Effects of ADIPOQ polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

Association of adiponectin and its receptor gene polymorphisms with the risk of coronary heart disease in northern Guangxi

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association of circulating adiponectin (APN) level and single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1501299 and rs266729) of the APN gene in the coronary heart disease (CHD) population of Northern Guangxi Province.

METHODS

Two hundred and sixty-three CHD patients and 235 healthy controls from our hospital from August 2018 to October 2020 were included in this study. ELISA was used to determine the serum APN concentration. PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing were used to analyze the genotypes of APN gene rs1501299 G/T and rs266729 C/G single-nucleotide loci, their distribution differences between the two groups were compared and their correlation with APN concentration was analyzed.

RESULTS

The serum APN concentration in the CHD group was significantly lower than the control group (14.40(1.42-52.26) μg/mL vs. 29.40 (3.18-90.31) μg/mL, P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the rs266729 genotype of APN single nucleotide locus between the two groups (P < 0.001). The dominant model and recessive model of rs266729 genotype showed that mutant homozygous GG genotype carriers significantly increased the risk of CHD in comparison with C allele carriers (CG + CC) (OR = 2.156, 95 %CI: 1.004-4.631, P = 0.049), and this effect was still significant after adjusting gender and age (OR = 2.695, 95 %CI 1.110-6.540, P = 0.028). In both the dominant and recessive models for rs1501299, ORs before and after adjustment for age and sex revealed no significant association with CHD, with ORs of 0.765 (95 % CI: 0.537-1.091, P = 0.139) and 0.718 (95 % CI: 0.466-1.106, P = 0.133) in the Dominant model, and ORs of 0.960 (95 % CI: 0.442-2.087, P = 0.918) and 0.613 (95 % CI: 0.239-1.570, P = 0.308) in the Recessive model, respectively. No statistically significant differences in APN concentrations across genotypes in both groups (P > 0.05), with chi-square values of 1.633 (control group) and 0.823 (CHD group) for rs1501299, and 1.354 (control group) and 0.618 (CHD group) for rs266729.

CONCLUSIONS

APN gene of rs266729 C/G single-nucleotide loci gene mutation can significantly increase the risk of CHD. There was no significant correlation between rs1501299 G/T single-nucleotide loci and CHD in Northern Guangxi populations.

Body Fat Distribution, Adipocytokines Levels and Variability in Associated Genes and Kidney Transplant Outcomes

Introduction: Body fat distribution is known to contribute to a variety of pathologies. Research Questions: We aimed to assess whether this distribution is associated with clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and to examine its relationship with leptin and adiponectin gene variants and plasma concentrations. Design: Bioelectrical impedance analyses were performed in 236 RTR. Leptin/adiponectin levels were measured by immunoassay and relevant polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes were identified. Associations were assessed by logistic regression modeling. Results: The waist-to-height ratio (WHr) displayed a significant association with delayed graft function, acute rejection and post-transplant diabetes mellitus, with OR values of 2.04 (1.02-4.08) p = 0.045; 3.08 (1.22-7.79) p = 0.017 and 2.79 (1.16-6.74) p = 0.022, respectively. Waist circumference was linked to delayed graft function [OR = 1.03 (1.01-1.05), p = 0.025] and AR [OR = 1.041 (1.01-1.07), p = 0.009]. Leptin levels were significantly higher in patients who experienced rejection [19.91 ± 23.72 versus 11.22 ± 16.42 ng/ml; OR = 1.021 (1.01-1.04), p = 0.017]. The ADIPOQ rs1501299TT genotype showed a significant association with higher WHr (0.63 ± 0.11 vs 0.59 ± 0.87 for GG/GT genotypes; p = 0.015) and WC values (102.3 ± 14.12 vs 96.38 ± 14.65 for GG/GT genotypes; p = 0.021). Conclusion: WC, and especially WHr, are associated with adverse outcomes in renal transplantation and are affected by variability in the ADIPOQ gene.

Combined donor-recipient genotypes of leptin receptor and adiponectin gene polymorphisms affect the incidence of complications after renal transplantation

BACKGROUND

We aimed to examine whether combined donor/recipient variants in the leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes may affect outcomes in renal transplantation.

METHODS

A total of 233 donors and their corresponding 307 recipients were genotyped for LEPR rs1805094, rs1137100 and rs1137101, and ADIPOQ rs1501299 and rs224176. Combined donor/recipient genetic scores were created to investigate associations with delayed graft function (DGF), graft loss and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

RESULTS

Recipients whose donors carried variant alleles of LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 had lower risk of DGF [OR = 0.48 (0.24-0.97), p = 0.040] and [OR = 0.47 (0.23-0.95), p = 0.035], respectively. In addition, rs1137101 also showed an inverse association with lower incidence of graft loss [OR = 0.44 (0.31-0.97), p = 0.040]. The analysis of genetic scores of donor/recipients showed that again rs1137101 was inversely associated with both outcomes: OR = 0.46 (0.23-0.92), p = 0.029 and OR = 0.45 (0.11-0.81), p = 0.009, respectively. With regard to graft function, the T-allele of ADIPOQ rs1501299 in the donor was related to higher eGFR values (75.26 ± 29.01 vs. 67.34 ± 25.39 ml/min for wild-type grafts, p = 0.012). Higher combined genetic scores in this same polymorphism were also associated with better function (78.33 ± 31.87 vs. 68.25 ± 24.32 ml/min, p = 0.018). Finally, eGFR values were similar between paired kidneys but they were different when comparing grafts with or without the rs1501299 T-variant (77.87 ± 26.50 vs. 69.27 ± 26.73 ml/min, p = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study has shown for the first time to our knowledge that variants in LEPR and ADIPOQ genes of the donors and/or their combination with those in the recipients may affect the outcome of renal transplantation.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study

OBJECTIVES

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible of 31% of all deaths worldwide. Genetic predisposition to CVDs in adolescents remains largely unknown. Aims of present research are to examine the association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents.

METHODS

A total of 14 polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene were genotyped in 1057 European adolescents (12-18 years old) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study. We measured serum lipids and a CVD risk score, along with weight, height, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness, leptin, insulin and other markers of glucose regulation.

RESULTS

The rs822393, rs822395 and rs7649121 polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene were significantly associated with several CVD risk factors [i.e. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, SBP and CVD risk score] in European adolescents. We also found an association of the TGAAGT ADIPOQ haplotype (rs822393, rs16861210, rs822395, rs822396, rs12495941 and rs7649121) with HDL-C and ApoA1 levels.

CONCLUSION

Several individual polymorphisms (rs822393, rs822395 and rs7649121) and a haplotype of ADIPOQ gene were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents.

Analysis of exome-sequenced UK Biobank subjects implicates genes affecting risk of hyperlipidaemia

Rare genetic variants in LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 are known causes of familial hypercholesterolaemia and it is expected that rare variants in other genes will also have effects on hyperlipidaemia risk although such genes remain to be identified. The UK Biobank consists of a sample of 500,000 volunteers and exome sequence data is available for 50,000 of them. 11,490 of these were classified as hyperlipidaemia cases on the basis of having a relevant diagnosis recorded and/or taking lipid-lowering medication while the remaining 38,463 were treated as controls. Variants in each gene were assigned weights according to rarity and predicted impact and overall weighted burden scores were compared between cases and controls, including population principal components as covariates. One biologically plausible gene, HUWE1, produced statistically significant evidence for association after correction for testing 22,028 genes with a signed log10 p value (SLP) of -6.15, suggesting a protective effect of variants in this gene. Other genes with uncorrected p < .001 are arguably also of interest, including LDLR (SLP = 3.67), RBP2 (SLP = 3.14), NPFFR1 (SLP = 3.02) and ACOT9 (SLP = -3.19). Gene set analysis indicated that rare variants in genes involved in metabolism and energy can influence hyperlipidaemia risk. Overall, the results provide some leads which might be followed up with functional studies and which could be tested in additional data sets as these become available. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource.

Association of polymorphisms in leptin and adiponectin genes with long-term outcomes in renal transplant recipients

The effect of polymorphims in leptin and adiponectin genes on long-term outcomes of renal transplantation is unknown. In 349 renal transplant recipients (RTR), we aimed to determine associations between five SNPs in the leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes and these outcomes. Follow-up time ranged from 2 to 25 years (mean 10.29 ± 5.16 years). Two SNPs showed associations with long-term outcomes and their statistical significance greatly increased after 39 RTR with a history of cardiovascular events prior to transplantation were removed from the analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for LEPR rs1805094 and ADIPOQ rs1501299 and risk of graft loss were 0.35 (0.16-0.74) p = 0.006 and 2.37 (1.28-4.37) p = 0.006, respectively. The assessment of risk for global mortality revealed OR values of 0.20 (0.06-0.62), p = 0.005, and 2.43 (1.08-5.44), p = 0.031 for LEPR rs1805094 and ADIPOQ rs1501299, respectively. Our results show that polymorphism in genes involved in leptin and adiponectin function modify long-term outcomes in renal transplantation.

The rs1126616 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Osteopontin Gene Is Independently Associated with Cardiovascular Events in a Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (CVE), partly due to the higher burden of atherosclerosis. Circulating Osteopontin (OPN) levels have been also shown to have a potential role in the development of atherosclerosis. Indeed, CKD patients show an increase in circulating OPN levels, but their effect of CKD-related atherosclerosis is not clear. Polymorphisms in the OPN gene (SPP1) have been studied in atheromatous disease, but reported results show conflictive findings. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of SPP1 polymorphisms in CVE in CKD patients, taking into account circulating OPN levels. We followed 559 healthy controls and 2445 CKD patients without previous CVE from the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology study (NEFRONA study). After 48 months of follow-up 206 CVE were recorded. Genotyping for rs9138, rs1126616, rs1126772, rs11730582 and rs28357094 polymorphisms of the SPP1 gene was performed along with the measurements of plasma OPN levels. The group of patients with CVE showed higher incidence of atherosclerotic plaque (90.3% vs 64.5%; p < 0.001) and higher OPN levels (p < 0.001) at baseline. Patients with the heterozygous genotype of the rs1126616 polymorphism showed a higher hazard ratio of having a CVE, even after adjustment for multiple potential confounders. After adjustment, OPN levels were no longer associated with the incidence of CVE. We found that the rs1126616 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SPP1 gene is independently associated with a higher incidence of CVE in a cohort of CKD patients and that it could be used to predict CVE risk.