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Toorani A, Moodi M, Zeinali T, Salmani F, Norozi E. Consumption status of functional drinks based on the theory of planned behavior and the stages of change model in female employees. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14197. [PMID: 38902378 PMCID: PMC11190226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the consumption status of functional drinks based on the theory of planned behavior and the Stages of Change Model. This study was conducted on 536 female employees of Birjand offices in 2022. The data was collected by using the functional food questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS with significance level of P < 0.05. The largest number of people consume probiotic drinks (buttermilk, kefir, etc.) were in the maintenance stages (31.2%) and who consume milk fortified with vitamin D were in the contemplation stage (37.3%). The mean score of the participants in the subscales of attitude, behavioral control, and subjective norm was 17.69 ± 3.05, 16.83 ± 2.88, 21.73 ± 4.33, respectively. The mean score of the attitude and subjective norm regarding the consumption of all drinks had a significant relation with the stages of change model (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that the most drinks that female employees consumed regularly were probiotic drinks, while they did not intend to use functional juices (pre-contemplation stage). Therefore, it seems that this theory can be used as a framework in designing educational programs in order to increase the consumption of functional foods and improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Toorani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Zeinali
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Salmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Norozi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ellis AC, Mehta T, Nagabooshanam VA, Dudenbostel T, Locher JL, Crowe-White KM. Daily 100% watermelon juice consumption and vascular function among postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2959-2968. [PMID: 34344546 PMCID: PMC8435004 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Watermelon juice is a rich food source of cardioprotective compounds such as arginine, citrulline, and lycopene. Preventative interventions are warranted as risk of cardiovascular disease increases among women after menopause, and age alone is an independent risk factor for vascular dysfunction. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of 100% watermelon juice on measures of vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 21 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to consume two 360 mL servings of 100% watermelon juice per day or an isocaloric placebo for four weeks. Following a two-week washout period, they consumed the other beverage for an additional four weeks. Before and after each treatment arm, a fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of serum arginine, citrulline, lycopene, glucose, and insulin. Assessments of vascular function included pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, and flow-mediated dilation. General linear mixed models with intent-to-treat analyses were used to examine the effects of the intervention. Despite a significant treatment effect for circulating lycopene (p = 0.002), no changes in arginine, citrulline, or any vascular measures were observed. Although the juice intervention resulted in a slight but significant increase in fasting serum glucose (p = 0.001), changes in glucose homeostasis were not clinically significant. CONCLUSION In contrast to findings from previous studies in younger adults and those with pre-existing hypertension, measures of vascular function in this cohort of healthy postmenopausal women were not impacted by supplemental watermelon juice. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03626168.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Ellis
- University of Alabama, Department of Human Nutrition, Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Tapan Mehta
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Vinoth A Nagabooshanam
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, UAB/Lakeshore Foundation Research Collaborative, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Tanja Dudenbostel
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Disease, Vascular Biology & Hypertension, 933 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Julie L Locher
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, 933 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Kristi M Crowe-White
- University of Alabama, Department of Human Nutrition, Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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Jung SE, Shin YH, Im J, Hermann J, Ellis A, Crowe-White K. Understanding Low-income Older Adults’ Intention to Consume Fruits and Vegetables. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1658682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Jung
- Human Nutrition & Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Yeon Ho Shin
- Human Nutrition & Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jinyoung Im
- Penn State Berks, Hospitality Management Program, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Janice Hermann
- Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Amy Ellis
- Human Nutrition & Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Kristi Crowe-White
- Human Nutrition & Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Crowe-White KM, Voruganti VS, Talevi V, Dudenbostel T, Nagabooshanam VA, Locher JL, Ellis AC. Variation of Serum Lycopene in Response to 100% Watermelon Juice: An Exploratory Analysis of Genetic Variants in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa102. [PMID: 32695957 PMCID: PMC7363307 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Watermelon, a rich source of lycopene, has garnered attention for cardioprotective effects including cholesterol reduction and promotion of redox balance. It is unknown whether 100% watermelon juice may represent a food-first approach to confer cardioprotective benefits of lycopene. OBJECTIVES This study examined influences of 100% watermelon juice on serum lycopene, lipids, and antioxidant capacity. Secondly, the study explored genetic influences on lycopene metabolism and bioavailability. METHODS A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with postmenopausal women (n = 16, mean ± SD age: 60 ± 4.1 y) assessed effects of 100% watermelon juice on mechanistic and clinical outcomes influencing vascular function. Participants maintained low-lycopene diets for a 1-wk run-in period and throughout the study. Morning and evening consumption of 100% watermelon juice provided a daily dose of 14.4 ± 0.34 mg lycopene. Study arms of 4 wk were separated by a 2-wk washout period. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-study arms. Statistical analyses included mixed models, linear regression, and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Serum lycopene exhibited a significant treatment effect (P = 0.002) along with notable interindividual responses; however, significant improvements in serum lipids or antioxidant capacity were not observed. Genetic variant rs6564851 in the β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase-1 (BCO1) gene was associated with changes in lycopene such that TT homozygotes exhibited a significantly greater increase (β ± SE: 13.4 ± 1.6, P = 1.4 × 10-06). CONCLUSIONS Watermelon juice supplementation did not result in improvements in serum lipids or antioxidant capacity; however, results support findings in which watermelon juice significantly, yet differentially, increased circulating lycopene. Genetics appears to explain some of the variability. Given that dose has been shown to overcome individual responsiveness to lycopene interventions, future investigations with varying doses of lycopene-rich foods would be strengthened by genotyping so as to establish personalized nutrition recommendations.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03626168.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkata S Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Talevi
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Tanja Dudenbostel
- Cardiovascular Disease, Vascular Biology & Hypertension, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vinoth A Nagabooshanam
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie L Locher
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy C Ellis
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Ellis AC, Dudenbostel T, Crowe-White K. Watermelon Juice: a Novel Functional Food to Increase Circulating Lycopene in Older Adult Women. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:200-203. [PMID: 30756297 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of accruing oxidative stress with advancing age, older adults may benefit from increased dietary intake of lycopene, a lipophilic carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties. Yet, intake of dietary lycopene as well as circulating lycopene levels are known to decrease with aging. Watermelon is one of the few food sources of dietary lycopene. Because heat treatment increases lycopene bioavailability, ingestion of watermelon in pasteurized juice form may be an optimal delivery vehicle to increase lycopene levels in older adults. However, due to its lipophilic nature, there are concerns that co-ingestion of dietary fat may be necessary for efficient intestinal absorption of lycopene. Thus, this feasibility study aimed to examine the effects of a one-time dose of 100% pasteurized watermelon juice on circulating lycopene concentrations of postmenopausal women after a 10-h overnight fast. Blood was sampled from eight women before and 2 h after ingestion of 360 ml of juice, and serum lycopene was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Circulating lycopene levels increased by three-fold (p < 0.001) with increases observed for every participant. Results demonstrate that 100% watermelon juice is a palatable, effective means of increasing serum lycopene in older adult women, a group at risk for low carotenoid intake. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03608254 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Ellis
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, 412 Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Tanja Dudenbostel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 115 Community Health 119 Building, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kristi Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, 485 Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
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