripotent (iPSC) colon organoid model. SCFA and BCFA's of the supernatants were analyzed and were similar to known in vivo concentrations. Molecular results showed 25% of the clarified supernatant from batch fermentation led to a more physiological intestinal phenotype including increased markers of differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase, chromogranin A, SCFA transport monocarboxylate transporter‐1, (6.2‐fold, 2.1‐fold, and 1.8‐fold, respectively; p < 0.05). Mucin production (mucin‐2, mucin‐4) was increased in cells treated with 25% supernatant, as observed by confocal microscopy. In addition, increased tight junction expression (claudin‐3) was noted by immunofluorescence in 25% supernatant‐ treated cells. A dose–response increase in barrier function was observed over the 72‐h time course, with a twofold increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the 25% group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). To further investigate host effects, clarified supernatants from a continuous multistage fermentation representing the ascending (AC), transverse (TC), and descending (DC) colonic domains were utilized and some regional differences were observed including increased markers of inflammation (IL‐1β, 6.15 pg/ml; IL‐6, 27.58 pg/ml; TNFα, 4.49 pg/ml; p < 0.05) in DC‐treated samples only. Overall, clarified supernatants represent a valuable model to examine effects of microbial by‐products on host intestinal development and function and future efforts will be designed to further understand microbial communities and metabolites, along with additional host response measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Pearce
- Soldier Sustainment Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
- Current address: USDA‐ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment 1015 N. University Blvd., Ames, IA 50011
| | - Gregory J. Weber
- Soldier Sustainment Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
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Ellis JL, Karl JP, Oliverio AM, Fu X, Soares JW, Wolfe BE, Hernandez CJ, Mason JB, Booth SL. Dietary vitamin K is remodeled by gut microbiota and influences community composition. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-16. [PMID: 33651646 PMCID: PMC7928036 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1887721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins have well-established roles in bacterial metabolism. Menaquinones (MKn, n = prenyl units in sidechain) are bacterially produced forms of vitamin K produced by the gut microbiota and consumed in the diet. Little is known about the influence of dietary vitamin K quinones on gut microbial composition and MKn production. Here, male and female C57BL6 mice were fed a vitamin K deficient diet or vitamin K sufficient diets containing phylloquinone (PK, plant-based vitamin K form), MK4, and/or MK9. DNA was extracted from cecal contents and 16S sequencing conducted to assess microbial composition. Cecal microbial community composition was significantly different in vitamin K deficient female mice compared to females on vitamin K sufficient diets (all p < .007). Parallel trends were seen in male mice, but were not statistically significant (all p > .05 but <0.1). Next, stable isotope-labeled vitamin K quinones were supplemented to male and female C57BL6 mice (2H7PK, 13C11MK4, 2H7MK7, 2H7MK9) and to an in vitro fermentation model inoculated with human stool (2H7PK, 2H7MK4, 2H7MK9, or vitamin K precursor 2H8-menadione). Vitamin K quinones in feces and culture aliquots were measured using LC-MS. In vivo, supplemented vitamin K quinones were remodeled to other MKn (2H7- or 13C6-labeled MK4, MK10, MK11, and MK12), but in vitro only the precursor 2H8-menadione was remodeled to 2H7MK4, 2H7MK9, 2H7MK10, and 2H7MK11. These results suggest that dietary vitamin K deficiency alters the gut microbial community composition. Further studies are needed to determine if menadione generated by host metabolism may serve as an intermediate in dietary vitamin K remodeling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie L. Ellis
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,The Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Angela M. Oliverio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Developmental Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Hernandez
- Schools of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joel B. Mason
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,The Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,CONTACT Sarah L. Booth 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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6
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Arcidiacono S, Breedon AME, Goodson MS, Doherty LA, Lyon W, Jimenez G, Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Soares JW. In vitro fermentation test bed for evaluation of engineered probiotics in polymicrobial communities. J Biol Methods 2021; 8:e147. [PMID: 34104665 PMCID: PMC8175340 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2021.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro fermentation systems offer significant opportunity for deconvoluting complex metabolic dynamics within polymicrobial communities, particularly those associated with the human gut microbiome. In vitro gut models have broad experimental capacity allowing rapid evaluation of multiple parameters, generating knowledge to inform design of subsequent in vivo studies. Here, our method describes an in vitro fermentation test bed to provide a physiologically-relevant assessment of engineered probiotics circuit design functions. Typically, engineered probiotics are evaluated under pristine, mono- or co-culture conditions and transitioned directly into animal or human studies, commonly resulting in a loss of desired function when introduced to complex gut communities. Our method encompasses a systematic workflow entailing fermentation, molecular and functional characterization, and statistical analyses to validate an engineered probiotic’s persistence, plasmid stability and reporter response. To demonstrate the workflow, simplified polymicrobial communities of human gut microbial commensals were utilized to investigate the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 engineered to produce a fluorescent reporter protein. Commensals were assembled with increasing complexity to produce a mock community based on nutrient utilization. The method assesses engineered probiotic persistence in a competitive growth environment, reporter production and function, effect of engineering on organism growth and influence on commensal composition. The in vitro test bed represents a new element within the Design-Build-Test-Learn paradigm, providing physiologically-relevant feedback for circuit re-design and experimental validation for transition of engineered probiotics to higher fidelity animal or human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Arcidiacono
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Amy M Ehrenworth Breedon
- 711 th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA.,UES, Inc., Dayton, OH 45432, USA
| | - Michael S Goodson
- 711 th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Laurel A Doherty
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Wanda Lyon
- 711 th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Grace Jimenez
- 711 th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA.,UES, Inc., Dayton, OH 45432, USA
| | | | - Jason W Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA
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Karl JP, Barbato RA, Doherty LA, Gautam A, Glaven SM, Kokoska RJ, Leary D, Mickol RL, Perisin MA, Hoisington AJ, Van Opstal EJ, Varaljay V, Kelley-Loughnane N, Mauzy CA, Goodson MS, Soares JW. Meeting report of the third annual Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium symposium. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2020; 15:12. [PMID: 32835172 PMCID: PMC7356122 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-020-00359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium (TSMC) was founded to enhance collaboration, coordination, and communication of microbiome research among U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) organizations and to facilitate resource, material and information sharing among consortium members. The 2019 annual symposium was held 22-24 October 2019 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, OH. Presentations and discussions centered on microbiome-related topics within five broad thematic areas: 1) human microbiomes; 2) transitioning products into Warfighter solutions; 3) environmental microbiomes; 4) engineering microbiomes; and 5) microbiome simulation and characterization. Collectively, the symposium provided an update on the scope of current DoD microbiome research efforts, highlighted innovative research being done in academia and industry that can be leveraged by the DoD, and fostered collaborative opportunities. This report summarizes the presentations and outcomes of the 3rd annual TSMC symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA
| | - Robyn A. Barbato
- United States Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Sarah M. Glaven
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC USA
| | - Robert J. Kokoska
- Physical Sciences Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory – United States Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA
| | - Dagmar Leary
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC USA
| | | | - Matthew A. Perisin
- Biotechnology Branch, United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD USA
| | - Andrew J. Hoisington
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Edward J. Van Opstal
- Human Systems Directorate, Office of the Underscretary of Defense for Research & Engineering, Washington, DC USA
| | - Vanessa Varaljay
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA
| | - Camilla A. Mauzy
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA
| | - Michael S. Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA
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Karl JP, Armstrong NJ, McClung HL, Player RA, Rood JC, Racicot K, Soares JW, Montain SJ. A diet of U.S. military food rations alters gut microbiota composition and does not increase intestinal permeability. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 72:108217. [PMID: 31473505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between gut microbes and dietary components modulate intestinal permeability (IP) and inflammation. Recent studies have reported altered fecal microbiota composition together with increased IP and inflammation in individuals consuming military food rations in austere environments, but could not isolate effects of the diet from environmental factors. To determine how the U.S. Meal, Ready-to-Eat food ration affects fecal microbiota composition, IP and inflammation, 60 adults (95% male,18-61 years) were randomized to consume their usual ad libitum diet for 31 days (CON) or a strictly controlled Meal, Ready-to-Eat-only diet for 21 days followed by their usual diet for 10 days (MRE). In both groups, fecal microbiota composition was measured before, during (INT, days 1-21) and after the intervention period. IP and inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] were measured on days 0, 10, 21 and 31. Longitudinal changes in fecal microbiota composition differed between groups (P=.005), and fecal samples collected from MRE during INT were identified with 88% accuracy using random forest models. The genera making the strongest contribution to that prediction accuracy included multiple lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc), which demonstrated lower relative abundance in MRE, and several genera known to dominate the ileal microbiota (Streptococcus, Veillonella, Clostridium), the latter two demonstrating higher relative abundance in MRE. IP and hsCRP were both lower (34% and 41%, respectively) in MRE relative to CON on day 21 (P<.05) but did not differ otherwise. Findings demonstrate that a Meal, Ready-to-Eat ration diet alters fecal microbiota composition and does not increase IP or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Nicholes J Armstrong
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Holly L McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Robert A Player
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Combat Feeding Directorate, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Soldier Center, 15 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Jason W Soares
- Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Soldier Center, 15 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Scott J Montain
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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