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Cernasev A, Hohmeier KC, Oyedeji O, Hagemann T, Kintziger KW, Wisdom T, Gatwood J. Perspectives Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Adults: A Qualitative Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040850. [PMID: 37112762 PMCID: PMC10146521 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last several decades, vaccine hesitancy has become a significant global public health concern. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been on the United States of America (USA) market since 2006, with extended approval up to age 45 granted in 2018. To date, there is limited research evaluating barriers and facilitators related to HPV vaccine initiation among adults and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' vaccine-related behaviors. This study's main objective was to characterize the contributing factors that could promote or inhibit HPV vaccine uptake for adults. METHODS A qualitative approach consisting of focus group discussions (FGDs) was used for this study. The FGD guide was informed by concepts from the Transtheoretical Model, Health Belief Model, and Social Cognitive Theory. All virtual FGDs were led by two researchers, who recorded audio for data collection. The data were transcribed by a third party, and the transcripts were imported into Dedoose® software and analyzed using the six steps recommended by thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 35 individuals participated in 6 focus groups over a 6-month period. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) Intrinsic motivators for HPV vaccination, (2) Extrinsic motivators for HPV vaccination, (3) Vaccine promotion strategies, and (4) Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a role in influencing HPV vaccine uptake, and such considerations can guide efforts to improve the odds of HPV vaccination in working-age adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cernasev
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Kenneth C Hohmeier
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Oluwafemifola Oyedeji
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tracy Hagemann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Kristina W Kintziger
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Taylor Wisdom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Justin Gatwood
- US Health Outcomes Vaccines, GSK, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Cousin L, Roberts S, Brownstein NC, Whiting J, Kasting ML, Head KJ, Vadaparampil ST, Giuliano AR, Gwede CK, Meade CD, Christy SM. Factors associated with parental COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and intentions among a national sample of United States adults ages 18-45. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 69:108-115. [PMID: 36716520 PMCID: PMC9852321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored factors associated with parents' attitudes and intentions to seek information about the COVID-19 vaccine for their children (ages 0-18) and intentions to vaccinate their age-eligible children. DESIGN AND METHODS As part of an anonymous online cross-sectional survey, parents' vaccine attitudes, COVID-19 vaccine intentions for their children, health literacy, health numeracy, and sociodemographic variables were assessed. Multivariable ordered logistic regression models identified factors associated with parents' COVID-19 vaccine intentions for their children. RESULTS Parents/guardians (n = 963) were mostly White (82.3%), insured (88.0%), and college graduates (57.3%). Men reported higher intentions than women to seek information about the COVID-19 vaccine for their children (p = 0.003) and higher intentions to vaccinate their children (p = 0.049). Parental characteristics associated with increased intentions to have their children vaccinated included higher educational attainment (p < 0.001), more positive general vaccine attitudes (p < 0.001), preference for health information in a language other than English (p = 0.006), higher income (p = 0.048), having health insurance (p = 0.05), health literacy (p = 0.024), and health numeracy (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Multiple sociodemographic characteristics including male gender, higher health literacy and numeracy, and language preference are noteworthy factors associated with parental COVID-19 vaccine intentions that could inform the planning and implementation of educational interventions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses are important sources of trusted information and play an important role in parent/family health education and in understanding myriad factors that may improve attitudes and enhance readiness toward vaccine uptake. Our findings emphasize the potential value of examining tailored/targeted COVID-19 vaccine education according to key influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakeshia Cousin
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Roberts
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Naomi C Brownstein
- Dept. of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Dept. of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Monica L Kasting
- Dept. of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Katharine J Head
- Dept. of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Clement K Gwede
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Cathy D Meade
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Christy
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America; Dept. of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America.
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Susło R, Pobrotyn P, Mierzecki A, Drobnik J. Fear of Illness and Convenient Access to Vaccines Appear to Be the Missing Keys to Successful Vaccination Campaigns: Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Decisions of Hospital Staff in Poland concerning Vaccination against Influenza and COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071026. [PMID: 35891190 PMCID: PMC9318872 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for two years as of 2022, and it is common knowledge that vaccines are an essential tool to mitigate the health, economic, and social fallout. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy is still a serious global problem, both in the general population and among healthcare workers. The authors used an original questionnaire to conduct an anonymous survey study in the University Clinical Hospital in Wrocław, Poland, in April and May of 2021 after acquiring consent from the Medical University of Wrocław, Poland Bioethical Committee. The study results demonstrate that, to a significant extent, the decisions concerning vaccinations are based on factors that are difficult to change with rational argumentation, including people’s personal opinions or beliefs concerning vaccinations and their earlier experiences with vaccinations. The study results suggest that the impregnating effect of one’s own opinions, beliefs, and experiences can be surmounted if vaccines are dispensed free and conveniently while the pathogen is irrationally and emotionally perceived as untamed and possibly severe and life threatening. It makes a significant difference as in such cases that the percentage of participants whose decisions concerning vaccination are influenced by the risks to life or health of one’s own or others rises by about 27 and 36 percent points, respectively. Therefore, in order to succeed, campaigns for vaccinations need to include strong subjective and emotional communication, appealing to negative emotions and exploiting the public’s fear of the unknown while stressing tangible and personal threats possibly resulting from acquiring a vaccine-preventable infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Susło
- Epidemiology and Medical Education Unit, Population Health Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Artur Mierzecki
- Family Medicine Department, General Medicine and Dentistry Faculty, Medical University in Szczecin, 70-203 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Drobnik
- Epidemiology and Medical Education Unit, Population Health Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
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